考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷39（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题As online computer systems become more popular, televisions and computers are increasingly ( ) . Such technologies combine the capabilities of computers, television etc., and greatly expand the services that can be provided.

2、问题1选项A.separatedB.segregatedC.integratedD.intersected【答案】C【解析】separated分开，隔开；segregated隔离，分离； integrated结合； intersected分割。句意：随着在线计算机系统变得越来越流行，电视和计算机日益融合。这些技术结合了计算机、电视等的功能，极大地扩展了所能提供的服务。选项C符合句意。2.单选题We are（ ）to the idea, but we doubt whether the time is ripe to put it into force.问题1选项A.equalB.adequat

3、eC.considerateD.sympathetic【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。be equal to等于，相当于；be adequate to胜任，适合 ；be considerate to对体贴；be sympathetic to赞成。句意：我们赞同这一想法，但我们怀疑实施这一想法的时机是否成熟。选项D符合句意。3.单选题The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world , has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought th

4、e whole world to the brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its（1）of more cars, more highways , more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has（2）to the near-destruction of our cities, and the pollution not only of（3）air , but also of the earth satmosphere. The disaster ha

5、s arrived in the（4）of the energy crisis.Our present（5）is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources（6） and energy use have brought us to a state（7）long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our pre

6、sent serious state, which（8） the future of our country, our children, and our earth,（9）a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of（10） . There is a strong demand for moral

7、 revival and（11）some devotion that is vast enough and yet（12）enough to enlist the devolution of all. In the past it has been only in a war in（13）of their own country（14）any people have been able to（15）themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we

8、 hold dear in（16）with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who（17）with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a（18）need to reassess our present course, and to（19）new methods through which the world can survive. This is priceless（20）.问题1选项A.manufactureB.increaseC.pre

9、senceD.expansion问题2选项A.attributedB.contributedC.amountedD.brought问题3选项A.urbanB.ruralC.localD.downtown问题4选项A.formB.caseC.eventD.course问题5选项A.surroundingB.environmentC.circumstanceD.situation问题6选项A.exploitationB.explorationC.explosionD.exposition问题7选项A.thatB.whyC.whenD.where问题8选项A.influencesB.endanger

10、sC.restrainsD.transforms问题9选项A.butB.yetC.orD.and问题10选项A.responsibilityB.conscienceC.moralityD.dedication问题11选项A.ofB.byC.withD.for问题12选项A.personalB.collectiveC.compulsoryD.unanimous问题13选项A.protectionB.defenseC.rescueD.maintenance问题14选项A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what问题15选项A.engageB.donateC.sacrificeD.devote问题

11、16选项A.comparisonB.accordanceC.cooperationD.connection问题17选项A.regulateB.exhaustC.dominateD.share问题18选项A.mutualB.commonC.universalD.general问题19选项A.deviseB.alterC.initiateD.modify问题20选项A.challengeB.opportunityC.attemptD.notion【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:A第13题:B第14题

12、:C第15题:D第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:B【解析】（1）根据原文：汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤，已经导致了我们城市几乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（2）contributed to导致；attributed to归因于；amounted总计。句意：所有的这些因素导致了城市的近乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（3）根据原文：不仅污染了当地的空气，而且污染了地球的大气层。选项C包括了其他三个选项，所以更符合原文。（4）in the form of以的形式。这里指这场灾难以能源危机的形式出现。（5）surrounding

13、环境，周围的食物；environment多指自然环境；circumstance境遇；situation情形，情况。句意：我们现在的情况不同于战争、革命或萧条。选项D更符合原文。（6）exploitation开发，开采；exploration探测；explosion爆炸，爆发；exposition展览会。根据原文，这里应该指对资源的开采，选项A正确。（7）先行词是state，where在这里引导主语从句，修饰state。（8）influences影响；endangers 危及；restrains限制；transforms变换，变形。根据原文，这里指由于资源和能源的过度使用，这种状态已经危及到了国

14、家、儿童以及地球的未来，所以选项B正确。（9）根据原文：我们需要的不是继续我们目前严重的状态，而是朝着一种新的规范前进，以便迅速和有效地解决问题。根据上下文可知，这里为转折的关系。选项A符合句意。（10）responsibility责任，义务；conscience良心，道德心；morality道德，美德；dedication奉献。根据原文，这个国家在道德丧失的持续暴露下一直在倒退。选项C符合原文。（11）根据句意可知，and连接并列句，前面是demand for，后面也应该填介词for。（12）personal个人的，亲自的；collective集体的，共同的；compulsory必修的，强制

15、的；unanimous全体一致的。（13）in defense of country保卫国家，为固定搭配。（14）这里为强调句，所以用that引导，不充当任何成分。（15）根据原文：在过去，只有在保卫自己的国家的战争中，任何人都能全心全意地献身于自己的国家。选项D符合原文。（16）comparison比较；accordance一致，和谐；connection连接，关系；in cooperation with与合作。句意：这是我们第一次被要求与地球上所有其他居民合作，保卫我们自己和我们珍视的东西。选项C符合句意。（17）share with sb. 与共享，共同拥有。句意：这些居民与我们共享着同

16、样濒危的空气和同样濒危的海洋。只有选项D能与介词with搭配。（18）mutual彼此的，相互的；universal普遍的；general一般的。这里指共同的需要。（19）devise设计，想出；alter改变；initiate发起，创始；modify修改。想出新的方法。选项A符合原文。（20）challenge 挑战；opportunity 机会，时机；attempt 企图，尝试；notion概念。这是一个无价的机会。选项B符合原文。4.单选题It might be supposed that greater efficiency could be achieved if several p

17、eople worked together to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it.Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there are conflicts arising among members of a group. Problem solving needs the presence of an effective leader who not only prov

18、ides direction, but also permits the orderly, constructive expression of different opinions; much of the leaders effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group.Although groups may reach a greater number of correct

19、 solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone.In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of. Theoretically these unrestricted

20、 suggestions increase the probability that at least some better solutions will appear. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve pr

21、oblems more effectively than a competent individual does. Group members may contribute different resources to a solution that no individual can achieve alone. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making national economic or military policies under the governm

22、ents. When only one among several solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.1.In a group, problem solving needs（ ）.2.According to the author, it is easier for groups to reach（ ） .3.The author think

23、s that unrestricted suggestions can bring about（ ）.4.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in（ ）.5.According to the author, which of the following statement is TRUE?问题1选项A.the presence of an effective leaderB.the best way to collect resourcesC.everyone to work harderD.m

24、ore funds问题2选项A.mistakes they want to makeB.the place which they want to goC.the place where they want to restD.a greater number of correct solutions问题3选项A.some troubleB.some better solutionsC.some more timeD.some more effort问题4选项A.discussing directionsB.correcting mistakesC.dealing with national pr

25、oblemsD.finding a problem问题5选项A.A group of people may solve problems more effectively than an individual.B.The efficiency of a group is worst in the world.C.A group will not be efficient in dealing with national policies.D.Effective leaders often solve the problems themselves.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:

26、C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problem solving needs the presence of an effective leader . of different opinions.”解决问题需要一个有效的领导者，他不仅提供解决问题的方向，而且允许有序地、建设性地表达不同意见。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第三段可知，团队可能会更容易找到很多解决问题的正确方案。选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第五段第二句“Group members may contribute different resources to a solution that no

27、individual can achieve alone.”。选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第三句“Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making national economic or military policies under the governments.”有时，社会需求可能需要就一个问题达成集体协议，例如在政府领导下制定国家经济或军事政策。由此推断，在处理国家问题时，团队将会更有效率，选项C符合原文。5.细节判断题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要强

28、调的是团队合作而不是个人能力，所以只有选项A正确，其他选项均不正确。5.单选题Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious（1） to how they can best（2） such changes. Growing bodies need movement and（3）, but not just in ways that emphasize com

29、petition. （4）they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the（5）that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are（6）by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle i

30、s already filled with so much competition that it would be（7）to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, （8）, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, （9）student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide （10）opportun

31、ities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful（11）dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the（12）of some kind of organization with a supportive adult（13）visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the y

32、oung teens have（14）attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized（15）participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to（16）else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants（17）. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. （18）the

33、y can help students acquire a sense of commitment by（19）for roles that are within thei（20）and their attention spans and by shaving clearly stated rules.问题1选项A.thoughtB.ideaC.opinionD.advice问题2选项A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enhance问题3选项A.careB.nutritionC.exerciseD.leisure问题4选项A.IfB.AlthoughC

34、.WhereasD.Because问题5选项A.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.tolerance问题6选项A.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassed问题7选项A.improperB.riskyC.fairD.wise问题8选项A.in effectB.as a resultC.for exampleD.in a sense问题9选项A.displayingB.describingC.creatingD.exchanging问题10选项A.durableB.excessiveC.surplusD.multiple问题11选项

35、A.groupB.individualC.personnelD.corporation问题12选项A.consentB.insuranceC.admissionD.security问题13选项A.particularlyB.barelyC.definitelyD.rarely问题14选项A.similarB.longC.differentD.short问题15选项A.if onlyB.now thatC.so thatD.even if问题16选项A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something问题17选项A.offB.downC.outD.alone问题1

36、8选项A.On the contraryB.On the averageC.On the wholeD.On the other hand问题19选项A.makingB.standingC.planningD.taking问题20选项A.capabilitiesB.responsibilitiesC.proficiencyD.efficiency【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:D第8题:C第9题:A第10题:D第11题:A第12题:D第13题:B第14题:D第15题:C第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:C第20题:A【解析】（1）give

37、 serious thought to为常用搭配，意为认真考虑。（2）根据原文句意，教师应该关注的是如何能够使他们（青少年）很好地适应这些变化。选项B符合句意。（3）and连接并列句，前后意思相近。所以选项C更符合原文。句意：成长中的身体需要运动和锻炼。（4）根据句意，青少年正在适应新的身体状况，面临着心智和情感方面的诸多挑战，他们的自我意识很强。显然这之间不是条件或转折关系，而是一个因果关系。because表示原因，引导原因状语从句。（5）根据原文，获得成功之后，我们常常得到的是信心，所以选项C正确。（6）claimed索取，主张；admired羡慕，赞美；ignored忽视；surpass

38、ed超过。句意：青少年需要自信，自信来自成功，也来自知道他们的成绩受到别人的赞美。选项B符合句意。（7）根据原文：然而，青少年的生活本身就已经充满了这么多的竞争，那么，安排胜者多败者少的活动将会是明智的，因为这能提高他们的自信心。所以选项D符合原文。（8）根据下文可以推断是对胜者多败者少这个活动进行具体的例证，所以选项C正确。in a sense在某种意义上，不符合原文。（9）考查动宾搭配。展览学生的作品。选项A正确。（10）durable耐用的，持久的；excessive过分的，过度的；surplus过剩的；multiple多种多样的。根据原文，各种各样的小型俱乐部可以提供多种多样的机会。选

39、项D符合句意。（11）根据前面的club可知，这里应该为团体活动。选项A符合原文。（12）根据原文句意：交朋友对青少年非常重要，许多腼腆的学生都需要某种团体所提供的安全感。选项D符合原文。（13）来自于背后的支持，那么就是几乎看不见的。用barely修饰，表示几乎不。选项B符合句意。（14）根据下文的“participants can remain active as long as they want.”使参与者能保持活跃的心态，由此推断，青少年的注意力很短。选项D符合原文。（15）根据原文：应该组织各种各样的活动，以便让参与者能尽可能长时间地保持活跃。So that表目的，符合原文。（16

40、）anything用于疑问句和否定句中；something else别的事情。根据原文：应该组织各种各样的活动，以便让参与者保持活跃，然后转而参与其他活动。选项D正确。（17）let off放下，宽恕；let sb. down为固定搭配，意为使沮丧；let out泄露；let alone听任，不打扰。句意：既不会让他们感到内疚，又不会让别的参与者失望。B选项符合原文。（18）On the contrary相反；On the average平均来说，一般地；On the whole总的来说，大体上；On the other hand另一方面。根据上下文：这并不意味着成年人不负责任，（ ），他们可

41、以帮助学生获得一种责任感。两句形成对比，选项A正确。（19）根据原文：他们可以通过角色帮助学生获得一种责任感。 make for 向方向走；stand for 代表，表示；plan for 为做计划，在这里指策划创造一些（合适的）角色；take for 误以为，把看作选项C符合原文。（20）roles that are within their capabilities指“他们力所能及的任务”。6.单选题The character of European education demands that the student develop （1 ） and social individuali

42、ty. The American student is given a choice between relying on himself （2 ） on others.Scholastically, the fundamental difference is between the European lecture system and the American discussion system. The European system is both the strength and the limit of European education. The strength is the

43、 challenge（3 ）the student to rely on himself; the system imposes a limit because it is（4 ）, and at times even cruelly, qualitative: only a few are able to survive.A second difference is the American campus, a term which has no（5 ）in Europe. There, the campus is formed （6 ）by the various classrooms,

44、faculty offices and laboratories. No extracurricular activities are carried on. The students and the professors go to the universities when they have classes and leave as soon as they are（7 ） The European universities provide no social life; on the （8 ）, it creates an asocial atmosphere. The student

45、 （9 ） never organizes campus activities: everything is left to the（10 ） of the individual students.In the （11） of these considerations, I think I can answer the challenge of that pretty coed, though my answer is bound to be incomplete. My_（12） to the American educational system are two. The first（13

46、）American students. What（14） me most about them is their conformity and their fear of （15）. Perhaps campus life （16） by necessity to conformity. Almost every student belongs to at least two organizations. What is the（17） of this associative mania,（18）not the basic to be supported by people who think

47、_（19） and sympathize with the same idea? Nobody likes being alone, but it seems to me that American students like（20）too much.问题1选项A.intellectualB.intangibleC.inquisitiveD.ingenious问题2选项A.andB.orC.fromD.with问题3选项A.ofB.toC.forD.with问题4选项A.strictlyB.vigorouslyC.rigorousD.rigid问题5选项A.equationB.equalC.e

48、quatorD.equivalent问题6选项A.exceptionallyB.exclusivelyC.extraordinarily.D.extensively问题7选项A.awayB.outC.overD.in问题8选项A.contraryB.oppositionC.contrastD.conversation问题9选项A.bodyB.unityC.structureD.constitution问题10选项A.creativeB.initiativeC.originalD.imaginative问题11选项A.lightB.accordanceC.correspondenceD.virt

49、ue问题12选项A.reactionsB.respondsC.repliesD.reflections问题13选项A.involvesB.concernsC.includesD.relates问题14选项A.appealedB.solicitedC.struckD.astounded问题15选项A.dependenceB.desolationC.relianceD.isolation问题16选项A.contendsB.intendsC.attendsD.tends问题17选项A.reasonB.excuseC.backgroundD.cause问题18选项A.whetherB.butC.ifD

50、.as问题19选项A.likelyB.alikeC.likelihoodD.like问题20选项A.companionB.fellowshipC.mateD.company【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:A第10题:B第11题:A第12题:A第13题:A第14题:C第15题:D第16题:D第17题:D第18题:B第19题:B第20题:A【解析】（1）intellectual智力的，聪明的；intangible无形的，难以理解的；inquisitive好奇的，好问的；ingenious精致的，心灵手巧的。句意：欧洲教育的特点要求学生

51、发展智力和社会个性。选项A符合原文。（2）根据句意：美国学生可以选择依靠自己或者依靠别人。选项B符合句意。（3）根据原文句意：力量是学生依靠自己的挑战。（4）strictly严格的；vigorously活泼的，精力旺盛的；rigorous严厉的，严酷的； rigid严格的，僵硬的。根据下文：这个体系有时甚至是残酷地定性的：只有少数能够生存下来。cruelly为副词，相应的，前面也应该填入副词，一起修饰形容词qualitative，所以选项A正确。（5）根据句子结构可知填空处应为名词。equation等式；equal对手；equator赤道；equivalent等价物。句意：这一术语在欧洲没有相

52、对应的词。选项D符合原文。（6）exceptionally异常地，特殊地；exclusively唯一地，专有地；extraordinarily非常，格外地；extensively广阔地。句意：在那里，校园仅仅由各种教室、教师办公室和实验室组成。表示其单一性，选项B符合原文。（7）根据原文：学生和教授有课的时候就去学校，课程一结束就离开。选项C符合句意。（8）on the contrary为固定搭配，表示相反的。根据句意：欧洲的大学不提供社会生活；相反，它创造了一种社会氛围。（9）student body指全体学生，是学生的总称。（10）根据原文：一切都在于学生自己主动。选项B符合句意。（11）

53、In the light of为固定搭配，意为根据，按照，由于。选项A符合句意。（12）这里指我对美国教育体制的反应。选项A符合原文。（13）involves涉及；concerns关注；includes包括；relates通常与介词to搭配。句意：第一个涉及美国的学生。选项A符合句意。（14）appealed吸引；solicited请求；struck打击；astounded使震惊。句意：最让我感到震惊的是他们的顺从和。选项C和D都有震惊的意思，但astounded的主语应该在前面，sb. astounded，所以选项C正确。（15）desolation废墟，荒芜；isolation孤立。原文应

54、该指对孤立感到恐惧。选项D符合句意。（16）tends to趋向于。句意：也许校园生活必然趋于一致。选项D符合原文。（17）根据原文：这种联想狂热的原因是什么。cause表原因，符合原文。（18）but not指绝不是，除了之外。句意：但绝不是那些想法相同或者同情相同想法的人所支持的基础。（19）根据句中的the same idea可知，这里应该指想法相同，think alike符合句意。（20）根据原文：没有人喜欢独处，但在我看来，美国学生太喜欢 了。companion指同伴，朋友，符合原文。Fellowship指友谊，奖学金； mate指助手，同事；company公司，同伴。7.单选题No

55、body yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will（ ）down the economy.问题1选项A.putB.settleC.dragD.knock【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。put down放下；settle down安居，安定下来；drag down向下拖，其比喻义为：使衰弱，拖垮；knock down击倒，拆卸。句意：没人知道金融体系的动荡会拖垮经济多长时间、有多严重。根据how long and how seriously可知，选项C更符合语境。8.单选题At

56、all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. “We are largely the playthings of our fears,” wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. “To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a

57、 fifth, of lonelinessfor all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place.”Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-produ

58、cing adrenaline （ 肾上激素）are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight （逃离）. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the dang

59、er at hand that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out wi