2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷12

《2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷12》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷12（70页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I know cold. And all you Minnesota people may discount me because I am from Phoenix, but trust me, I know cold. I have climbed the highest peak on each continent (the famed Seven Summits) and have skied to both the North and South Poles a feat known as the A

2、dventure Grand Slam. Each mountain and polar expedition was very different with the exception of one thing: the cold.Of all the remote places I have been, Antarctica land of the frozen tundra is perhaps my favorite. It also happens to be the coldest place on earth. The continent is approximately 98

3、percent ice and 2 percent rock. Temperatures in the winter have reached 128-below. I have been there twice; once to climb the Vinson Massif and once to ski six-hundred miles from the edge of the western Antarctic ice shelf all the way to the South Pole. “Why would you want to suffer like that” is a

4、question I get all the time. And sure, there are times when you are feeling like you want to take a break from the frigid conditions and go inside the lodge and get a cup of hot cocoa. but you cant. There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica. Theres just you, your 1501b sled which is harnesse

5、d to your waist (containing all of your gear and supplies), your teammates (unless you are on a solo trip no thanks) and the cold. So you make peace with the sub-zero temperatures, because youre going to be in them for the better part of two months.So thinking back on my experiences heres why you sh

6、ould be okay with a couple of days of polar vortex because 1) you can go inside, and 2) because it makes you smarter or at least smarter than the warm weather does. Yep. Good news for those in cities affected by the vortex: cold weather can actually be really good for you. Not just because you burn

7、more fat when its cold, but because your brain works better when its cold. According to an article by Adrian Ward that appeared in Scientific American, it takes more energy to cool your body when its hot than it does to warm it up when youre cold. The energy comes from glucose. which is also necessa

8、ry for the brains mental processes. So basically, cooling off when it is hot uses more glucose than warming up when its cold; thus leaving less available glucose for the brain. Therefore, we can assume that cold weather is better for the brain. Quick everyone go take the MENSA test before the temper

9、ature warms up again!1. What do the mountains the author has climbed have in common?2. What can we learn about Antarctica?3. What is not available in the middle of Antarctica?4. Why is cold weather better for the brain?5. We can learn from the test that the MENS A test is a kind of_.问题1选项A.They are

10、all located in the North Pole.B.They are all located in the South Pole.C.They have the same elevations.D.They are all very frigid.问题2选项A.There is about 98% water and 2% ice.B.The temperatures there can reach 128 degree centigrade.C.It is the second coldest place on earth.D.There is a mountain called

11、 Vinson Massif.问题3选项A.Ski lodge.B.Sled.C.Supplies.D.Camera.问题4选项A.Because you can burn more fat when it is cold.B.Because you can go inside ski lodges and take a break when it is cold.C.Because you can leave more glucose for the brain when it is cold.D.Because the energy you need for the brain comes

12、 from ice.问题5选项A.psychiatric testB.intelligence testC.personality testD.admission test【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。定位到第一段最后一句话Each mountain and polar expedition was very differentwith the exception of one thing: the cold.“每一个山脉和极地探险都非常不同除了一件事：寒冷”从这里可以知道答案选D选项“他们都非常寒冷”；A选项“它们都位于北极”，定位到第一段

13、第三句话have skied to both the North and South Poles“曾经南极和北极都滑过”，从这里可知A属于反向干扰；B选项“它们都位于南极”，见A选项，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“他们有相同的海拔高度”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。2.事实细节题。定位到第二段第五句话have been there twice; once to climb the Vinson Massif“到过这两次；有一次去爬文森山”，从这里可知D选项“那有一座山叫文森山”正确；A选项“大约98%是水，2%是冰”，定位到第二段第三句话The continent is approximately

14、 98 percent ice and 2 percent rock.“这块大陆大约98%是冰，2%是岩石”，从这里可知A选项错误，属于反向干扰；B选项“那里的温度可以达到128摄氏度”，定位到第二段第四句话Temperatures in the winter have reached 128-below.“冬天的气温已经达到零下128度”从关键词below可知B选项错误，属于反向干扰；C选项“它是地球上第二冷的地方”，第二段第二句话It also happens to be the coldest place on earth.“它也是地球上最冷的地方”，从这里可知C选项错误，属于反向干扰。

15、3.事实细节题。定位到第二段倒数第三句There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica.“南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，从这里可知答案选A“滑雪旅馆”；B选项“雪橇”，定位到第二段倒数第二句话Theres just you, your 1501b sled which is harnessed to your waist (containing all of your gear and supplies), your teammates and the cold.“只有你，腰间系着1501b雪橇(包括你所有的装备和补给)，你的队友，还有寒冷”，从这

16、里可知B选项不符合题意，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“补给”，见B选项，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“照相机”文章没有提及属于无中生有。4.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段倒数第三句So basically, cooling off when it is hot uses more glucose than warming up when its cold; thus leaving less available glucose for the brain.“所以基本上，在热的时候降温比在冷的时候升温需要更多的葡萄糖；这样就减少了大脑可用的葡萄糖”，从这里可知答案选C“因为冷的时候你可以给大脑留下更多的

17、葡萄糖”；A选项“因为天气冷的时候可以燃烧更多的脂肪”，定位到最后一段第四句话Not just because you burn more fat when its cold, but because your brain works better when its cold.“这不仅是因为你在冷的时候燃烧了更多的脂肪，还因为你的大脑在冷的时候工作得更好”，从这里可知这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；B选项“因为天气冷的时候你可以去滑雪小屋休息一下”，定位到第二段倒数第三句There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica“

18、南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；D选项“因为你大脑所需的能量来自冰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。5.推理判断题，寻找句内线索，定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句Therefore, we can assume that cold weather is better for the brain.“因此，我们可以假设寒冷的天气对大脑更好”，这里说完冷的环境对大脑运行有利就赶紧督促别人去考MENS，就说明这考试与大脑也就是智力有关，所以答案选B“智力测试”；A选项“心理测试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“性格测试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D

19、选项“入学考试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。2. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English and put your answers on Answer Sheet.皮影戏（ShadowPlay）是中国民间广为流传的傀儡戏之一，两千年前的西汉时期诞生在中国陕西，清代在河北盛极一时。皮影戏的人物道具用兽皮或纸板剪成，演员在一块隔亮布后操纵道具进行表演。中国的不少地方戏曲剧种都是从皮影戏中派生而来。如今，中国皮影被世界各国的博物馆收藏，还是中国政府与其他国家领导人相互往来时的馈赠佳品。【答案】As one of the

20、 earliest opera forms and a sort of widespread puppet play in China, Shadow puppetry was born in Shaanxi, China, during the Western Han Dynasty 2,000 years ago, and flourished in Hebei during the Qing Dynasty. Its characters and props are made of animal skins or paperboards and the story was perform

21、ed by illuminating these images with the help of lamplight. While performing, the performers manipulate the characters behind the white curtain. Many local operas in China are derived from shadow play. Nowadays, Chinese shadow puppets are collected in museums around the world, and are often presente

22、d as gifts by the Chinese government to leaders of other countries when they interact with each other.3. 填空题Directions: In each of the following sentences, there is one part that is grammatically incorrect. Mark out the erroneous part and then put the correct form in the brackets following the sente

23、nce.36. Basing on the research of the foreign language, this paper concludes the ways to learn English well. （ ）37. Nations, sensing a threat of their economies, tried to take actions to protect themselves. （ ）38. The fund was designed to encouraging the growth of international trade by stabilizing

24、currencies. （ ）39. How many life insurance does the average person buy? （ ）40. Sports in America take a various of forms: organized competitive struggles, athletic games and hunting and fishing. （ ）【答案】36.basingbased37.economieseconomy38.encouragingencourage39.manymuch40.variousvariety【解析】36.非谓语动词应该

25、和句子的主语保持一定的逻辑关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，发出base这个动作的施动者是人，所以应该使用过去分词-ed形式。37.这里的主语是nations “国家”，所以economy在这里是“经济体制，经济状况”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。38.to在作介词时，没有表目的的意义，这里的to是与后面的动词原形组合在一起组成不定式，所以encouraging应该用动词原形encourage。39.life insurance“人寿保险”这个名词是不可数名词，所以不能用how many修饰，应该把many改为much。40.various是形容词，可以直接修饰名词，而of前面的词一

26、般都是名词，所以这里应该用variety。4. 单选题Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.Its tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various es

27、timates tend to hover in the thousandsbased on the number of acquaintances a person might have.Machines arent limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it seesthen recognize a face its told to findwith remarkable speed and precision. This skill is

28、 what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. Its also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those co

29、nstraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of facesthey call it MegaFaceand tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a d

30、atabase that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different peopleand not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with whats been used in other research.As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algor

31、ithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. Thats still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. “Much better than we expected,” she sai

32、d.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alikeeither doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incor

33、rectly view as separate people.“Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age,” Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is, for many of the researchers whod like to design systems to address these challenges, massiv

34、e datasets for experimentation just dont existat least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers. Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFaces creators say its the largest publicly availabl

35、e facial-recognition dataset out there.“An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset,” the researchers wrote.11. Compared with human memory, machines can_.12. Why did researchers create MegaFace?13. What does the passage say about machine accuracy?14. Wh

36、at is said to be a shortcoming-of facial-recognition machines?15. What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?问题1选项A.identify human faces more efficientlyB.tell a friend from a mere acquaintanceC.store an unlimited number of human facesD.perceive images invisible to

37、 the human eye问题2选项A.To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition database.B.To increase the variety of facial-recognition software.C.To understand computers problems with facial recognition.D.To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms.问题3选项A.It falls short of researchers expectati

38、ons.B.It improves with added computing power.C.It varies greatly with different algorithms.D.It decreases as the database size increases.问题4选项A.They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.B.They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressions.C.They are not sensiti

39、ve to minute changes in peoples mood.D.They have problems distinguishing people of the same age.问题5选项A.No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human faces.B.There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samples.C.There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samples.D

40、.They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第二句话Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it seesthen recognize a face its told to findwith remarkable speed and precision“给计算机一个庞大的人脸数据库，

41、它就可以处理它看到的东西，然后以惊人的速度和精度识别出它被要求寻找的人脸”，从这里可知答案选A选项“更有效地识别人脸”。B选项“把朋友和仅仅相识的人区别开来”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“存储无限数量的人脸”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“感知人眼看不见的图像”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。12.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第四段第一、三句话The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognitionTo begin to figure out how compute

42、rs are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of facesthey call it MegaFace“问题是，机器在人脸识别方面仍然有局限性为了弄清楚电脑是如何挣扎的，华盛顿大学的研究人员创建了一个巨大的人脸数据库他们称之为MegaFace”，由此可知答案选C选项“为了解计算机在面部识别方面的问题”。A选项“以扩大人脸识别数据库的容量”，定位到第四段最后一句The idea was to test the machines on a database tha

43、t included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different peopleand not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with whats been used in other research“他们的想法是在一个数据库上测试机器，该数据库包括近70万人的100万张不同的图像，而不仅仅是一个拥有相对较少不同面孔的大型数据库，这与其他研究中使用的更一致”，这

44、里没有说建立数据库的目的是为了扩大数据库，这里属于出处错误；B选项“以增加面部识别软件的多样性”，文章没有提及；D选项“以降低人脸识别算法的复杂性”，定位到第四段第三句tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms as they scaled up in complexity“测试了多种面部识别算法，随着其复杂性的增大”，由此可知这是探究机器在人脸识别时会遇到什么问题的步骤不是创造MegaFace的原因，这里属于曲解原文，所以不选。13.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第五段第一句话As the databases grew, ma

45、chine accuracy dipped across the board“随着数据库的增长，机器的准确性全面下降”，由此可知答案选D选项“它随着数据库大小的增加而减少。”A选项“它没有达到研究人员的预期”，定位到第五段最后一句话“Much better than we expected,” she said（“比我们预期的要好得多，”她说。），由此可知A选项错误，属于反向干扰；B选项文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；C选项文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。14.推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第六段第一句话Machines also had difficulty adjus

46、ting for people who look a lot alike“机器也很难适应长得很像的人”，这里运用拟人的手法把机器比做人，暗指其实机器区别不了长得很像的人，所以答案选A选项“他们很难区分长相几乎相同的人”。B选项“他们很难识别面部表情的变化”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；C选项“他们对人们情绪的细微变化不敏感”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；D选项“他们在区分同龄人方面有困难”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选。15.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到倒数第二段第一句The trouble ismassive datasets for experiment

47、ation just dont existat least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers“问题是用于实验的大规模数据根本不存在至少，不存在学术研究人员可以访问的格式”，由此可知答案选B选项“没有拥有足够的人脸样本的公共数据库”。A选项“目前还没有能够处理巨大的人脸数据的电脑”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；C选项“没有合适处理人脸样本的算法”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；D选项“他们在将人脸数据转换成正确格式时遇到了困难”，见正确选项解析，这里说的是研究人员不能够访问的格式并不是说在格式

48、转换方面存在问题，所以D选项不选，属于曲意理解。5. 单选题If Hillary Clinton made her widely anticipated bid for the presidency, would her age become a legitimate issue?Skeptics have already taken to the Internet to raise their concerns. If Clinton won election in 2016, at age 69, she would be just months younger than our olde

49、st president. Ronald Reagan, when he was elected in 1980. Only one other candidate in 225 years (William Henry Harrison) moved into the White House past age 65, and his health proved so fragile that he contracted pneumonia (肺炎)on inauguration day in 1841 and died a month later. In fact, about half o

50、f the 43 men who have held the nations top office withered and died well before even reaching Hillarys 2016 Election Day age.The last half-century of presidential history served to shield the American people from such brutal truths about presidential mortality. The assassination of John F. Kennedy i

51、n 1963, a defining events for Clinton and her fellow Baby Boomers, marked the last time a chief executive died in office. But before that bloody day in Dallas, during a sad span of 122 years, sitting presidents perished with revolting regularity.Harrison died four weeks into his term in 1841, and Za

52、chary Taylor succumbed to mysterious digestive ailments nine years later. Assassins killed Abraham Lincoln in 1865, James Garfield in 1881 and William McKinley in 1901. Circulatory problems claimed Warren Harding in 1923, and a cerebral hemorrhage (脑出血) dispatched Franklin Roosevelt in 1945. All the

53、se disasters struck presidents younger than Hillary would be on her first day in office. But a balanced response to concerns over Clintons age reveals recent, relevant changes in presidential life spans that should reassure the former first lady and her supporters.No president since Lyndon Johnson h

54、as died before age 81，and four of the six longest-lived presidents (Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush and Jimmy Carter) have held the office since 1974. This reflects the increase in life expectancy for all of us. In 1963, life expectancy stood at 69 years, but now we can anticipate survi

55、val to 79 a gift of 10 extra years.Another factor working in Hillarys favor: Women live longer than men by five years (sorry, Bill). This means that a typical woman born in 1947 (as was Hillary) can expect to live an average of 20 more years after today enough to cover not only the two terms as pres

56、ident that her fans desire, but an additional ten years as U.N. secretary-general, chief justice of the Supreme Court or president of Yale.None of this means that a person of Clintons age wont face significant health risks under the unimaginable pressures of presidential service. Like any other cand

57、idate, she must release records detailing every aspect of her personal medical history. When her husband, Bill, first ran for president at age 46, he could get away with providing only selective access to his medical records. Hillary, at age 69, should set a different standard.6. In American history

58、, were elected as presidents after 65_.7. What can we learn about Hillary Clinton?8. All of the following are favorable factors for Hillary Clinton, expect_9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?10. Whats the passage mainly about?问题1选项A.Hillary Clinton and Bill ClintonB.William Henry Harris

59、on and Ronald ReaganC.John F. Kennedy and James GarfieldD.Warren Harding and Lyndon Johnson问题2选项A.Hillary Clinton is just months younger than Ronald Reagan.B.As a baby boomer, Hillary Clinton was born in 1947.C.Hillary Clinton was scared by the assassination of John F. Kennedy.D.Hillary Clinton firs

60、t ran for president when she was 46 years old.问题3选项A.The fact that John F. Kennedy was the last president died in office.B.The extended life expectancy for people nowadays.C.The fact that women generally live a longer life than men.D.William Henry Harrisons death during his time in office.问题4选项A.Hil

61、lary Clinton will suffer from significant health problem under the tremendous stress.B.If Hillary Clinton wants to win other candidates, she must hide her personal medical history.C.No presidential candidate in American history had escaped from providing detailed medical records.D.Hillary Clintons h

62、usband, Bill, may had run for president more than once.问题5选项A.Comment on whether Hillary Clinton is too old for 2016s presidential election，B.The presidents who died from the severe pressures of presidential service.C.A new regulation on legal age of the presidential election in America.D.An introdu

63、ction of American presidents who had done something great in their term.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】6.推理判断题，定位到第二段第二三四句话If Clinton won election in 2016, at age 69, she would be just months younger than our oldest president. Ronald Reagan, when he was elected in 1980. Only one other candidate in

64、 225 years (William Henry Harrison) moved into the White House past age 65,“如果希拉里以69岁的高龄赢得2016年大选，她就只比我们最年长的总统小几个月。罗纳德里根，他在1980年当选总统。225年来，只有一位候选人(威廉亨利哈里森)在65岁之后搬进了白宫”，从这里可知只有两位总统就职美国总统时超过65岁Ronald Reagan和William Henry Harrison，所以答案选B选项“威廉亨利哈里森和罗纳德里根”；A选项“希拉里克林顿和比尔克林顿”，因为希拉里在作者写文章的时候还没当总统，作者只是作假设，所以A不选，这里属于反向干扰