考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考前自测提分卷87(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to

2、account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attract

3、ive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.【答案】虽然魅力对于男性晋升是一个积极因素，但对女性却是不利因素。人们认为英俊的男性高管要比相貌平平的男性更正直;而且认为他们付出的努力和自身的能力使得他们成功。有魅力的女性高管却被

4、认为没有无吸引力的高管正直，她们取得成功不是归因于能力，而是运气等因素。所有无魅力的女高管要比有魅力的要正直，也更有能力。有趣的是，尽管如此，与有吸引力的女高管一夜取得成功相比，越来越多的无吸引力的女高管更多地因人际关系，较少因能力而获得成功。2.单选题Any earthquake that takes place in any area is certainly regarded as a kind of a （ ） event.问题1选项A.cholesterolB.charcoalC.catastrophicD.chronic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。cholesterol胆固醇

5、;charcoal 木炭，炭笔：chronic 慢性的，长期的；catastrophic 灾难的，悲惨的。地震显然是一种自然灾害。故C项正确。句意：在任何地区发生的任何地震都被认为是一种灾难事件。3.单选题Joseph Weizenbaum, professor of computer science at MIT, thinks that the sense of power over the machine ultimately corrupts the computer hacker and makes him into a not very desirable sort of prog

6、rammer. 34. The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they dont bother trying to make it understandable to other users. They rarely keep records of their programs for the benefit of others, and they rarely take time t

7、o understand why a problem occurred.Computer science teachers say they can usually pick out the prospective hackers in their courses because these students make their homework assignments more complex than they need to be. Rather than using the simplest and most direct method, they take joy in addin

8、g extra steps just to prove their ingenuity.But perhaps those hackers know something that we dont know about the shape of things to come. That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of the computer industry, says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And tw

9、o former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.”When seen in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. If, as many psychiatrists say, play is really the basis for all human activity, then the hacker games are really the preparation

10、for future developments. Sherry Turkle, a professor of sociology at MIT, has for years been studying the way computers fit into peoples lives. She points out that the computer, because it seems to us to be so “intelligent”，so “capable”，so “human”，affects the way we think about ourselves and our idea

11、s about what we are. She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in childrens efforts to develop an identity by allowing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not.“The youngsters can form as many subtle nuances （细微差距）and textured relationships with the compu

12、ters as they can with people.” Turkle points out.1. The passage tells about（ ）.2. According to Prof. Weizenbaum, what led to the hackers strange behavior is（ ）.3. In Prof. Dertouzos opinion, we know that（ ）.4. The phrase “to develop an identity” （Para.4） means （ ）.5. The passage tries to convey to i

13、ts readers the idea that（ ）.问题1选项A.the strange behavior of the computer hackersB.the ultimate importance of bringing lip computer hackersC.different opinions concerning the hacker phenomenonD.the emergence of computer hackers问题2选项A.their strong desire to control the computerB.their ignorance of the

14、responsibility of a programmerC.their incompetence in making new computer programsD.their deliberate attempts to make their programs complex and impracticable问题3选项A.computer industry will certainly make multimillionaires of the hackersB.the hackers are likely to be very successful businessmenC.the h

15、ackers probably have better insight into the future than other peopleD.only a few hackers will be successful in their later life问题4选项A.to become distinguishedB.to seek an answerC.to build up a creative abilityD.to form a habit问题5选项A.perhaps the hacker phenomenon is not bad at allB.though the hackers

16、 are in fact playing with the computer, there may be some benefitsC.the computer hackers are the hope of the computer industry of tomorrowD.the computer hackers could be useful if under proper guidance【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了不同人士（Joseph，电脑老师等）对黑客的看法，故C项正确。2.推理判断题。由“When seen

17、in this light, the hacker phenomenon may not be so strange after all. 从这个角度来看，黑客现象也许并没有那么奇怪。可知该题答案在第三段可以找到。由第三段But perhaps those hackers know something that we dont know about the shape of things to come. That hacker who had to be literally dragged off his chair at MIT is now a multimillionaire of t

18、he computer industry, says MIT professor Michael Dertouzos. “And two former hackers became the founders of the highly successful Apple home computer company.但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。麻省理工学院教授迈克尔德图佐斯表示: “在麻省理工学院，那个曾经不得不被人从椅子上拽下来的黑客，如今已成为计算机行业的千万富翁。”两位前黑客成为了非常成功的苹果家用电脑公司的创始人。”可知这些黑客都成为了计算机行业的顶级成功人士，他们都是想控制电

19、脑。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第三段“But perhaps those hackers know something that we dont know about the shape of things to come. 但也许这些黑客知道一些我们不知道的事情。”可知C项“这些黑客可能对于未来比其他人有更好的洞察力”正确。4.词义题。由第四段“She says that computers and computer toys already play an important role in childrens efforts to develop an identity by all

20、owing them to test ideas about what is alive and what is not. 她说，电脑和电脑玩具已经在孩子们努力发展特性的过程中发挥了重要作用，因为它们可以让孩子们测试关于什么是有生命的想法。故to develop an identity是指孩子通过寻找答案来发展自己的特性。故B项正确。5.推理判断题。作者在本文提到了黑客有着与普通人不一样的洞察力，他们会把程序编得很复杂，目的只是为了控制电脑。并且文中提到了不少黑客已经成为计算机行业的顶级成功人士。所以本文提到的黑客与大家眼中的黑客形象有出入，文中描绘的黑客形象并没有那么恶劣。故A项正确。4.单

21、选题The former president is to verify at a human rights court heating cases of atrocities.问题1选项A.testifyB.provideC.conformD.supply【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。testify证明，证实；provide提供；conform使遵守，使一致；supply提供。句意：这位前总统将在人权法庭对暴行案件进行核实。故A项正确。5.单选题What he said in the meeting （ ） everybody present.问题1选项A.disgustedB.dismis

22、sedC.disposedD.disabled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。disgust“使厌恶，使作呕”；dismiss“解散，解雇”；dispose“处理，处置”；disable“使失去能力”。句意：他在会议上说的话使在场的每个人都（ ）。只有A项符合句意。6.单选题Nobody knows（ ） how many people are to be blame for the coal-mine accident, so the government is trying to find out the whole truth about the accident.问题1选项A.inwa

23、rdlyB.honestlyC.cleverlyD.precisely【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。inwardly“向内地，在内部”；honestly“真诚地，公正地”；cleverly“聪明地”；precisely“精确地，恰恰”。句意：没有人（ ）知道有多少人要为煤矿事故负责，所以政府正尝试查明整个事故的全部真相。由后半句“政府决定查明整个事情的真相”可推知没有人非常准确地知道这个事故。故D项符合句意。7.单选题We all know that people who cannot （ ）between colors are said to be color-blind.问题1选项A.d

24、istinctB.distinctionC.distinguishD.distinctive【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。distinct “明显的； 独特的”；distinction “区别；差别； distinguish “区分；辨别”；distinctive “有特 色的；与众不同的”。 who cannot后面需要接动词，故C项正确。句意：我们大家都知道不能辨别颜色的人就是色盲。8.单选题（ ）, over the months, we began to get to know him.问题1选项A.Once in a whileB.From time to timeC.Every

25、 now and thenD.Little by little【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。once in a while“偶尔，有时”；from time to time“不时，有时”；every now and then“不时地，常常”；little by little“渐渐，逐渐地”。句意：经过几个月时间，我们渐渐地了解了他。由over the months,以及began to know可知D项“渐渐地”符合题意。9.单选题I was totally mixed up by his（ ） and ambiguous remarks.问题1选项A.ubiquitousB.unsettl

26、edC.elusiveD.daring【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。ubiquitous“普遍存在的”;unsettled“未决定的; 怀疑的”; elusive“难懂的；难以捉摸的；易忘的”; daring“大胆的；勇敢的”。句意：我完全被他的难以琢磨的和模棱两可的话搞糊涂了。由连词and可知空格处所填词与ambiguous remarks词义相近，故C项正确。10.单选题Eating more nutritious food than is needed doesnt make it function better（ ） overfilling the tank makes a car move faster.问题1选项A.not more thanB.less thanC.no more thanD.any more than【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。not more than不超过，至多，不比更； no more than只是，仅仅，同样不；less than 比少；any more than至多，仅仅。句意：吃过多超出身体需要的营养品并不会使身体更好，就如同给油箱加过多的油来使其快速前进一样。C项符合题意。