考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考前自测提分卷20(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题They announced to the （ ） guests that they were engaged to be married.问题1选项A.adoptedB.acquiredC.accumulatedD.assembled【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。adopt “采取，采纳”；acquire “获得”；accumulate “积攒”；assemble “集合，聚集”。句意：他们向聚集在一起的客人宣布他们订婚的消息。选项D符合题意。2.

2、单选题Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her （ ）for a whole week. (98/6)问题1选项A.constrainedB.dominatedC.restrictedD.occupied【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。constrained “被强迫的”；dominated “占主导地位的”；restricted “受限制的；occupied “使用中的；无空闲的”。句意：她热衷于给这个大房子重新装修，为此她会忙碌整个星期。选项D符合题意。3.单选题The process of perceiving othe

3、r people is rarely translated (to ourselves or others) into cold, objective terms. “She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt.” More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters. Furt

4、hermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance.We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others: watching, without being noticed, a person interacting

5、 with others, particularly with others who are known to you so you can compare the observed persons behavior with the known others behavior; observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for; deliberately

6、 structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the persons responses to specific stimuli; asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about him or her; and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person-quest

7、ions, self-disclosures (自我表露)，and so on. Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the id

8、ea that we wont ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically (讽刺性地)，those things th

9、at keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e.g., disclosures and truthful statements).1.The word “pinpoint”(Para. 1

10、，Line 3) basically means（ ） .2.What do we learn from the first paragraph?3.It can be inferred from Bergers suggestions that（ ） .4.In developing personal relationships, secrets and deceptions, in the authors opinion, are（ ）5.The authors purpose in writing the passage is（ ） .问题1选项A.appreciateB.obtainC

11、.interpretD.identify问题2选项A.People are better described in cold, objective terms.B.The difficulty of getting to know a person is usually underestimated.C.One should not judge people by their appearances.D.One is usually subjective when assessing other peoples personality.问题3选项A.People do not reveal t

12、heir true self on every occasion.B.in most cases we should avoid contacting the observed person directly -C.the best way to know a person is by making comparisons.D.face-to-face interaction is the best strategy to uncover information about a person问题4选项A.personal matters that should be seriously dea

13、lt withB.barriers that should be done away withC.as significant as disclosures and truthful statementsD.things people should guard against问题5选项A.to give advice on appropriate conduct for social occasionsB.to provide ways of how to obtain information about peopleC.to call the readers attention to the

14、 negative side of peoples charactersD.to discuss the various aspects of getting to know people【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据上下文可推断 pinpoint 的意思与perceive “了解，认知”相似。第一段提到pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations, abilities, ideas and characters深入内心确定他的态度、情感、动机、能力、想法和性格。所以选项D符合题意。2.第一

15、段最后一句we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly-perhaps with a two-second glance 提到人们常常以为短短几秒钟就能够了解他人，然而事实却远非这样，这显然是低估了了解他人的难度。所以选项B符合题意。3.Berger建议了几种了解他人的方法，但是仅从一个方面去了解他人是行不通的，因为大部分人都在不断改，而我们用来获得信息的这些方法不够精确（getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely bec

16、ause people are constantly changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise），选项A符合题意。4.文章最后一句话提到对于建议一段良好的人际关系而言，他人的秘密和欺骗与他人的自我表露和实话一样重要，这非常具有讽刺意味。选项C符合题意。5.文章主要讨论了了解他人的不同方面，如：识人的困难、方法及隐瞒和欺骗的积极方面等。所以选项D符合题意。4.单选题Some people （ ）avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neut

17、ral about them.问题1选项A.violentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincerelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。violently “猛烈地”；enthusiastically “热心地”；sincerely “诚挚地”；deliberately “故意地”。句意：有些人有意回避对错的问题，或对此保持中立。选项D符合题意。5.单选题Im sure your suggestion will （ ）the problem.问题1选项A.contribute to solvingB.be contributed to solve

18、C.contribute to solveD.be contributed to solving【答案】A【解析】考查固定用法。contribute to 后面要接名词或者动名词，选项A符合题意。6.单选题By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants （新教徒）lived to America. Although the Church of England was an established church in several colonies, Protestants lived side by

19、 side in relative harmony. Already they had begun to influence each other. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations.At the same time the works of John Lo

20、cke were becoming known in America. John Locke reasoned that the right to govern comes from an agreement or “social contract” voluntarily entered into by free people. The Puritan experience in forming congregations made this idea seem natural to many Americans. Taking it out of the realm of social t

21、heory, they made it a reality and formed a nation.It was politics and not religion that most occupied Americans minds during the War of Independence and for years afterward. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, be

22、lieving that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs.Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree, however, that, as the Declaration of Independence states，” all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights,

23、” and that “the laws of Nature and Natures God” entitled them to form a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion.The First Amendment （修正案）to the Constitution of the United States forbade new federa

24、l government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or otherwise of religion. The United States would have no state-supported religion in this way, those men who formulated the principal tenets of the newly established political system hoped to insure that diversity o

25、f religion belief should never become the source of social or political injustice or disaffection.The First Amendment insured that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens. But did it mean that government would be religiously neutral,

26、 treating all religions alike?In some ways, the government supports all religions. Religious groups do not pay taxes to the United States Presidents and other political leaders often call on God to bless the American nation and people. Those whose religion forbids them to fight can perform other ser

27、vices instead of becoming soldiers. But government does not pay ministers salaries or require any belief-not even a belief in God - as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead.The

28、 truth is that for some purposes government ignores religion and for other purposed it treats all religions alike at least as far as is practical. When disputes about the relationship between government and religion arise, American courts must settle them.1.What is the Great Awakening?2.What control

29、led Americans minds during the War of Independence?3.（ ） entitled Americans to have the freedom of religion.4. In the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, it is stipulated that5.Which of the following is the proof that the government ignores religion in some ways?问题1选项A.To cut a

30、cross the lines of Protestant religious groups or denomination.B.A revival movement of seeking to breathe new feeling and strength into religion.C.To live side by side in relative harmony.D.To spread religious idea to other countries.问题2选项A.PoliticsB.ReligionC.ProtestantsD.Church问题3选项A.The First Ame

31、ndmentB.The Constitution of the United StatesC.American GovernmentD.The Declaration of Independence问题4选项A.the government can entitle state-supported religion to enjoy some special rightsB.the government cannot take any action to limit the practice of any religionC.the United States would have no nat

32、ional religionD.the government will not intervene in the social or political injustice问题5选项A.Religious group need not pay taxes in the Unites States.B.President seldom calls on God to bless America and its peopleC.For those who, like Quakers, object to them, oaths can be replaced by a solemn affirma

33、tion or declaration.D.For those whose religion forbids them to fight, performing other services can take the place of being soldiers.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a “revival” movement which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion cut a

34、cross the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations 提及“大觉醒运动”是为了为宗教带来新气象和新力量，选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段第一句It was politics and not religion that most occupied Americans minds during the War of Independence and for years afterward 提到战时政治占据了人们的思想，选项A符合题意。3.文章第四段提及 独立宣言 （the Declaration of Independenc

35、e）提倡人生而平等，并肯定了人们具有某些不可剥夺的权利，宗教自由就是其中之一。选项D符合题意。4.文章第五段和第六段提及美国宪法第一修正案禁止政府树立官方宗教或阻碍宗教自由，也不允许参与宗教事务和对公民的强加宗教信仰（forbade new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or otherwise of religion）。选项B符合题意。5.文章倒数第二段最后一句Oaths are administered, but those who, lik

36、e Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead 提到向上帝宣誓并非强制性的，例如贵格派教徒可以用其他方式代替宣誓。选项C符合题意。7.单选题It is bad manners to （ ） people where they are speaking.问题1选项A.interviewB.intimateC.interfereD.interrupt【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Interview “采访；面试”；intimate “暗示，通知”；interfere “干涉，打

37、扰”；interrupt “打断，中断，打扰”。句意：打断他人说话是不礼貌的。选项D符合题意。8.单选题There is no easy solution to Japans labor（ ） .问题1选项A.declineB.vacancyC.rarityD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降”；vacancy “空缺，空白”；rarity “罕见；珍品”；shortage “缺少”。句意：日本劳动力不足的问题很难解决。选项D符合题意。9.单选题 ） ofthe delivery port and shipping is available atany

38、 time.问题1选项A.garageB.cabinetC.capsuleD.warehouse【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。garage “车库”；cabinet “橱柜”；capsule “胶囊”；warehouse “仓库”。句意：完成的产品都储藏在一个交货港的仓库里，随时都可以交货。选项D符合题意。10.单选题Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer neces

39、sary that every lecture every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green spaces in the urban envir

40、onment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green spaces in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter i

41、nto one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far fr

42、om home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities

43、at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.Th

44、e very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in

45、 short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.1.According to the author, the importance of green spaces in the urban environment2.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to （ ）.3.The author suggests that the re

46、creative possibilities of greenspace should be provided4.According to the author, greenspace facilities should be designed in such a way that5.The main idea of this passage is that（ ） .问题1选项A.is still unknownB.has been fully recognizedC.is being closely studiedD.is usually neglected问题2选项A.the dispro

47、portion of recreation facilities in the neighbourhoodB.the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighbourhoodC.relatively little attention for recreative possibilitiesD.the location of recreation facilities far from home问题3选项A.in the neighbourhood of the houseB.in the suburbsC.in special a

48、reasD.in gardens and parks问题4选项A.an increasing number of recreative activities might be developedB.more and more people might have access to themC.more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspectD.recreative activities might be brought into our homes问题5选项A.attention must be directed to t

49、he improvement of recreative possibilitiesB.better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our lifeC.the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years agoD.priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities【答案】第1题

50、:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段at present it is generally accepted 提到关于城市绿地的功能已经被广泛接受，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段提到这种理论区分造成了对远离家庭的休闲形式的失衡的关注，和对于生活区域附近的休闲场所发展的忽略（disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possi

51、bilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home），由此得出这种区分导致人们把休闲设施的重点放在离家远的区域，所以选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段so it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house 提到休闲设施应该先从离家近的地方开始，所以选项A符合题意。4.文章第二段提到the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect，选项C符合题意。5.文章主要讲述了如何更好地利用小区的绿地空间来增加城市居民的生活质量，选项B符合题意。