考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考前自测提分卷24(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-河北农业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题He had been ill for months, and we were disturbed by his _ complexion.问题1选项A.darkB.sallowC.fairD.white【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dark“黑暗的；深色的”；B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”；C选项fair“白皙的”；D选项white“白色的”。句意：他病了好几个月了，我们为他_而不安。根据语境，这里指生病许久，身体应该是虚弱的

2、，B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。2.单选题Nobody is able to explain the _ of this commonly-used expression.问题1选项A.beginningB.starting-pointC.foundationD.origin【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项beginning“（事情或过程的）的开始”；B选项starting-point“（讨论或过程的）起点；（旅行的)出发点”；C选项foundation“基础”；D选项origin“起源”。句意：没有人能解释这个常用表达的_。根据语境，这里指没

3、有人能解释这个常用表达是哪里来的，所以origin“起源”符合题意。因此D选项正确。3.翻译题The carrot- and -stick theory of motivation (like Newtonian physical theory) works reasonably well under certain circumstances. 1. The means for satisfying mans physiological and (within limits), his safety needs can be provided or withheld by managemen

4、t. Employment itself is such a means and so are wages, working conditions and benefits. By these means the individual can be controlled so long as he is struggling for subsistence.But the carrot-and-stick theory does not work at all once man has reached an adequate subsistence level and is motivated

5、 primarily by higher needs. Management cannot provide a man with self-respect or with the respect of his fellows, or with the satisfaction of needs for self- fulillment. 2. It can create such conditions that he is encouraged and enabled to seek such satisfactions for himself, or it can thwart him by

6、 failing to create those conditions.But this creation of conditions is not “control”. It is not a good device for directing behavior.And so management finds itself in an odd position. The high standard of living created by our modern technological know-how provides quite adequately for the satisfact

7、ion of physiological and safely needs. The only significant exception is where management practices have not created confidence in a “fair break” and thus where safety needs are thwarted. 3. But by making possiblethe satisfaction of low-level needs, management has deprived itself of the ability to u

8、se as motivators the devices on which conventional theory has taught it to rely-rewards, promises, incentives, or threats and other coercive devices.4. The philosophy of management by direction and control regardless of whether it is hard or soft is inadequate to motivate because the human needs on

9、which this approach relies are today unimportant motivators of behavior. Direction and control are essentially useless in motivating people whose important needs are social and egoistic. Both the hard and the soft approach fail today because they are simply irrelevant to the situation. 5. People, de

10、prived of opportunities to satisfy at work the needs which are now important to them, behave exactly as we right predict with indolence, passivity, resistance to change, lack of responsibility, willingness to follow the demagogue, unreasonable demands for economic benefits. It would seem that we are

11、 caught in a web of our own weaving.【答案】1. 【参考译文】这是满足人的生理和（在一定限度内）安全需要的手段，可以由管理部门提供，也可以不提供。就业本身就是一种手段，工资、工作条件和福利也是如此。通过这些手段，只要一个人在为生存而挣扎，他就可以被控制。2. 【参考译文】它可以创造这样的条件，鼓励并使他能够为自己寻求这样的满足，也可以通过不创造这些条件来阻挠他。3. 【参考译文】但是，通过满足低层需求，管理者丧失了使用激励器的能力，而传统理论已将其作为奖励、承诺、激励或威胁以及其他强制性手段所依赖的手段。4. 【参考译文】不管是硬还是软，通过方向和控制进行管

12、理的哲学都无法激发人们的积极性，因为如今这种方法所依赖的人类需求已不再是行为的重要推动者。5. 【参考译文】人们被剥夺了在工作中满足现在对他们来说很重要的需求的机会，他们表现得恰如我们所预料的那样，表现为懒惰、消极、抵制变革、缺乏责任感、乐于追随煽动者、对经济利益的不合理要求。4.单选题Those naughty boys were caught _flowers in the garden again.问题1选项A.to stealB.stealingC.having stolenD.to have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查现在分词的用法。现在分词放在另一动作之后，表示主语在进行谓

13、语动向所表示的动作的同时正在进行另一个动作，此时现在分词对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。句意：那些淘气的男孩又在花园里偷花被抓了，因此根据句意B项为正确答案。catch的常见用法catch sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，转换为被动用法则是sb be caught doing sth，因此A和D项均错误；C项使用的是现在分词的完成式，与句意不符，故排除。5.单选题I always left home for school earlier in the morning _ traffic jam.问题1选项A.in line withB.for the sake ofC.in ca

14、se ofD.at the risk of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项in line with“与一致”；B选项for the sake of“为了”；C选项in case of“以防万一”；D选项at the risk of“冒着的危险”。句意：我总是在早上较早离开家去上学_交通堵塞。根据语境，这里指早点出门是为了不想堵车，C选项in case of“以防万一”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6.单选题All factories and mines are _ by government officials.问题1选项A.examinedB.surveyedC.inspectedD.in

15、vestigated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项examined“（仔细）检查；考察”；B选项surveyed“勘测；民意调查；房屋鉴定”；C选项inspected“视察；查看”；D选项investigated“侦察”。句意：所有的工厂和矿山都由政府官员_。根据语境，government officials“政府官员”搭配inspected“视察”比较合理。因此C选项正确。7.单选题Without careful investigation, never draw a conclusion since we need to have factual knowledge _ our t

16、hinking.问题1选项A.which to be based onB.which to base uponC.upon which to baseD.to which to be based【答案】C【解析】考查定语。句意：没有经过仔细调查，永远不会得出一个结论，因为我们需要事实性知识作为我们思考的基础。横线到句尾是修饰knowledge的定语，根据在事实性知识的基础上确定用upon knowledge，根据以事实性知识为基础是为了形成thinking，确定用不定式，C选项upon which to base正确。A选项which to be based on和D选项to which to

17、 be based不用被动语态，B选项which to base upon缺少upon，符合题意。因此C选项正确。8.单选题Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies”.They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and childrens shoes for t

18、he under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or running. The executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract

19、 new and varied groups of customers.Still, despite is emphasis on new markets, Reebok plans few changes in the upmarket retailing network that helped push sales to $1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. Reebok shoes, which are priced from $27 to $85, will continue to be sold

20、only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the companys view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.In the past few years, the Massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of it: distributors (and the

21、number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective abou

22、t its distributors. At present. Reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the United States.Reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related crave, replacing aerobics shoes the same way as brightly colored soft leather exercise footwear repl

23、aced conventional running shoes. Through product diversification and careful market research. Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago, when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was freed to unload huge inventories of running shoes thro

24、ugh discount stores.1. One reason why Reeboks managerial personnel dont like their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies” is that （ ）.2. Reeboks view that “consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution” (Line 4, Para. 2) implies that （ ）.3. Reebok once had to limit t

25、he number of its distributors because （ ）.4. Although the Reebok Company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it （ ）.5. What lesson has Reebok learned from Nikes distribution problems?问题1选项A.they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groupsB.new production lin

26、es have been added to produce inexpensive shoesC.“yuppies” usually evokes a negative imageD.the term makes people think of prohibitive prices问题2选项A.the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling itB.the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributorsC.

27、the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell itD.consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold by high-quality stores问题3选项A.its supply of products fell short of demandB.too many distributors would cut into its profitsC.the reduction of distributors could increase its sh

28、are of the marketD.it wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products问题4选项A.does not want to further expand its retailing networkB.still limits the number of shoes supplied to storesC.is still particular about who sells its productsD.still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products问题5

29、选项A.A company should not sell is high quality shoes in discount stores.B.A company should not limit its distribution network.C.A company should do follow-up surveys of its products.D.A company should correctly evaluate the impact of a new crave on the market.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1. 细节事实题

30、。题干中的“managerial personnel”即为第一段的executives，因此可知本题答案在第一段：Reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies”.（Reebok的高管们不喜欢听到他们的时尚运动鞋被称为“雅皮士鞋”），再由下文的They contend that Reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers b

31、asketball and childrens shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics or running.（他们认为Reebok鞋吸引了不同的细分市场，尤其是现在该公司为18岁以下儿童提供篮球鞋和童鞋，为对有氧运动或跑步不感兴趣的老年客户提供步行鞋），更可知其目标消费是多高层次的，所以A项“他们相信他们的鞋子很受不同年龄段的人的欢迎”正确。B项“增加了新的生产线来生产廉价的鞋子”，C项“雅皮士”通常会引起负面印象，D项“这个词使人们想到了令人望而却

32、步的价格”，均属于无中生有。2.判断推理题。题干引号中是说消费者通过品牌分销的质量来判断品牌的质量，定位到第二段Reebok shoes, which are priced from $27 to $85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the companys view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its d

33、istribution.（锐步鞋的售价从27美元到85美元不等，按照该公司的观点，消费者通过分销的质量来判断品牌的质量，锐步鞋将继续只在更好的专卖店、体育用品店和百货公司销售），由此可以推断只有D项“消费者认为，一流的产品只有高质量的商店才能销售”符合主旨大意。A项“一个品牌的质量是由销售它的商店的服务质量来衡量的”，文中未提及服务质量，B项“产品的质量决定了分销商的质量”，也是属于无中生有选项，C项“一个品牌的知名度是由销售它的商店决定的”，文中未提及知名度。3. 细节事实题。根据题干中“limit the number of distributions ”定位到第三段 limits on

34、the number of it: distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. At times the unexpected demand for Reeboks exceeded supply，（对它的数量进行了限制：分销商（以及向商店供应鞋子的数量），部分是出于必要。有时，锐步的意外需求超过了供应），可知对批发商数量的限制主要是因为需求量出乎意料地超过了供应能力。所以A项“它的产品供不应求”完全符合题意。B项“太多的分销商会削减它的利润”，C项“减少分销商可以增加其

35、市场份额”，D项“它希望增强消费者对其产品的信心”，在文中均未提及。4. 细节事实题。定位到第三段倒数第二句These fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors（这些履约问题现在似乎已经得到控制，但该公司仍在选择分销商）。C选项“对谁销售其产品仍很挑剔”与文中第三段倒数第二句相呼应，答案即为该句的复述。A项“不想进一步扩大其零售网络”和B项“仍然限制了向商店供应鞋子的数量”，在文中均未体现，D项“仍然谨慎地选择其产品的制

36、造商”，应该是谨慎选择经销商，故错误。5. 判断推理题。依据题干定位到最后一段 Reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems Nike came across several years ago，when Nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoes craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores. （Reebok希望避免几年前Nike遇到的分销问题，当时Nike

37、错误地判断了健身鞋热潮的强度，被迫通过折扣店卸载大量的运动鞋库存），由此可知Nike公司正是由于当时错误地判断了健身鞋的流行强度而导致了running shoes的积压而不得不打折销售，这是因市场预测不准确所导致的，所以D项“公司应该正确地评估新的需求对市场的影响”符合题意。A项“一家公司不应该在折扣店卖高质量的鞋子”，B项“公司不应限制其分销网络”，C项“公司应该对其产品进行跟踪调查”，都是对文意的曲解。9.单选题Mother warned _ the electric lamp.问题1选项A.not to touchB.him not to touchC.him not touchingD

38、.him not touch【答案】B【解析】考查动词用法。句意：妈妈告诫他不要碰电灯。告诫某人不要做某事用warn sb. not to do sth.，所以B选项him not to touch符合题意，故正确。其余选项语法错误。因此B选项正确。10.单选题Most children with healthy appetites are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food （1） It is badly cooked. The way a meal is coo

39、ked and served is most important and an attractively served meal will often improve a childs appetite. Never ask a child （2） he likes or dislikes a food and never discuss likes and dislikes in front of him or allow （3） else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother refuses vegetab

40、les, in the childs hearing he is （4） to copy this procedure. Take it （5） granted that he likes everything and he probably will. Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a supposed dislike. At meal times it is a good （6） to give a child a small portion and let him come back for a

41、second helping rather than give him as （7） as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child （8） meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not （9） him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will soon learn to swallow his food so he can hurry back to his toys

42、. Under （10） circumstances must a child be coaxed or forced to eat.问题1选项A.ifB.untilC.thatD.unless问题2选项A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.which问题3选项A.everybodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nobody问题4选项A.willingB.possibleC.obligedD.likely问题5选项A.withB.asC.overD.for问题6选项A.pointB.customC.ideaD.plan问题7选项A.muchB.littleC.fewD.ma

43、ny问题8选项A.onB.overC.byD.during问题9选项A.agreeB.allowC.forceD.persuade问题10选项A.someB.anyC.suchD.no【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:B第10题:B【解析】1.词义辨析题。A选项if“如果”；B选项until“直到”；C选项that“那个”；D选项unless“除非”。句意：孩子往往喜欢食物，_做得很难吃。结合语境，可知横线前后是转折关系，所以unless“除非”符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.考查词义辨析。A选项whether“是否”；B选项what

44、“什么”；C选项that“那个”；D选项which“哪一个”。句意：永远不要问孩子_喜欢或不喜欢某种食物。根据语境，这里指不要问孩子喜不喜欢某种食物，whether“是否”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3.考查名词辨析。A选项everybody“每个人”；B选项anybody“任何人”；C选项somebody“有的人”；D选项nobody“没有人”。句意：永远不要在他面前讨论好恶，也不允许其他_这样做。根据语境，这里指也不允许别人这样做，anybody“任何人”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.考查词组辨析。A选项be willing to“愿意做某事”；B选项be possible to“有可能做到

45、某事”；C选项be obliged to“有义务做某事”；D选项be likely to“做某事有可能性”。句意：如果父亲说他讨厌肥肉或母亲不吃蔬菜，孩子听到后就会_模仿这个行为模式。根据语境，这里指孩子有可能会模仿父母，所以be likely to“做某事有可能性”符合题意。因此D选项正确。5.考查固定搭配。D选项take it for granted“把当成理所当然”为固定搭配，其余选项不能构成固定搭配。句意：你可以想当然地认为他什么都喜欢，他很可能会喜欢的。因此D选项正确。6.考查名词辨析。A选项point“观点”；B选项custom“习惯”；C选项idea“主意”；D选项plan“打算

46、”。句意：吃饭的时候给孩子一小份饭是很好的_。根据上下文，文章在讲的是如何让孩子不再挑食，并且给了不同的方法，所以idea“主意”符合题意。因此C选项正确。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项much“许多的”，修饰不可数名词；B选项little“很少的”，修饰不可数名词；C选项few“几乎没有的”，修饰可数名词；D选项many“许多的”，修饰可数名词。句意：让他回来再吃一份，而不是给他很可能一次就吃完的一样_。根据语境，这里指的是不要孩子能吃多少，就一次性给孩子多少，食物是不可数名词，所以much“许多的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。8.考查介词辨析。A选项on“在（某一天）”；B选项over“在之上”

47、；C选项by“到之前”；D选项during“在期间”。句意：吃饭时间不要对孩子说太多话。根据语境，这里是指吃饭期间不要对孩子说太多话，所以during“在期间”符合题意。因此D选项正确。9.考查动词辨析。A选项agree“同意”，不及物动词，agree with sb.；B选项allow为“允许；给予；认可”之意时是及物动词，为“容许；考虑”之意时是不及物动词；C选项force“强迫”；D选项persuade“劝说”。句意：并且不要_他饭后立即离开餐桌。根据语境，这里指不允许孩子吃完饭立刻离开餐桌，allow“允许”符合题意及语法。因此B选项正确。10.考查形容词辨析。A选项some“某些的”；B选项any“任何的”；C选项such“这样的”；D选项no“没有”。句意：在_情况下都必须哄诱或强迫孩子吃东西。根据语境，这里指在什么时候都要让孩子吃东西，any“任何的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。