考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷36（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、

2、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。【答案】In 1978, our Party convened the third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC with great historical significance, opening a new historical period of reform and opening up. Since then, the Ch

3、inese Communists and the Chinese people, with their indomitable spirit of enterprise and great innovation and practice, have written a new epic of perseverance and fortitude for the Chinese nation. Historic changes have taken place in the face of the Chinese people, socialist China and the Communist

4、 Party of China. Reform and opening up is a great new revolution that the Party is leading the people to carry out in the new era. Its purpose is to liberate and develop the productive forces, modernize the country, enrich the Chinese people and revitalize the great Chinese nation.2.翻译题An unremarked

5、 consequence of our new information ageone that will influence readers, writers, and publishers in the futureis that bad writing, chat speak, text, millions of message board posts that come from and lead nowhere, are having a cheapening effect on all written content. Editors and news directors today

6、 fret about the Internet as their predecessors worried about radio and TV, and all now see the huge threat the Web represents to the way they distribute their product.The idea that the practice and craft of writing can simply retool itself for the digital age overlooks the fact that the Web is givin

7、g rise to totally unique forms of expression, a writing that is different from the kind traditionally found in books.For lovers of literary writing, who are now watching the marketplace and Internet erode the remains of nineteenth-century print culture, these assurances may not be particularly conso

8、ling. We have no choice but to accept them. Arguing against the forces of digitalization is as much a losing battle as cursing the coming of the evening tide.But before we invest ourselves too deeply in this future, consider this: If new technologies expose the biases inherent in print and text, so

9、the converse is true as well. Coding skills are highly marketable in the twenty-first century. We, as a civilization, are duty-bound to encourage technological know-how.However, before we make the mistake of convincing ourselves that a knack for writing software is more valuable than the ability to

10、simply write well, we might consider looking anew at the souvenir that is the book. One day, computer programsthese objects of our fascination and frustrationwill learn to write themselves. And well be left with our ideas, however grand or shallow.【答案】信息新时代有一个不太会引人注意的后果，那就是蹩脚的写作。闲聊也好，文本也好，还有留言板上不计其数

11、的跟帖都来无踪去无影，使文字内容大打折扣，对未来的读者、作者和编辑都将产生很大影响。今天的编辑和新闻主管为因特网而苦恼不已，恰如其前辈们担心收音机和电视那样（会抢他们的饭碗）。他们都认为网络形成的巨大威胁会影响自己产品的销路。有一种观念认为，写作练习及技巧完全可重振写作，以适应数字时代。这种观点忽视了这样一种事实：网络正在引发一些非常独特的表达形式，这种写作完全不同于常见的传统书本模式。对喜爱文学写作、正目睹图书市场和因特网侵蚀十九世纪印刷文化残余的人而言，这些断言可能并不怎么令人宽慰。但除了接受，我们别无选择。与数字化势力抗辩无疑是一场必败之仗，就如同诅咒晚潮的到来一样徒劳。但在尚未过深卷入

12、前，我们不妨考虑一下：如果说新技术暴露了印刷和文本的固有偏见，那么反过来也可以说，书面文字极其适合揭示数字时代的短视。编码技术在21世纪极为畅销。随着文明的发展，我们应义不容辞地鼓励掌握技术诀窍。然而，要是以为编写软件的诀窍比流畅写作的能力更有价值，那就错了。在尚未犯错之前，我们或许有必要重新审视一下历史的纪念品书籍。有朝一日，电脑编程这一既让人着迷又令人失望的东西将学会自己编程。而我们的思想会被弃之一旁宏观高论也好，肤浅短见也罢。3.单选题Adverse circumstances compelled him to close his business.问题1选项A.unfamiliarB.

13、localC.unfavorableD.good【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：环境迫使他关闭了生意。A选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的，没有经验的”；B选项local“当地的，局部的”；C选项unfavorable“不利的，不宜的”；D选项good“好的”。根据下文的“close his business”可知，肯定是不好的环境导致他停业， adverse意为“不利的”，选项C与之意思相近。4.单选题Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had e

14、ver heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were n

15、ot sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.Tea remained scarce and

16、very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.At the same time people on the Continent we

17、re becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a

18、 great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening. No one ever thought o

19、f drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four oclock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.1.Which of the following is true of th

20、e introduction of tea into Britain?2.This passage mainly discusses（ ）.3.Tea became a popular drink in Britain（ ）.4.People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because（ ）.5.We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly due to the influence of （ ）.问题1选项A.The Brit

21、ons got expensive tea from India.B.Tea reached Britain from Holland.C.The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.D.It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.问题2选项A.the history of tea drinking in BritainB.how tea became a popular drink in BritainC.how the Britons got t

22、he habit of drinking teaD.how tea-time was born问题3选项A.in eighteenth centuryB.in sixteenth centuryC.in seventeenth centuryD.in the late seventeenth century问题4选项A.it tasted like milkB.it tasted more pleasantC.it became a popular drinkD.people tried to copy the way Madame de Servinge drank tea问题5选项A.a

23、famous French ladyB.the ancient ChineseC.the upper social classD.people in Holland【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据第一段第三句“It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. 茶叶在商店里买不到，甚至那些买得

24、起的人也是从荷兰寄过来，只是因为这是一件时髦的珍品。”由此可知，茶叶是从荷兰进入英国的，所以选项B正确。2.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文前半部分讨论了英国人对茶的引进和认识，后半部分讲到了英国人对茶的喜爱，所以总的来说，这篇文章主要是讨论了英国人喝茶的历史。选项A最能概括全文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的首句“At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. 与此同时，（欧洲）大陆上的人们越来越喜欢茶。”这里的时间即上一段提及的17世纪，所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据第

25、三段的最后两句“Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England 因为她是如此伟大的一位女士，她的朋友们认为他们必须模仿她做的每件事，所以他们喝茶的时候也加牛奶。慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国”由此可知，欧洲人之所以喝加了牛奶的茶，是模仿Madame de Servinge夫人喝茶的

26、方式，选项D符合原文。5.判断推理题。题干问的是“英国人喝茶的习惯主要是受什么的影响？”根据上一题可知，英国人喝茶的习惯主要是受到一位法国夫人的影响，所以选项A正确。5.单选题Though the number of the upper class is a mere one third of the population, they make up at least 25 percent of the nations wealth. This class has two parts: upper-upper and lower-upper.（1）, the upper-upper class

27、 is the “old rich”families that have been wealthy for several generationsa nobility of（2）and wealth. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, and the Vanderbilts. Most are not（3）to the general public. They have no（4）to the rest of the community,（5）their income from the investment

28、 of their inherited wealth. By（6）, the lower-upper class is the “new rich”. （7）they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have been（8）to make their money like（9）else beneath their class.（10）their status is generally（11）than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to

29、lift a finger to make their money, and who（12）to look down upon the new rich. However its wealth is（13）, the upper class is very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to（14）an interest in the arts and to（15）rare books and paintings. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive

30、 social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind, all of which keeps them so（16）from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be（17）of being members of a class. They also（18）an enormous amount of power and influence her

31、e and abroad, as they（19）many top government positions. Their actions（20）the lives of millions.问题1选项A.ConsequentlyB.AccordinglyC.RegularlyD.Basically问题2选项A.beginningB.birthC.infancyD.foundation问题3选项A.visibleB.noticeableC.obviousD.apparent问题4选项A.contactB.associationC.communicationD.relation问题5选项A.pul

32、lingB.abstractingC.drawingD.making问题6选项A.comparisonB.contrastC.contraryD.difference问题7选项A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.ThereforeD.However问题8选项A.greedyB.indifferentC.sympatheticD.depressed问题9选项A.nobodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.anybody问题10选项A.ThenB.ButC.ThusD.Whereas问题11选项A.superiorB.inferiorC.higherD.lower问题12选项A

33、.wantB.selectC.hateD.tend问题13选项A.retainedB.benefitedC.acquiredD.rewarded问题14选项A.reproduceB.yieldC.cultivateD.rear问题15选项A.collectB.gatherC.assembleD.accumulate问题16选项A.distantB.farC.separateD.remote问题17选项A.doubtfulB.consciousC.sensitiveD.sensible问题18选项A.demandB.controlC.directD.command问题19选项A.seizeB.a

34、buseC.holdD.sustain问题20选项A.attractB.affectC.effectD.incline【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:C第11题:D第12题:D第13题:C第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:B【解析】1.考查副词辨析。A选项Consequently “因此，结果”；B选项Accordingly“于是，相应地”；C选项Regularly“定期地”；D选项Basically“主要地，基本上”。结合上下文语境“这个阶层可以分为两部分：上上层和下层

35、。上上阶层主要是老一辈就已经富起来的人”，选项D符合原文语境。2.考查名词辨析。A选项beginning“开始”；B选项birth“出身”；C选项infancy“初期，幼年”；D选项foundation“基础”。根据原文可知，这里是说那些家庭富裕的人出身也很高贵，所以选项B符合语境。3.考查形容词辨析。A选项visible “明显的，看得见的”；B选项noticeable“显著的”；C选项obvious“平淡无奇的”；D选项apparent“显然的，表面上的”。根据下文“他们和社区的人基本没什么联系”，由此可知，这些富裕家庭公众是看不到的，所以选项A符合语境。4.考查固定搭配。have no

36、relation to意为“与毫无关系”，所以选项D正确。5.考查固定搭配。draw from意为“从中得到；从提取”。原文是指这些富裕家庭的收入是从他们所继承财富的投资中获得的，所以选项C正确。6.考查固定搭配。by contrast意为“相比之下”，表示前后形成对比，所以选项B正确。7.考查逻辑连词。根据原文句意“他们（新富起来的人）可能比那些早就富裕起来的人更有钱，但他们还是在不断地赚钱。”前后构成转折的逻辑关系，所以首先排除表示原因的逻辑连词选项B和C。其次，however表示转折时为副词，不能够连接两个分句，所以只有选项A正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”

37、；B选项indifferent“漠不关心的”；C选项sympathetic“同情的”；D选项depressed“沮丧的”。根据原文可知，这里是说新富起来的人还像所有比他们阶层低的人一样渴望赚钱，所以选项A符合语境。9.考查不定代词。根据句意可知，这里是指其他所有人，所以用everybody else。选项B正确。nobody多用于否定句，anybody多用于疑问句，somebody有特指的意味，所以均不正确。10.考查上下文语境。上文提到“新富起来的人还像所有比他们阶层低的人一样渴望赚钱”，而下文则提及“他们的地位比那些早就富裕起来的人要低，早就富裕起来的人则认为没有必要为赚钱出力”。前后构成

38、因果关系，所以选项C符合语境。11.考查上下文语义。根据下文“look down upon the new rich”可知，新富起来的人比那些早就富裕起来的人的地位要低，所以选项D正确。12.考查动词辨析。A选项want“想要”；B选项select“选择”，一般不和介词to搭配；C选项hate“憎恨，厌恶”；D选项tend“倾向于”。句意：那些早就富裕起来的人倾向于看不起新富起来的人，选项D符合语境。13.考查动词辨析。A选项retain“保持”；B选项benefit“受益”；C选项acquire“获得”；D选项reward“奖励”。句意：无论他们的财富是如何获得的，上层阶级都是非常富有的。选

39、项C符合语境。14.考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项yield“产出”；C选项cultivate“培养”；D选项rear“抚养，饲养”。根据原文可知，这里是说培养对艺术的兴趣，所以选项C正确。15.考查动词辨析。A选项collect“收藏，收集”；B选项gather“聚集”；C选项assemble“聚集，集合”；D选项accumulate“积攒，累积”。根据原文可知，这里指收藏稀有的书籍和画，所以选项A正确。16.考查形容词辨析。A选项distant “遥远的，冷漠的”；B选项far“遥远的，久远的”；C选项separate“分开的，单独的”；D选项remote“遥

40、远的，偏僻的”。根据原文可知，这里是说上层阶级远离了大众，选项A更符合语境。17.考查固定搭配。A选项doubtful“可疑的”；B选项conscious“意识到的”；C选项sensitive“敏感的”；D选项sensible“明智的”。句意：与其他阶级相比，他们更倾向于意识到自己是阶级的成员。be conscious of sth.意为“意识到”，所以选项B正确。18.考查动词辨析。A选项demand“要求，需求”；B选项control“控制，管理”；C选项direct“管理，指挥”；D选项command“命令，掌控”。句意：他们在国内外也掌握着巨大的权力和影响力。选项D更符合语境。19.考

41、查动词辨析。A选项seize“抓住”；B选项abuse“滥用”；C选项hold“持有，拥有”；D选项sustain“维持，支撑”。根据原文可知，这里是说上层阶级的人占有许多高级政府职位，所以选项C符合语境。20.考查动词辨析。A选项attract“吸引”；B选项affect“影响，感染”；C选项effect“产生，达到目的”；D选项incline“倾向于”。句意：他们的行为影响着数百万人的生活。选项B符合语境。6.单选题Sadly, as spending on private gardens has（ ）, spending on public parks has generally dec

42、lined.问题1选项A.heightenedB.liftedC.flownD.soared【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项heighten“提高，升高”；B选项lift“举起，抬高”；C选项flow“流动，流通”；D选项soar“急升，激增”。句意：悲哀的是，随着私人花园的支出飙升，公共公园的支出普遍下降。填空处填入的应该是和declined相反的单词，所以选项D符合语境。7.单选题His job at the hospital did not pay much, so he found another（ ）.问题1选项A.on the sideB.on the spotC.on th

43、e declineD.on the rise【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on the side“另外，作为兼职”；B选项on the spot“立刻，当场，在危险中”；C选项on the decline“在衰退中”；D选项on the rise“在增加，在上涨”。句意：他在医院的工作报酬不高，所以他另外找了一份工作。选项A符合语境。8.单选题A landing on Mars is within the（ ）of current physical theory.问题1选项A.schemeB.scopeC.scrapD.scale【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项 scheme“计

44、划，诡计”；B选项scope“范围，视野”；C选项scrap“碎片，残余物”；D选项scale“规模，比例”。句意：在火星上着陆在目前物理理论的范围之内。选项B符合语境。9.单选题Famed singer Stevie Wonder cant see his fans dancing at his concerts. He cant see the hands of his audience as they applaud wildly at the end of his superstition.Blind from birth, Wonder has waited his whole li

45、fe for a chance to see. Recently, Wonder visited Mark Humayan, a vision specialist. He thought that a new device currently being studied by Humayan might offer him that chance.The device, a retinal prosthesis, is a tiny computer chip implanted inside a patients eye. The chip sends images to the brai

46、n and allows some sightless people to see shapes and colors. Wonder hoped the retinal prosthesis might work for him. “Ive always said that if ever theres possibility of my seeing,” said Wonder, “then I would take the challenge.”Unfortunately for Wonder, that challenge will have to wait. Humayan expl

47、ained that the device isnt ready for people who have been blind since birth. Their brains may not be able to handle signals from a retinal prosthesis because their brains have never handled signals from a healthy eye.The retinal prosthesis and other devices, however, show great promise in helping ma

48、ny other sightless people who once had vision see again. Perhaps one day soon, some formerly sightless people may be in Wonders audience looking upand seeing himfor the very first time.Wonders willingness to take part in retinal prosthesis studies and the results of those studies are giving new hope

49、 to people who thought they would be blind for the rest of their lives. More than one million people in the United States are considered legally blind, meaning that their eyesight is severely impaired. Another one million are totally blind.Two types of specialized cells in the retinarods and conesar

50、e critical for proper vision. Light enters the eye and falls on the rods and cones in the retina. Those cells convert the light to electrical signals which travel through the optic nerve to the brain. The brain interprets those signals as visual images. Rods detect light at low levels of illuminatio

51、n. For instance, rods allow you to see faint shadows in dim moonlight. Cones, on the other hand, are most sensitive to color. Some diseases can damage cells in the retina. For instance, macular degeneration causes blindness and other vision problems in 700,000 people in the United States each year.

52、The condition is caused by a lack of adequate blood supply to the central part of the retina. Without blood, the rods, cones, and other cells in the retina die.Devices such as the retinal prostheses wont prevent or cure our eye diseases, but they may help patients who have eye disorders regain some

53、of their vision. Different forms of retinal prostheses are currently being developed. On one type, a tiny computer chip is embedded in the eye. The chip has a grid of about 2,500 light-sensing elements called pixels.Light entering the eye strikes the pixels, which convert the light into electrical s

54、ignals. The pixels then send the electrical signals to nerve cells behind the retina. Those cells send signals via the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation.Many people who have had a retinal prosthesis implanted say they can see shapes, colors, and movements that they couldnt see before. “It

55、was great,” said Harold Churchey, who received his retinal prosthesis 15 years after he became totally blind. “To see light after so longit was just wonderful. It was just like switching a light on.”1. Why did Steve Wonder visit Mark Humayan?2. Whom is Marks retinal prosthesis ready for?3. For detec

56、ting colors, we depend, in the first place, on（ ）4. Why does macular degeneration cause blindness and other vision problems?5. Which of the following statements about the function of retinal prosthesis is true according to the passage?问题1选项A.He thought Marks device might recover his eyesight.B.He th

57、ought Mark might need his help in developing the device.C.He thought Mark might want to listen to his Superstition.D.He thought Mark might implant a chip into his right eye.问题2选项A.For those who have been blind from birth.B.For those who still have faint vision.C.For the blind who once had eyesight.D

58、.For those who still have one healthy eye.问题3选项A.interpretation by the brain.B.cones of the retina.C.rods of the retina.D.optic nerve.问题4选项A.Macular degeneration causes improper interpretation by the brain.B.Macular degeneration makes the retina less sensitive to the light.C.Macular degeneration cha

59、nges the functions of rods and cones.D.Macular degeneration causes inadequate supply of blood in the retina.问题5选项A.It can prevent some eye disorders.B.It can cure some eye disorders.C.It can help recover eyesight to some degree.D.It can repair the damaged cones.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事

60、实题。根据原文第二段的内容“Wonder自打出生眼睛就看不见，他一生都在等待一个机会。最近，Wonder拜访了视力专家Mark Humayan。他认为目前Humayan正在研究的一种新装置可能会给他提供这个机会。”由此可知，Steve Wonder拜访Mark Humayan的原因是他认为Mark Humayan的设备可能会恢复他的视力，选项A正确。2.判断推理题。根据第五段的第一句“The retinal prosthesis and other devices, however, show great promise in helping many other sightless peop

61、le who once had vision see again. 然而，视网膜假体和其他装置在帮助许多曾经有过视力的盲人重见光明方面展现出了巨大的希望。”由此可推断，Mark的视网膜假体装置是为那些曾经有过良好视力的人准备的，所以选项C符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据原文第七段的内容可知，视网膜中有两种特殊的细胞对正常的视力至关重要杆状细胞和视锥细胞。第七段还提及“Cones, on the other hand, are most sensitive to color. 另一方面，视锥细胞对颜色最敏感。”由此可知，选项B正确。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“macular degeneratio

62、n”定位到第七段后半部分的内容“For instance, macular degeneration causes blindness and other vision problems in 700,000 people in the United States each year. The condition is caused by a lack of adequate blood supply to the central part of the retina. Without blood, the rods, cones, and other cells in the retina die. 例如，黄斑变性导致美国每年有70万人失明和其他视力问题。这种情况是由于缺乏足