考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考前自测提分卷66(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Theres one girl at my school who everybody_because she doesnt wear what everybody else wears; they are horrible to her.问题1选项A.picks outB.picks overC.picks onD.picks off【答案】C【解析】pick out挑选； pick over仔细检查以便选出优品（或剔除劣品）； pick on作弄，挑剔；pi

2、ck off摘掉。句意：我们学校有一个女孩，每个人都欺负她，因为她穿的和大家不一样；大家都讨厌她。选项C符合句意。2.案例题Most of us tell one two lies a day,according to scientists who study these things. And we rarely get caught,because the lies we tell are usually little ones: I got stuck in traffic. That color looks good on you. I was just about to call.

3、But even the smallest fib may soon be systematically exposed,at least in the virtual World. Researchers at several universities are developing software that can detect lies in online communications such as instant messages e-mails and chatrooms. The ability to spot digital deception, as researchers

4、call it,has never been more crucial. Today,much of our business and social life is conducted online, making us increasingly vulnerable. White collar criminals,sexual predators, scammers, identity thieves and even terrorists surf the same Web as the rest of us.Conventional lie detectors look for phys

5、iological signs of anxietya bead of sweat or a racing pulse but online systems examine only the liars words. When were looking at language, were looking at the tool of the lie, says Jeff Hancock,an assistant professor of communication and a member of the faculty of computing and information science

6、at Cornell University.Hancock,who recently received a $680,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to study digital deception, says there is a growing body of evidence that the language of dishonest messages is different than that of honest ones. For example,one study led by Hancock and due t

7、o be published this spring in Discourse Processes found that deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did truthful messages. Liars also tend to use fewer first-person references (such as the pron

8、oun I) and more third- person references (such as he and they). This may be the liars subconscious way of distancing himself from his lie.More surprising,Hancock and his colleagues have observed that the targets of liars also exhibit distinctive language patterns. For instance,people who are being d

9、eceived often use shorter sentences and ask more questions. Even though they may not be aware that they are being lied to,people seem to exhibit subconscious suspicions.To identify the patterns of deceit,Hancock has developed an instant-messaging system at Cornell that asks users to rate the decepti

10、veness of each message they send. The system has already collected 10,000 messages,of which about 6 percent qualify as patently deceptive. Eventually the results will be incorporated into software that analyzes incoming messages.For now,the Cornell researchers are working only with the kinds of lies

11、 told by students and faculty. It remains to be seen whether such a system can be scaled up to handle big lies, such as messages sent by conartists and terrorists.Fortunately, the research so far suggests that people lie less often in e-mail than face-to-face or on the phone. Perhaps this is because

12、 people are reluctant to put their lies in writing. Hancock speculates. An e-mail generates multiple copies, he says.It will last longer than something carved in rock. So choose your words carefully. The internet may soon be rid not only deceit but also of lame excuses.1.The digital polygraph conduc

13、ts testing based on （ ）.2.List one of the differences between false pretences and unfeigned messages,according to Hancocks study.3.The language patterns of those harboring suspicious perspectives would be characteristics of .4.Why does Hancock need the rating results of the message deceptiveness?5.W

14、hy do people lie less in e-mail messages than confronting with each other according to Hancocksspeculation?【答案】1.the liars words.2.According to Hancocks study,deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions

15、than did truthful messages.3.the targets of liars.4.To identify the patterns of deceit.5.Perhaps this is because people are reluctant to put their lies in writing.【解析】1.根据第三段的第一句“Conventional lie detectors look for physiological signs of anxietya bead of sweat or a racing pulsebut online systems exa

16、mine only the liars words.”传统的测谎仪寻找焦虑的生理信号, 而电子测谎仪只检测说谎者的话语。所以这里应填入“the liars words.”2.根据第四段的第二句“Processes found that deceptive e-mail messages contained 28 percent more words on average and used a higher percentage of words associated with negative emotions than did truthful messages.”研究发现, 欺骗性的电子邮

17、件比真实的邮件平均多包含28%的词汇, 使用的与负面情绪有关的词汇比例也更高。3.根据第五段的第一句“More surprising,Hancock and his colleagues have observed that the targets of liars also exhibit distinctive language patterns.”更令人惊讶的是, Hancock和他的同事们发现, 说谎者的目标也表现出独特的语言模式。结合第五段的内容可知这里应填入“the targets of liars.”.4根据第六段的第一句“To identify the patterns of

18、deceit,Hancock has developed an instant- messaging system at Cornell that asks users to rate the deceptiveness of each message they send.”Hancock需要欺骗性信息的评级结果是为了识别欺骗的模式。5.根据最后一段的一二句“the research so far suggests that people lie less often in e-mail than face-to-face or on the phone. Perhaps this is be

19、cause people are reluctant to put their lies in writing.”迄今为止的研究表明, 人们通过电子邮件说谎的频率低于面对面或电话。汉考克推测, 也许这是因为人们不愿意把谎言写下来。3.单选题As marketers increase their communication through both print and electronic channels,the opportunity for _is growing rapidly.问题1选项A.fraudB.jargonC.pledgeD.motivation【答案】A【解析】fraud欺

20、诈, 骗子; jargon行话; pledge保证, 许诺, 抵押; motivation 动机。句意：当营销人员通过印刷和电子渠道加强沟通的时候，也为欺诈行为提供了快速增长的机会。选项A符合句意。4.单选题The ALSPAC report is the third in recent years to find few or no_effects from consuming most types of seafood during pregnancy.问题1选项A.adverseB.aggregateC.antagonisticD.animate【答案】A【解析】adverse不利的,

21、敌对的; aggregate合计的, 聚合的; antagonistic反对的, 敌对的; animate有生命的。句意：ALSPAC的报告是近年来第三份发现孕期食用大多数品种的海鲜很少有或者几乎没有副作用的报告。选项A符合句意。5.单选题She is one of the few people here I can understand properly, she pronounces all her words so_.问题1选项A.exactlyB.distinctlyC.distinctivelyD.distinguishably【答案】B【解析】exactly精确地；distinct

22、ly明显地， 清晰地；distinctively特殊地；distinguishably可区别地，辨认得出。句意：她是我能听懂的为数不多的几个人之一，她把所有的字都读得很清楚。由题意可知， 作者强调此人发音清晰，故选B。6.单选题But cellphones had been around for 15 years before they caught on with_America. By that yardstick, broadbandwidely available for only the past couple of yearshas many more miles to go.问题

23、1选项A.main-topmastB.mainstayC.main arteryD.mainstream【答案】D【解析】main-topmast航海主桅中桅；mainstay中流砥柱；main artery主要干线； mainstream 主流。句意：在手机成为美国主流之前，它已经存在了15年。按照这个标准，宽带还有很长的路要走宽带仅在过去几年才普及。选项D符合句意。7.单选题Its easy to_us because were supposedly a bunch of dumb country bumpkins and rednecks.问题1选项A.pick overB.pick o

24、ffC.pick onD.pick out【答案】C【解析】pick over仔细检查或挑选； pick off摘掉，拔去； pick on选中，批评，欺负；pick out挑选出。句意：我们很容易受欺负，因为我们被认为是一群愚蠢的土包子和乡巴佬。选项C符合句意。8.单选题Salas is one of 13,000 King County employees who will be asked to confidentially_whether theyre overweight,smoke or engage in other health-related vices.问题1选项A.dem

25、entB.divulgeC.retaliateD.disservice【答案】B【解析】dement使发狂; divulge泄露, 暴露; retaliate报复; disservice伤害, 虐待。句意：萨拉斯是国王郡1.3万名雇员之一, 他们将被要求私下透露自己是否超重、是否吸烟或是否有其他与健康有关的恶习。选项B符合句意。9.单选题I personally am offended by what they have tried to do in a very misleading way with,what Ive said about two of my personal_, Pres

26、ident Kennedy and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.问题1选项A.resemblanceB.statuesC.iconsD.parable【答案】C【解析】resemblance相似之处; statue雕像; icon偶像, 崇拜对象; parable寓意,比喻。句意：就我个人而言, 我对他们试图以一种非常具有误导性的方式对待肯尼迪总统和马丁路德金博士的事感到很愤怒, 而我讲过这两个人是我的偶像。选项C符合句意。10.单选题Happiness used to have a much broader meaningtied to the idea of a_and meaningful life一 but now its almost indistinguishable from pleasure.问题1选项A.virtuousB.depravedC.viciousD.malicious【答案】A【解析】virtuous善良的， 有道德的；depraved堕落的，卑鄙的；vicious恶意的， 刻毒的； malicious蓄意的，恶毒的。句意：在过去, 幸福有一个更广泛的含义与道德高尚和有意义的生活观念紧密联系在一起但现在几乎和快乐无法区分。选项A符合句意。