考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考前自测提分卷56(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Too much（）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.问题1选项A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.exposure【答案】D【解析】词汇题。disclosure披露,揭发；exhibition展览,显示；contact接触,联系；exposure暴露,曝光。句意：过度暴露在x射线下会导致皮肤灼伤、癌症或对身体造成其他伤害。

2、选项D符合句意。2.单选题The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man（）Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15thcentury.问题1选项A.wasB.namedC.beingD.called【答案】B【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致,若不一致时,则要加上自己的逻辑主语。选项B正确。句意：葡萄牙人非常赞赏一个人,因为他促进了海上旅行,这个人就是生活在15

3、世纪的航海家亨利王子。3.单选题Probably no man had more effect on the daily lives of most people in the United States（）Henry Ford, a pioneer in automobile production.问题1选项A.than hadB.than wasC.than didD.as was【答案】A【解析】语法题。more.than.为有关比较的固定用法,首先排除选项D。did代动词,代替had an effect on the daily lives of most people of the

4、USA,所以选项C正确。句意：恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。4.单选题It might be supposed that greater efficiency should be achieved if several people collaborate to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it. The assumption is by no means invariably true.Although groups often may increase the motiva

5、tion of their members to deal with problems, there is a counter-balancing need to contend with conflicts arising among members of a group and to give it coherent directions. Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction but permits the orderly,

6、 constructive expression of a variety of opinions; much of the leaders effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem-solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group. Solutions simply may reflect the presence of an outstanding individual who might perform even

7、better by himself.Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their net man-hour efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone.A process called brainstorming has been offered as a method of f

8、acilitating the production of new solutions to problems. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probab

9、ility that at least some superior solutions will emerge. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than d

10、oes a reasonably competent individual. Group members may contribute different (and essential) resources to a solution that no individual can readily achieve alone; such pooling of information and skills can make group achievements superior in dealing with selected problems. Sometimes social demands

11、may require group agreement on a single alternative, as in formulating national economic or military policies under democratic governments. When only one among several alternative solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than

12、does an individual alone.1.In this passage, the author argues that thinking in groups（）2.The phrase contend with in Paragraph Two most probably means （）3.According to the author, compared with an individual, a group （）4.The word brainstorming in Paragraph Four roughly means（）5.It can be seen from th

13、e passage that a group will be more efficient in（）问题1选项A.is the best way to solve any problemsB.is by no means useful in problem-solvingC.may result in effective problem-solving under certain circumstancesD.will inevitably produce greater efficiency in problem-solving than individual thinking问题2选项A.

14、handleB.argue withC.satisfyD.compete with问题3选项A.may need more time to discover an answerB.needs an effective leader to provide directionC.often fails to resolve conflicts among its membersD.will always produce better suggestions问题4选项A.offering a method of facilitating the production of new solutions

15、 to problemsB.unrestrained offering of ideas and suggestions by a group of people to seek solutions to problemsC.increasing the efficiency in problem-solving by working with each otherD.forcing people to work together to solve a problem问题5选项A.solving problems that need intensive studyB.analyzing inf

16、ormation and dataC.dealing with national problemsD.selecting the best solution to a problem【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual.”在特殊情况下，一个团队可能比一个有能力的人更有效地解决问题。

17、选项C符合原文。2.词义题。根据原文可知，这里指需要处理好成员之间的冲突，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader”一个有效的领导者的存在有助于解决问题。选项B符合原文。4.语义题。根据第四段的第二句“In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardle

18、ss of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible.”头脑风暴指提供一个问题给一群人，然后他们会谈论所能想到的任何东西，而不管质量如何，并且尽可能不受限制。也就是说一群人无拘无束地提出想法和建议，寻求问题的解决方案；选项B正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知：在处理国家问题上，集体比个人更有效率。5.单选题The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her（）attitude toward customers.问题1选项A.impartialB.mil

19、dC.hostileD.opposing【答案】C【解析】impartial公正的；mild温顺的；hostile不友好的；opposing反对的。句意：因为售货员对顾客不友好的态度,老板对她投去责备的目光。选项C符合句意。6.单选题In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women（）this field is climbing.问题1选项A.engagingB.devotingC.registeringD.pursuing【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。enrolling登记,招收；dedicat

20、ing献身,致力，后面一般接介词to; reclaiming开拓,开垦；pursuing从事,进行。句意：过去，大多数护林员都是男性，但今天，从事这一领域的女性人数正在攀升。选项D符合句意。7.单选题Einsteins special Theory of Relativity is quite（）me.问题1选项A.out ofB.beyondC.fromD.over【答案】B【解析】句意：爱因斯坦的相对论超出了我的能力范围。beyond sb.指超出某人的能力,非某人力所能及,所以选项B更符合句意。8.单选题When traveling, you are advised to take tr

21、avelers checks, which provide a secure（）to carrying your money in cash.问题1选项A.substituteB.preferenceC.selectionD.alternative【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。substitute替代物；preference偏爱；selection选择,指从相当数量中进行选择,强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别；alternative可供选择的,强调在两个中选一个。句意：旅游的时候建议你带上旅行支票,作为携帯现金的一个安全替代方式。选项D正确。9.单选题Oh, what a nuisance! It

22、（）so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, and I have left them on the table at home.问题1选项A.would have beenB.had beenC.would beD.was【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真讨厌,我本来很容易就能把那些我想给你看的照片帯过来,我却把它们落在家里的桌子上了。would have done为虚拟语气,表示本应该做的事但却没有做。10.单选题Mary（）my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.问题1选项A.has receivedB.ought to have receivedC.couldnt have receivedD.should have received【答案】C【解析】辨析题。句意：Mary不可能收到了我的信,否则她早就回复我了。只有选项C符合句意。