考研考博-考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前自测提分卷50(含答案详解）

《考研考博-考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前自测提分卷50(含答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前自测提分卷50(含答案详解）（8页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题To _ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.问题1选项A.commenceB.compromiseC.compensateD.compliment【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配与上下文语义。A选项commence“开始，着手”；B选项compromise“妥协，和解”；C选项compensate“补偿，弥补”；D选项compliment“恭

2、维，称赞”。句意：为了_他不愉快的经历，他喝多了一点。根据句意，C选项compensate较符合，空格后的介词for提示我们，空格处应填compensate，构成短语compensate for，其他选项均不跟介词for搭配。因此，本题最佳选项为C。2.单选题How many people are suffering from labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics ex

3、aggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social prog

4、rams for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings an

5、d income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority is from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have fa

6、mily responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude mill

7、ions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the nu

8、mber unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffers. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another part-time working beca

9、use of the inability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers

10、does not necessarily mean that those failings in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and hence, whethe

11、r high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debatethat the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences

12、of labor market problems.16. Which of the following does “labor market problems” (Paragraph 1) refer to?17. The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that _.18. Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?19. The authors purpose in citing

13、those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that _.20. According to the text, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over-predict the amount of economic hardship is the _.问题1选项A.Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B.Deficienci

14、es in the training of work force.C.Trade relationships among producers of goods.D.The overall causes of poverty.问题2选项A.more people were unemployed in the 1930sB.social programs are more needed nowC.unemployment now has less severe effectsD.now there is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped

15、 people among those in poverty问题3选项A.Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B.A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C.New

16、statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D.Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.问题4选项A.there are several factor

17、s that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB.unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessnessC.recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and cause hardships for individual workersD.a majority of those who are jobless at any tim

18、e does not suffer severe hardship问题5选项A.recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low wage workersB.fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC.establishment of a system of record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD.prevalence, amon

19、g low wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】16. 【选项释义】Which of the following does “labor market problems” (Paragraph 1) refer to? “劳动力市场问题”（第一段）指的是下列哪一项？A. Shortage of jobs providing adequate income. A. 提供足够收入的工作岗位短缺。B. D

20、eficiencies in the training of work force. B. 劳动力培训不足。C. Trade relationships among producers of goods. C. 商品生产者之间的贸易关系。D. The overall causes of poverty. D. 贫困的总体原因。【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Paragraph 1和labor market problems定位到原文第1段第1句，该句提到“劳动力市场问题困扰了很多人”。但是第1段第3句提到“在许多方面，我们的社会统计数字夸大了（exaggerate）困难的程度。”

21、第2段第1句提到“然而，我们的社会统计数据也在许多方面低估了（underestimate）劳动力市场相关困难的程度”。由此可知，第1段主要介绍的是，统计数据对劳动力市场问题的夸大，第2段主要介绍的是问题，而本题要求选择的是劳动力市场的问题，因此，定位段是第2段。第2段提到了社会统计数据没有考虑的因素有“数百万工资非常低但是属于充分就业的工人（fully employed workers whose wages are so low）”、“找不到全职工作，只有兼职工作的人（part-time working because of the inability to find fulltime wo

22、rk）”、“在劳动力市场之外，但想要一份工作的人（else outside the labor force but wanting a job）”等。由此可知，劳动力市场提供的工作岗位不足，其提供的有足够收入的工作岗位也不足，A选项“提供足够收入的工作岗位短缺”符合原文。【干扰项排除】B选项“劳动力培训不足”、C选项“商品生产者之间的贸易关系”、D选项“贫困的总体原因”原文并未提及，均属于无中生有。17. 【选项释义】The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that _. 作者对比了20世纪30年代和现在

23、，以表明_。A. more people were unemployed in the 1930s A. 20世纪30年代失业的人更多B. social programs are more needed now B. 现在更需要社会进步C. unemployment now has less severe effects C. 现在失业的影响没那么严重D. now there is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty D. 现在，贫困人口中老年人和残疾人的比例有所提高【考查点

24、】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关键词contrasts the 1930s with the present定位到原文第1段。本段第4句提到“今天的失业不会（does not have）像上世纪30年代那样带来可怕的后果（the same dire consequences）”，并介绍了当时的情况，由此可知，进行对比的目的是为了说明今天失业带来的影响没那么严重，C选项“现在失业的影响没那么严重”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“20世纪30年代失业的人更多”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“现在更需要社会进步”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“现在，贫困人口中老年人和残疾人

25、的比例有所提高”，可定位到原文第1段最后一句，该句提到“现在的统计的贫困人口中（Most of those counted）大多数是老年人、残疾人等”，原文并不是说现在这两类人更多了，而是说他们在统计的贫困人口中占比更多，该选项属于偷换概念。18. 【选项释义】Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author? 以下哪一项建议最好地回应了作者提出的问题？A. Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up

26、 to reduce the level of unemployment. A. 要通过多种途径建立创新方案，降低失业水平。B. A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view. B. 在那些认为失业是比经济控制更大的祸害的人和持相反观点的人之间，应该找到一种妥协。C. New statistical indices should b

27、e developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering. C. 应当制定新的统计指数，以衡量失业和报酬不足的就业造成痛苦的程度。D. Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure. D. 该考虑到统计数据是如何成为它们声称要

28、衡量的现象的部分原因的。【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】本题要求选出对作者提出的问题的建议，那么首先需要知道作者提出的问题是什么。本文的结构是“分分总”，围绕劳动力市场的问题，第1段说介绍“社会统计数字在一些方面夸大了（exaggerate）劳动力市场相关困难的程度”；第2段介绍“社会统计数据在一些方面也低估了（underestimate）困难的程度”；最后一段总述“现有的贫困、就业和收入统计数据（the existingstatistics）不足以（are inadequate for）用于衡量劳动力市场问题的后果”。由此可知，作者在本文中提出的问题是“现有的数据不足以衡量劳动力市场问题的后

29、果”；由第2段可知，劳动力市场的问题主要是“可提供的工作岗位不足；可提供的有足够报酬的工作岗位不足”。因此，C选项“应当制定新的统计指数，以衡量失业和报酬不足的就业造成痛苦的程度”是个可行的建议。【干扰项排除】A选项“要通过多种途径建立创新方案，降低失业水平”、B选项“在那些认为失业是比经济控制更大的祸害的人和持相反观点的人之间，应该找到一种妥协”、D选项“该考虑到统计数据是如何成为它们声称要衡量的现象的部分原因的”，都不是针对作者提出的问题提出的建议，与题干无关。19. 【选项释义】The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly

30、unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show that _. 作者引用那些一年中反复失业的人的目的很可能是为了表明_。A. there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor force A. 有几个因素导致某些劳动力的工资偏低B. unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from jobles

31、sness B. 失业统计数据可能低估了失业带来的困难C. recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and cause hardships for individual workers C. 劳动力市场上经常出现的不足对个体劳动者来说，可能会存在困难，或者可能给他们带来困难D. a majority of those who are jobless at any time does not suffer severe hardship D. 在任何时候，大多数失业的人并没有遭受严重的苦难【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】根据题干关

32、键词repeatedly unemployed定位到原文第2段第3句，该句提到“低工资（Low wages）和反复或长期失业（repeated or prolonged unemployment）经常相互作用，破坏了自给自足的能力。”并且在后面几句话中对反复失业进行了介绍。另外，第2段的第一句为本段的核心句，指出本段的主旨是“统计数据低估了劳动力市场问题的困难程度”。第3句提到的“低工资和反复或长期失业”是现有的失业统计数据没有考虑的因素，而它们又确实是劳动力市场存在的问题。因此，作者引用这些反复失业的例子应该是为本段的主旨服务的，B选项“失业统计数据可能低估了失业带来的困难”符合题意。【干扰

33、项排除】A选项“有几个因素导致某些劳动力的工资偏低”，低工资和反复失业是两个不同的问题，该选项不符合题意；C选项“劳动力市场上经常出现的不足对个体劳动者来说，可能会存在困难，或者可能给他们带来困难”，这是第2段介绍的反复或长期失业的人的困难本身，并不是作者引用的目的，该选项属于本末倒置；D选项“在任何时候，大多数失业的人并没有遭受严重的苦难”，原文说的是失业的人有困难，该选项表述错误，且不符合题意。20. 【选项释义】According to the text, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over-p

34、redict the amount of economic hardship is the _. 根据这篇文章，导致失业和收入数据高估经济困难程度的一个因素是_。A. recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low wage workers A. 一群低工资工人失业期的复发B. fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages B. 事实上，失业人数并不包括那些低工资的人C. establishment of a system of

35、 record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics C. 建立一个记录保存系统，使编纂贫困统计数据成为可能D. prevalence, of members of families in which others are employed D. 低收入工人和失业者普遍存在于其他家庭成员都有工作的家庭中【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词over-predict定位到原文第1段，本段介绍统计数据夸大了困难程度。本段最后两句提到“在数以百万计的时薪处于或低于最低工资水平的人中，绝大多数人都来自多收入者、

36、相对富裕的家庭”，“贫困统计中的大多数人都是老人或残疾人，或者有家庭责任，这使他们无法成为劳动力”。由此可知，统计数据统计的失业或贫困数据，包括了很大一部分家庭条件不错，只是自身失业或收入低的人，或者说包括一些由于自身原因本就不属于劳动力的人，这些人本不应该包括在失业或贫困数据内，这导致了数据高估了经济困难程度。因此，D选项“低收入工人和失业者普遍存在于其他家庭成员都有工作的家庭中”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“一群低工资工人失业期的复发”，是原文第2段介绍统计数据低估困难程度的因素，不符合题意；B选项“事实上，失业人数并不包括那些低工资的人”，也是原文第2段介绍统计数据低估困难程度的因素，

37、不符合题意；C选项“建立一个记录保存系统，使编纂贫困统计数据成为可能”，原文并未提及相关信息，该选项属于无中生有。3.单选题Film-makers work very closely with scientists whose work studying the complexity of animal lives is vital for wildlife conservation.问题1选项A.reservationB.utilizationC.dedicationD.protection【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. reservation 预订；保留地 B. utilization

38、 利用，使用C. dedication 奉献 D. protection 保护【考查点】名词辨析【解题思路】与原词搭配的是“野生动物”，原词conservation“保护”，指野生动物保护，D选项protection“保护”，与原词最接近。【干扰项排除】A选项reservation“预订；保留地”，与原词是形近词，但两者意义不同；B选项utilization“利用，使用”，没有依据，且利用野生动物，不符合语境；C选项dedication“奉献”，没有依据，且奉献野生动物，不搭配。【句意】电影制作人与科学家密切合作，这些科学家研究动物生活的复杂性，对野生动物保护至关重要。4.单选题During

39、pregnancy, the blood carries essential _ and oxygen to the developing baby and carries away waste.问题1选项A.nutrientsB.nuisanceC.initiativesD.ration【答案】A【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项nutrients“营养物；养分”；B选项nuisance“损害；麻烦事”；C选项initiatives“倡议”；D选项ration“配给量，定量”。句意：在怀孕期间，血液携带必要的_和氧气给发育中的婴儿，并带走废物。空格词与氧气并列，都是婴儿需要地东西，A选项nutr

40、ients“营养物；养分”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。5.翻译题The government is desperate to sell the most troubled of South Koreas big companies to foreigners. This, ministers believe, is the best way to accelerate the corporate restructuring begun in the wake of the Asian financial crisis in 1997, and to clear the way for

41、more sustainable economic growth. This week, after months of on-off talks with foreign suitors, the governments plans moved a big step forward, and then an equally big step back.【答案】政府急切地想把韩国处境最艰难的公司卖给外国人。官员们相信，这是加快自1997年金融危机开始的企业重组的最佳途径，也是为可持续的经济增长开辟道路的最佳途径。在与外国收购者进行了数月断断续续的谈判后，本周，政府的计划向前迈出了一大步，然后又

42、后退了一大步。6.单选题The use of force must always be a last _; discussing or promoting military options is unwise and may be counterproductive.问题1选项A.destinationB.resortC.electionD.mitigation【答案】B【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项destination“目的地，终点”；B选项resort“手段”；C选项election“选举；当选；选择权”；D选项mitigation“缓和；平静”。句意：使用武力必须永远是最后的_；讨论或

43、推动选择军事行动是不明智的，而且可能适得其反。根据后面一句，本句表达的是争取不使用武力，B选项resort“手段”最符合语境。注意C选项election没有“选择”的意思，不能选。因此，本题最佳选项为B。7.单选题As the core of the management board, he can always come up with _ ideas to promote the corporations marketing strategies.问题1选项A.integralB.instinctiveC.intangibleD.ingenious【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. int

44、egral 不可或缺的 B. instinctive 本能的C. intangible 难以理解的 D. ingenious 巧妙的【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是“主意（ideas）”，前文提到他是“管理委员会的核心”，后文提到这些主意“推动公司的营销战略”。由此推测，该词首先要能形容“主意”，并且这种主意有利于推动公司的营销，因此，D选项ingenious“巧妙的”符合原文语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项integral“不可或缺的”，可支持的语义不够，能够推动企业的营销并不能说明是“不可或缺”；B选项instinctive“本能的”，不符合原文语义衔接；C选项intang

45、ible“难以理解的”，不符合原文语义衔接。【句意】作为管理委员会的核心，他总能想出巧妙的点子来推动公司的营销战略。8.单选题We hope this radio will help overcome the _ felt during your stay in the hospital.问题1选项A.painB.lonelinessC.tediumD.nervousness【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. pain 疼痛 B. loneliness 孤独C. tedium 无聊 D. nervousness 紧张不安【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】句意：我们希望这台收音机能帮助你克服在医院期

46、间的_感受。根据句意，首先，空格处所填词是在医院住院的感受，其次，这种感受可以通过听收音机解决，C选项tedium“无聊”符合语境，住院是很无聊的，有收音机听就不无聊了。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原文语义逻辑。【句意】我们希望这台收音机能帮助你克服在医院期间的无聊。9.单选题A new technological process maybe employed to tap this abundant supply directly.问题1选项A.exploitB.searchC.produceD.reserve【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. exploit 开采 B. search

47、 搜索C. produce 生产 D. reserve 预订；储备【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】tap的主语是一种新工艺，宾语是这一丰富的资源，原词tap“利用，开发，发掘”，A选项exploit“开采”与原词最接近。【干扰项排除】B选项search“搜索”，与原词词义不相近；C选项produce“生产”，不符合原文语义逻辑，生产的宾语一般是产品，而原文的宾语属于原料；D选项reserve“预订；储备”，与原词词义不相近。【句意】也许可以采用一种新工艺直接开发这一丰富的资源。10.单选题Last years 800-odd events have mushroomed to more than

48、 2,100, and scores of elected and would-be elected officials, including presumptive Democratic presidential nominee John F. Kerry, have gone before the cameras to pay homage to the weeks healthcare theme.But some analysts wonder whether the lawmakers who are rolling out new proposals and recycling o

49、ld ones are more concerned about scoring political points than finding solutions to the problems generated by a fractured healthcare system.Despite the equally fervent declarations coming from every side that, as Sen. Olympia J. Snowe (R-Maine) said, “Now is not soon enough to get the job done,” fun

50、damental philosophical differencesas well as the war in Iraq, terrorism fears and the federal budget deficitwill continue to determine what, if anything, comes of all the talk.Across the country, groups from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce to the AFL-CIO, from the Southern Baptist Convention to the Isl

51、amic Society of North America, have sponsored workshops, town hall meetings and news conferences this week to call attention to the problems caused by rising healthcare costs and shrinking coverageand to demand government action.But in the nations capital, the policy proposals presented by separate

52、groups of Republican and Democratic lawmakers have almost nothing in common and come wrapped in political invective directed at the other side.For instance, Sen. Gordon Smith said Tuesday the key difference between the Republicans targeted, tax-based proposals and democratic bills to expand existing

53、 government programs was “the choice between superior healthcare for most Americans and finding ways to include the rest of the Americans, or mediocre healthcare for all Americans.”They include previous proposals, such as malpractice reform and tax credits, as well as a new plan to forgive some stud

54、ent loans for college graduates who invest in tax-free, high-deducible tax savings plans.A study released Monday by the Urban Institute, a social policy research organization in Washington, said that providing health insurance to those who lacked coverage would increase medical spending by $48 billi

55、on a year.Some analysts think growing public concern about cost, quality and availability of healthcare could force Washington to acteventually.26. Which of the following can be used as the title of the passage?27. According to this passage, Americans are facing _.28. The author writes this article

56、in order to _.29. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?30. What do the Americans need most for their healthcare according to this passage?问题1选项A.Healthcare Issues Attract Plenty of Talk but Little ActionB.The Republicans Targeted, Tax-Based ProposalsC.Democratic Bills Expand E

57、xisting Government ProgramsD.Concerns about Cost, Quality and Availability of Healthcare问题2选项A.providing health insurance to those who lacked coverageB.finding solutions to the problems brought about by a fractured healthcare systemC.rising healthcare cost but shrinking coverageD.the key difference

58、between the Republicans and the Democrats问题3选项A.arouse public attention to health issuesB.assist the governmentC.express the opinions of the poorD.provide health insurance问题4选项A.Many organizations have sponsored meetings to demand government action.B.Both elected and would-be elected officials are i

59、nterested in the topic of healthcare.C.Republicans and Democrats have fundamentally different policy proposals.D.Americans welcome the proposals generated by both parties.问题5选项A.Growing public concern about cost, quality and availability of healthcare.B.Ways to help the nations 44 million uninsured

60、to get health coverage.C.Government action to provide health insurance to those who lacked coverage.D.All the above.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】26. 主旨大意题。题干“下列最适合做本文标题的是哪一项？”首先，本文的主题是“医疗保健问题”，所以标题中应该出现相关字眼，排除B选项“共和党有针对性的基于税收的提案”、C选项“民主党的法案扩大了现有的政府项目”，两者都只是文中的某个细节；文章首段指出大选各方都关注“医疗保健问题”；第2段指出有人担心

61、这些人只是政治做秀而非真正想解决问题；第3-8段展开佐证他们并不是真正想解决问题；最后一段Some analysts think growing public concern about cost, quality and availability of healthcare could force Washington to acteventually.（一些分析人士认为，公众对医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性日益增长的担忧可能会迫使华盛顿最终采取行动。）由此可知，政府对于“医疗保健问题”尚未采取行动来解决。A选项“关于医疗保健问题，说得多做得少”符合原文；D选项“对医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性

62、的关注”，虽然在最后一段提到了，但全文并没有展开介绍公众“对医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性的关注”。因此，本题最佳选项为A。27. 判断推理题。题干“根据文章，美国人正面临_”，要根据全文主旨判断。原文第2段But some analysts wonder whether the lawmakers who are rolling out new proposals and recycling old ones are more concerned about scoring political points than finding solutions to the problems gene

63、rated by a fractured healthcare system.（但一些分析人士怀疑，那些推出新提案、重复使用旧提案的议员们，是否更关心的是在政治上得分，而不是为支离破碎的医疗体系带来的问题找到解决方案。）而文章第3-8段展开佐证他们并不是真正想解决问题，而最后一段指出公众对医疗保健的担忧可能会促使政府解决问题。由此可知，采取行动解决支离破碎的医疗体系带来的问题是美国人正面临的问题，B选项“寻找解决医疗保健系统分裂带来的问题的方法”符合原文。A选项“为那些没有医疗保险的人提供医疗保险”，可定位到原文倒数第2段A studysaid that providing health insurance to those who lacked coverage would increase