2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷9

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1、2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The doctor told the students that a(n) （ ） disease was one that could be passed from one person to another.问题1选项A.effectiveB.infectiousC.coherentD.inherent【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；B选项infectious“传染的”；C选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；D选项inherent“固有的，内在的”。句意：

2、医生告诉学生传染病是一种可以从一个人传染给另一个人的疾病。infectious disease意为“传染病”，所以选项B正确。2. 单选题If you（ ）someone, you feel great admiration and love for them.问题1选项A.advocateB.adjoinC.adoreD.addict【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项advocate“拥护”；B选项adjoin“毗邻，连接”；C选项adore“崇拜，爱慕”；D选项addict“沉迷”。句意：如果你崇拜一个人，你会钦佩和爱戴他。根据下文的“admiration and love”可知选项C最

3、为恰当。3. 单选题A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, not a presidents social media platform.Most Americans re

4、ly on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content started by Twitter users in the politically cri

5、tical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fic

6、tion in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great

7、 deal of personal responsibilities for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing view-points,” the survey concluded.Such activity research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the university of Wisconsin-Madison found that youn

8、g peoples reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role i

9、n passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,”, more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration

10、of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief as Barna Group.So, when young people are critical of a

11、n over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skillsand in their choices on when to share on social media.1.According to the Paragraph 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on（ ）.2.According to the Knight Foundation survey, young people（ ）.3.The Barna survey found that a

12、 main cause for the fake news problem is （ ）.4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.the justification of the new-filtering practiceB.peoples preference for social media platformsC.the administrations ability to handle informationD.social media as a reliable source of ne

13、ws问题2选项A.tend to voice their opinions in cyberspaceB.verify news by referring to diverse resourcesC.have a strong sense of responsibilityD.like to exchange views on “distributed trust”问题3选项A.readers outdated valuesB.journalists biased reportingC.readers misinterpretationD.journalist made-up stories问

14、题4选项A.A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online.B.A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend.C.The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.D.The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。根据首段最后一句可知，千禧一代更希望白宫的新闻通过其他来源而不是总统的社交媒体平台透漏出来。紧接着在第二段给

15、出了原因，人们逐渐对所有的媒体丧失了信任。根据牛津大学的统计，在2016年美国总统竞选期间，推特用户分享的近四分之一的网络内容是虚假新闻。由此可知，社交媒体不是可靠的新闻来源。选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Knight Foundation”定位到第三段二、三句“A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and

16、prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those that are open about any bias. 奈特基金会针对14岁至24岁的年轻人进行的一项焦点小组调查发现，他们使用“分布式信任”来验证新闻。他们反复核对消息来源，喜欢从不同的角度看新闻尤其是那些对偏见持开放态度的新闻。”由此可知，选项B“通过参考不同的来源去核实消息”符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“Barna survey”定位到第五段第三句“A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given

17、 by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,”, more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. 巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为假新闻现象的主要原因是“读者错误”，而不是编造的故事或报道中的事实错误。”由此可知，选项C正确。4.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，原文首先提出年轻人对社交平台的不信任，是因为虚假新闻的泛滥，因此人们开始加强他们的媒体素养技能。下文则主要是围绕这一中心思想展开的讨论，所以选项A最能概括全文。4. 单选题She

18、didnt openly attack the plan, but her opposition was （ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immoral【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项explicit“明确的，清楚的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C选项internal“内部的”；D选项immoral“不道德的”。句意：她没有公开抨击这个计划，但她没有说任何支持这个计划的话，这就暗示了她的反对。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题When

19、Steven finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, everyone present was（ ）.问题1选项A.smuggledB.startledC.appealedD.stabilized【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项smuggle“走私，偷运”；B选项startle“使惊奇，使吓一跳”；C选项appeal“呼吁”；D选项stabilize“使稳固，使安定”。句意：当史蒂文30天后终于从山洞里出来时，在场的人都吓了一跳。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题The school has been （ ）as the meeting

20、place for the evening art club.问题1选项A.designedB.designatedC.divertedD.diagnosed【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项design“设计，构思”；B选项designate“指定，指派”；C选项 divert“转移”；D选项diagnose“诊断”。句意：这所学校被指定为晚间艺术俱乐部的会址。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题The prime ministers proposal for new taxes created such a(an) （ ）that his government fell.问题1选项A.sensa

21、tionB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreak【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项sensation“轰动”；B选项upheaval“动乱，剧变”；C选项 withdrawal“撤退”；D选项outbreak“爆发”。句意：首相的新税提案造成了如此大的动荡，以至于他的政府垮台了。根据下文的内容可知，选项B更符合语境。8. 单选题There are several possible explanation for the greater job（ ）in Japan in contrast to the great job mobility in the United

22、State.问题1选项A.sensitivityB.creativityC.stabilityD.security【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项sensitivity“敏感性”；B选项creativity“创造性”；C选项stability“稳定性”；D选项security“安全性”。句意：日本工作的稳定性和美国工作的流动性形成对比，对此有几种可能的解释。根据下文的关键词“mobility”可知，选项C正确。9. 单选题The（ ）of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried o

23、ut at 100% efficiency.问题1选项A.conversionB.conventionC.conversationD.version【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项conversion“转化，变换”；B选项convention“约定，习俗”；C选项conversation“交谈，会话”；D选项version“版本”。句意：把电能转换成热能是一个很容易以100%的效率进行的过程。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题Everyone has a legal （ ）to provide the tax office with details of their earnings.问题1

24、选项A.refinementB.constrictionC.obligationD.impulsion【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项refinement“改进，改善”；B选项constriction“收缩，压缩”；C选项obligation“义务，职责”；D选项impulsion“冲动”。句意：每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供他们收入的详细情况。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题After his recovery from illness, he is determined to（ ）hat he had been doing to attain the goal.问题1选项A.assum

25、eB.consumeC.presumeD.resume【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项assume“承担”；B选项consume“消耗，挥霍”；C选项presume“假定，推测”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始，继续”。句意：他病好后，决心继续为实现目标而努力。选项D符合语境。12. 单选题Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. The

26、re are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to same them simply because they exist.But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial squeeze, with now way

27、to reduce rising cost or increase revenues significantly. Raising tuition doesnt bring in more revenue, for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down, or the amount that must be given away in student aid goes up. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of

28、 mismanagement but because of the nature of the enterprise. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about low enrollment is not

29、 their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Effects to save them and preferably to keep them private, are national necessities. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name stat

30、e universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. Diversity in the way we support schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In

31、 an imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous. In an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good . Ardent supporters of public higher education know the importance of sustaining private higher education.1.In the authors opinion, schools are

32、bad business because of （ ）.2.The author used the phrase “go under” in the third paragraph to mean （ ）.3.We have reasonably conclude from the passage that the author made an appeal to the public in order to support（ ）.4.Which of the following is not mentioned?问题1选项A.mismanagementB.too few studentsC.

33、too many studentsD.the nature of schools问题2选项A.get into difficultiesB.have low enrollmentC.have low tuitionD.bring in more money问题3选项A.public institutionsB.private schoolsC.uniformity of educationD.equality of education问题4选项A.High-quality private schools deserve to be saved.B.If the tuition is raise

34、d, the enrollment goes down.C.There are many cases that public schools are better than private schools.D.Private schools have more money than public schools.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。从文章第二段倒数第三句Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually because of mismanagement but

35、because of the nature of the enterprise. 可知，不论是公立还是私立，经营学校都是一件失败的生意，这不总是因为管理不善，而是因为办企业的本质。再根据文章下一句“They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. 学校在每一位消费者身上都会赔钱，太少或者太多的生源都会迫使学校走向破产。所以说学校是一桩赔本的买卖是由学校的本质所决定的。D选项正确。2.判断推理题。根据文章第三段前两句 “It

36、is such colleges, thriving but threatened, I worry about low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. 正是这样的大学，欣欣向荣却岌岌可危，我担心入学率低并不是他们的首要问题。即使是全额注册，他们也可能会倒闭。”确定第三段讲述的是学校是如何入不敷出、经营不善的。A选项符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段倒数第五句和倒数第二句“In an imperfect society, diversity is

37、a positive good. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity is a national necessity. 在一个不完美的社会里，多样化是一件积极的好事。公共机构将占主导地位，这是不可避免的，因此多样化是国家的需要。”确定作者并不倾向于哪一种性质的学校，他提倡的是教育的多样性，即教育的平等性。D选项符合题意。4.判断推理题。从第一段第二、三句 “Not all will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve

38、 to be saved. There are low-quality schools just as there are low-quality businesses. 不是每一所学校都能被拯救，也不是每一所学校都值得呗拯救。质量低劣的学校就像经营不善的生意一样存在着。” 推断A选项只有那些办学质量高的学校才值得被拯救正确；根据文章第二段第三句“for each time tuition goes up, the enrollment goes down因为每一次伴随着学费的升高，入学率 就会下降”推断B选项如果学费上涨，入学率就会下降。正确。再根据文章第三段第四、五、六句“There is

39、 no basis for arguing that private schools are inherently better than public schools. Examples to the contrary abound. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. 没有理由说私立学校天生就比公立学校好，相反的例子比比皆是。任何人都能说出美国和世界上最好的州立大学和学院的名字。”推断C选项有的公立学校的办学质量好于私立学校正

40、确；D选项说私立学校比公立学校更有钱的说法文章中没有提到。所以本题选D。13. 单选题Many of the most flexible examples of tool use in animals come from primates (the order that includes humans, apes and monkeys). For example, many wild primates use objects to threaten outsiders. But there are many examples of tool use by other mammals, as

41、well as by birds and other types of animals.Tools are used by many species in the capture or preparation of food. Chimpanzees use sticks and poles to bring out ants and termites from their hiding places. Among the most complex tool use observed in the wild is the use of stones by Ivory Coast chimpan

42、zees to crack nuts open. They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a small stone as a hammer. Stones suitable or use as anvils are not easy to find, and often a chimpanzee may carry haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil. The use of

43、tools in chimpanzees is especially interesting because these animals sometimes modify tools to make them better suited for their intended purpose. To make a twig more effective for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may first strip it of its leaves.Surprisingly, there is also a species of bi

44、rd that uses sticks to probe holes in the search for insects. One of the species of Galapagos finch, the woodpecker finch, picks up or breaks off a twig, cactus spine, or leaf stem. This primitive tool is then held in the beak and used to probe for insects in holes in trees that the bird cannot prob

45、e directly with its beak. Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey.Tools may also be used for defense. Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies. Studies have demonstrated that these crabs significantly improve thei

46、r chances against predators such as octopus by means of this tactic. Also, many species of forest-dwelling primates defend themselves by throwing objects, including stones, at intruders.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.According to the passage, Ivory Coast chimpanzees are among the most rema

47、rkable of animal tool users because they （ ）.3.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the behavior of the woodpecker finch?4.According to the passage, studies have shown that hermit crabs manage to turn octopus away by（ ）.问题1选项A.Primates are superior to other animals in using

48、tools.B.The use of stones as tools is similar across different animal species.C.Birds and primates use tools that are different from those of sea animals.D.Many animals have developed effective ways of using tools.问题2选项A.use tools to gather foodB.use more than one tool to accomplish a taskC.transpor

49、t tools from one place to anotherD.hide their tools from other animals问题3选项A.It uses its break as a weapon against its enemies.B.It uses the same twig to look for food in different trees.C.It uses twigs and leaves to build its nest.D.It avoids areas where cactus grows.问题4选项A.attacking the octopus wi

50、th their clawsB.using stones as weaponsC.defending themselves with sea anemonesD.hiding under sea plants【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章讨论的主要问题是”。文章第一段提到动物使用工具，主要是灵长类，但也有其他一些哺乳动物、鸟类等；第二段提到很多种类的动物使用工具来捕捉食物；第三段提到有些动物使用工具来挖洞或者找昆虫；最后一段提到动物使用工具来攻击。由此可知选项D“许多动物开发了工具的有效使用方式”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根

51、据文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的动物工具使用者，因为”。文章第二段提到“它们选择一块大而平的石头做砧板，另一块小一点的石头当锤子，有时候会推着坚果走到超过40米外的地方找合适的砧板”（They select a large flat stone as an anvil (a heavy block on which to place the nuts) and a smaller stone as a hammer, sometimes carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil），由此可知选项B“使

52、用不止一种工具来完成任务”符合题意。3.判断推理题。题目问的是“下面哪个选项可以从文章中推断出啄木鸟的行为”。文章第三段最后一句话提到“啄木鸟会带着它的细枝在树木之间飞来飞去”（Birds have been seen to carry twigs from tree to tree searching for prey），可以推断出啄木鸟这么做是为了找虫子，选项B符合题意。4.细节判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，研究发现寄居蟹能够把章鱼赶走是通过”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用钳子抓住海葵作武器赶跑敌人”（Hermit crabs grab sea anemones with their

53、claws and use them as weapons to repel their enemies），选项C符合题意。14. 单选题Most of the rubbish that we usually（ ）of can be recycled.问题1选项A.disposedB.dischargeC.dispatchD.dissolve【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项dispose“处理，安排”；B选项discharge“释放”；C选项dispatch“派遣”；D选项dissolve“溶解”。句意：我们通常处理的大部分垃圾都可以回收利用。选项A更符合语境。15. 单选题When yo

54、u prepare for your speech, be sure to cite（ ） qualified sources of information and examples.问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题Wealthy nations have

55、fallen far behind on their aid（ ）to the worlds poor.问题1选项A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项commitment“承诺，保证”；B选项engagement“约会，诺言”；C选项responsibility“责任，职责”；D选项application“应用，申请”。句意：富裕国家在对援助世界穷国的责任方面远远落后。选项C符合句意。17. 单选题To ensure its sustained progress in econo

56、my, the government has （ ）a series of policies.问题1选项A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressed【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项reserve“预定”；B选项issue“发行”；C选项deliver“交付”；D选项express“表达”。句意：为保证经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B更符合语境，所以正确。18. 单选题In general , the（ ）amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth o

57、f the total for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“明智的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“可应用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的花费应控制在可支配的生活费的五分之一以内。available其后常接介词for或to构成形容词短语，作后置定语。所以选项C正确。19. 单选题The train came to a/an （ ） stop, makin

58、g many passengers fall off their seats.问题1选项A.hastyB.incidentalC.swiftD.abrupt【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项hasty“草率的，匆忙的”；B选项incidental“偶然的”；C选项swift“迅速的，敏捷的”；D选项abrupt“突然的”。句意：火车突然停了下来，许多乘客从座位上摔了下来。选项D更符合语境。20. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项warranty“保证，担保”；B选项promise“许诺，允诺”；C选项certificate“证书”；D选项receipt“收据”。句意：记住要对这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们将不提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。