2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前模拟强化练习题35（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Since World War II, there has been a clearly discernible trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence, go steady through high school, and marry before their form

2、al education has been completed. In some quarters, there is much shaking of graying looks and clucking of middle-aged tongues over the ways of wayward youth. However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthdays; it doesnt arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surpris

3、ingly early, while others never do, even in three-score years and ten.Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness. And it can almost be put down as a dictum that any marriage entered into as a

4、n escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves ones problems; more often, it merely accentuates them. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home as an institution is capable of carrying ail that the young are seeking to put into it; one might say in theologi

5、cal terms, that they are forsaking one idol only to worship another. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that success” is the ultimate good, but they erroneously believe that they themselves have found the true center of lifes meaning. Their expectations of ma

6、rriage are essentially Utopian and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much and tragic disillusionment is often bound to follow.Shall we, then, join the chorus of Miserere, over early marriage? One cannot generalize: all early marriages are not bad more than all later ones are good. Sa

7、tisfactory marriages are determined not by chronology, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or few false expectations, and if it is economicall

8、y feasible, why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.1.According to this article, the tread toward early marriages（ ） .2.According to this article, successful marriages are determined by the emotional maturity of the partners and not by（ ） .3.More often than not

9、, early marriage will（ ） .4.Youthful expectations of marriage can be described as （ ） .5.From the passage, we can conclude that （ ） .6.We can learn from the passage that （ ） .7.Young people can marry early（ ） .问题1选项A.is the result of the Great Depression of the 30sB.cannot be easily determinedC.is o

10、ne that can be clearly seenD.is an outgrowth of the moral laxity brought about by World War II问题2选项A.financial considerationsB.parental consentC.educational backgroundsD.chronological age问题3选项A.not affect ones problemsB.solve a persons problemsC.intensify ones problemsD.ease ones problems问题4选项A.Utop

11、ianB.realisticC.materialisticD.tragic问题5选项A.people mature emotionally at different pacesB.people that marry early have a miserable lifeC.all young people marry earlier than their parents expectedD.early marriages are as bad as late marriages问题6选项A.it is natural for parents to believe success is the

12、ultimate goodB.young people marry early for various reasonsC.young people date as early as they go to elementary schoolD.many old people and the middle-aged people think positively of early marriages问题7选项A.if they are not lonely and isolatedB.if they believe that they are emotionally matureC.if they

13、 are capable of dealing with personal problemsD.if they hold few illusions for a marriage and economically afford it【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“there has been a clearly discernible trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage.”可知, 早婚

14、是一个明显的趋势, 所以选项C符合原文。2.根据最后一段第三句“Satisfactory marriages are determined not by chronology, but by the emotional maturity of the partners.”令人满意的婚姻不是由时间顺序决定的, 而是由伴侣的情感成熟度决定的。选项D符合原文。3.根据第二段第三句“The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves ones problems; more often, it merely accentuates them.”可悲的事实是, 婚姻几乎

15、不会解决一个人的问题；更多的时候, 它只是在强调问题。也就是使问题变得更激烈, 所以选项C正确。4.根据第二段倒数第二句“Their expectations of marriage are essentially Utopian.”可知选项A正确。5.根据第一段最后两句可知, 情感成熟与年龄无关, 有的人很早就实现了, 有的人从未实现过。由此可知, 选项A符合原文。其他选项均表述太绝对, 所以不正确。6.根据第二段第一句“Many students are marrying as an escape, not only from an unsatisfying home life, but

16、also from their own personal problems of isolation and loneliness.”许多学生把结婚作为一种逃避, 不仅是为了逃避不满意的家庭生活, 也是为了逃避自己的孤立和孤独。由此推断, 年轻人早婚的原因有很多。选项B正确。7.根据最后一段倒数第二句“if it is entered into with relatively few illusions or few false expectations, and if it is economically feasible, why not?”可知, 选项D与原文描述一致。2. 单选题Rob

17、ert Spring, a 19th century forger, was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and arrived in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he prospected by selling his small b

18、ut genuine collection of early US autographs. Discovering his ability at copying handwriting, he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To lessen the chance of detection, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale

19、and circulation.Forgers have a hard time selling their products. A forger cant approach a respectable buyer but must deal with people who dont have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title pag

20、e, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.In springs time, right after the Civil War. Britain was still fond of the Southern states, so Spring invented a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General “Stonewall” Jackson. For several years Miss Fannys fina

21、ncial problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging to her famous father. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries fo

22、rm the originals.1.Why did Spring sell his false autographs in England and Canada?2.After the Civil War there was a great demand in Britain for（ ）.3.Robert Spring spent 15 years （ ） .4.Who was Miss Fanny Jackson?5.How did Robert Spring start to sell forgeries?6.All of the following are ways a forger

23、 uses EXCEPT（ ） .7.We can infer that General “Stonewall Jackson” was （ ） .8.We can infer that sharp-eyed experts are those who （ ） .问题1选项A.There was a greater demand there than in American.B.There was less chance of being detected there.C.Britain was Springs birthplace.D.The prices were higher in En

24、gland and Canada.问题2选项A.southern moneyB.signature of George Washington and Ben FranklinC.southern manuscripts and lettersD.Civil War battle plans问题3选项A.running a bookstore in PhiladelphiaB.corresponding with Miss Fanny JacksonC.as a forgerD.as respectable dealer问题4选项A.The only daughter of General “S

25、tonewall” Jackson.B.A little known girl who sold her fathers paper to Robert Spring.C.Robert Springs daughter.D.An imaginary person created by Spring问题5选项A.He discovered that he had the ability of copying handwriting.B.He was almost dying in poverty.C.The collection of early US autographs was all so

26、ld out.D.He was trying to make a living.问题6选项A.Buying old books to use the aged paper of the title pageB.treating paper with chemicalsC.treating ink with chemicalsD.adding new paper into the old books问题7选项A.a real personB.an imaginary personC.an unknown personD.not a general at all问题8选项A.have good e

27、yesight to read booksB.are highly skilled at distinguishing the forgeries and the originalsC.have a keen insight into understanding world affairsD.can see far into the distance【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:B【解析】1.根据关键词“ England and Canada”定位到第一段最后一句“To lessen the chance of detection, he

28、 sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and circulation.”Spring将赝品送到英国和加拿大售卖是因为被查到的机会更小, 选项B符合原文。2.根据第三段的内容可知, 美国内战之后, 英国人依然对南部各州情有独钟。于是Spring虚构出Jackson将军的独生女, 因贫困卖掉大量属于她著名父亲的信件和手稿。所以选项C符合原文。3.根据关键词“15 years”定位到第一段第一句“Robert Spring, a 19th century forger, was so good at his profession tha

29、t he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans.”19世纪的伪造者Robert Spring非常擅长自己的职业, 他靠出售美国名人的假签名谋生15年。所以选项C正确。4.根据第三段的内容以及关键词“invented”可知, Fanny Jackson只是Spring虚构出来的一个人物, 目的是为了售卖他造假的Jackson将军的手稿和信件, 所以选项D正确。5.根据第一段倒数第二句“Discovering his ability at copying ha

30、ndwriting, he began imitating signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books.”当他发现自己有抄写笔迹的能力, 于是开始模仿乔治华盛顿和本富兰克林的签名, 并把它们写在旧书的扉页上。选项A符合原文。6.根据第二段的最后两句可知“they buy old books to use the aged paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with

31、 chemicals.”他们买旧书来使用扉页的旧纸, 他们可以用化学物质处理纸张和墨水。只有选项D没有提及。7.根据第三段的内容可知, 虽然Fanny Jackson是Spring虚构的人物, 但“石墙”将军这个人是真实存在的, 因为Spring所造假的手稿和信件是这位将军的, 所以选项A正确。8.根据最后一段最后一句“.leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries form the originals.”留给目光敏锐的专家们一项艰巨的任务:将他（Spring）的赝品与真品分开。选项B符合原文

32、。3. 单选题Mothers and matchmakers have always known that not being monied is a definite health hazard. But when a team of research from the University of California, San Francisco, reported a few weeks ago that middle-aged men without wives were actually twice as likely to die during a 10-year span as

33、men with wives, the espoused and the spouseless alike stopped to take notice. It was the kind of news that swept through offices and watering holes and it made people feel smug and anxious, depending on their circumstances. Now the researchers who conducted the study are trying to find out what acco

34、unted for the dramatic differences in survival rates.The investigators, headed by UCSF associate professor of epidemiology and biostatistics Maradee A. Davis, had set cut to examine the effect of various living arrangements on mortality. Because of the buttering social support marriage is known to p

35、rovide. Davis and her colleagues fully expected to find that men and women dwelling alone fared worst in survival rates. It came as some surprise, however, that in their study population, subjects who shared living quarters with people other than a spouse had the same lower survival rates as those w

36、ho lived by themselves.The critical factor, Davis says, seems to be the presence of a spouse.The lower survival rates for the spouseless were found primarily in men who were widowed, separated or divorced, rather than in those who had never been married. Davis and her colleagues have already elimina

37、ted certain health factors as causes of higher mortality by adjusting their data to discount the effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and lack of exercise. Now they will look more closely at a variety of other considerations, such as blood pressure, cholesteric levels and chronic illness

38、es.While many middle-aged men now know the difference between a cheese grater and a garlic press, nutrition may still account for some of the California studys findings. Previous research by Davis team showed that unmarried man-even if they lived with other peopleate less healthy diets than married

39、me. Traditional sex roles have meant that men arent as well informed as women about nutritional shopping and food preparation, says Davis.Emotional and social factors probably also played a role in higher mortality among the spouseless men. The San Francisco researchers will examine a randomly selec

40、ted subgroup of their study population for more detailed medical data, and theyll look at a trait they call “general well-being.” This focuses on subjectively reported feelings and moods, rather than specific psychological symptoms. The researchers will analyze questionnaires that asked how frequent

41、ly the men felt worried, nervous or poorly rested. But the team will also look at the causes of death; if the men without wives show higher rates of suicide or fatal accidents, its likely that emotional stress contributed to their higher mortality rate.Davis has already discovered that the married m

42、en reported a significantly higher level of well-being than those who werent married. So perhaps the explanation for their longer survival isnt really so complicated. Because they are cared for by nurturing wives, they just plainly feel happier than the other guys do. And what better reason is there

43、 than that for staying alive?1.When researchers reported that middle-aged men without wives were twice as likely to die during a 10-year span as men with wives（ ）.2.According to the passage, a man （ ） was likely to have the lowest survival rates.3.The word discount (line 4 of paragraph 3) most proba

44、bly means （ ） .4.The word this in line 4 of paragraph 5 refers to（ ） .5.Which of the following can be the title for the passage?问题1选项A.people felt both pleased and worriedB.people felt so shocked that they told one another about the newsC.people felt that the old saying No news is good news is reall

45、y trueD.people under different circumstances reacted differently to it问题2选项A.who was widowed, separated or divorcedB.who had never been marriedC.who was living with his wifeD.who shared living quarters with people问题3选项A.overlookB.understateC.discontentD.overstate问题4选项A.higher mortalityB.a randomly s

46、elected subgroupC.a traitD.more detailed medical data问题5选项A.For a Longer Life, Take a Wife.B.A New Survey on Survival Rates.C.The Espoused and the Spouseless.D.Living Arrangements and Mortality【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段倒数第二句“It was the kind of news that swept through offices and wateri

47、ng holes and it made people feel smug and anxious, depending on their circumstances.”这类新闻席卷了办公室和酒吧, 人们既高兴又焦虑, 当然这取决于他们所处的环境。选项D符合原文。2.根据第三段第一句“The lower survival rates for the spouseless were found primarily in men who were widowed, separated or divorced, rather than in those who had never been marr

48、ied.”无配偶者的存活率较低, 主要是丧偶、分居或离婚的男性, 而非从未结过婚的男性。所以选项A符合原文。3.根据原文句意：Davis和她的同事们已经通过调整他们的数据, 排除了某些健康因素作为高死亡率的原因, 对吸烟、饮酒、肥胖和缺乏锻炼等影响忽略不计。由此可推断, 选项A与“discount”意思相近。4.根据原文句意：他们将研究一种他们称之为“总体幸福感”的特征。这个特征是主观产生的感觉和情绪, 而不是具体的心理症状。由此可知, “this”指代是上句提到的“trait”。选项C正确。5.结合全文内容可知, 本文首先介绍了婚姻状况与死亡率密切相关, 通过进一步调查发现死亡率与其他生活方

49、式也有关联, 由此可知, 选项D最能概括全文。4. 翻译题Passage 1人体移植器官非常短缺。虽然实验室里能够培育出膀胱和皮肤, 但形成更加错综复 杂的器官和血管网络则非常棘手, 例如心脏、肾、肝、肺、胰腺, 胆囊和肌肉组织。从 猪身体上进行异种器官移植是另一个新途径。每一个这样的移植器官都是自然发育的复 杂器官。只要人体接受它们, 这将形成源源不断的人体移植器官来源。Passage 2近日, 美国一个机场开始采用一种新的安检技术。在乘客接受安检时, 只有远程的 管理局工作人员才能看到图像, 但看不到乘客万人, 而现场安检人员则相反。这种图像 不能被保存、传输和打印, 看过之后将会立刻被删

50、除。此外, 远程工作人员看到的图像 面部经过模糊化处理。预计这种方法将很快得到推广使用。Passage 3手表定理在企业经营管理方面给我们一种非常直观的启发, 就是对同一个人或同一 个组织的管理不能同时采用两种不同的方法, 不能同时设置两个不同的目标。否则将使 这个企业或这个人天所适从。手表定理所指的另一层含义在于每个人都不能同时挑选两 种不同的价值观, 否则, 你的行为将陷于混乱。Choose ONLY ONE text form the following and translate it into English. Write your translation on the Answer

51、 Sheet provided if more than ONE translation appears on the Answer Sheet, only the first or the indicated one would be scored【答案】Passage 1Human organ transplantation falls far shortage of demand. Although our laboratory is capable of developing a bladder and skin, replicating its intricate internal

52、network of blood vessels is fairly involved (incredibly difficult).For example, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas and muscle. Pigs are considered as a new organ donor for human future xenotransplantation. Each of these transplanted organs is a complex natural-developed one. As long as the human b

53、ody accepts them, that would be an alternate source of human organs for transplant.Passage 2Recently, an American airport is introducing a new security technology. When the passengers are going through airport security inspection, their images can only be seen by the remote administration workers, a

54、nd for them, the passengers themselves are invisible. For the security staff, the opposite is true. This image cant be stored, transmitted or printed and will be deleted immediately after seen. In addition, the facial features are obscured in the image. This method is expected to be soon applied.Pas

55、sage 3Watch Theorem offers us a very intuitive inspiration in the aspect of enterprise management, that is, management of the same person or the same organization cannot use two different methods or set two diverse goals at the same time. Otherwise it will make the enterprise or the person confused

56、about what to do. Watch Theorem refers to another layer of meaning is, everyone can not choose from two different values, or else, your actions will be in chaos.5. 单选题Diseases of the twenty-first century are inevitably be different from those of the twentieth century; just as our present illnesses h

57、ave been quite different from those of the nineteenth century. Although our health is improving in many ways and we are living longer than in previous decades, new diseases and conditions threaten the quality of our lives. We have already observed some significant changes in the 1980s that foretold

58、what health problems lie ahead in the twenty-first century:Diseases of the immune system, not just AIDS but various conditions of a deficient or overactive immune system, have reached epidemic proportions.The number of people suffering from viral conditions that are incurable with conventional thera

59、pies is increasing, and the number of newly defined viral conditions, such as the Epstein-Barr Virus and cytomegalovirus, is also increasing significantly.More and more bacterial infections are becoming resistant to commonly used antibiotics and are requiring stronger antibiotics, which also are net

60、 always successful in curing the infections.Allergies to foods, to common substances such as animal hairs and house dust, and to new chemicals are becoming more prevalent. One in seven Americans had an allergy in 1950, as many as one in five had an allergy in 1970, and approximately 75 million Ameri

61、cans, or nearly one in three, had an allergy in 1985.Chronic disability is affecting people more frequently at younger and younger ages. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the percentage of children under 17 years of age who are limited in activity due to chronic conditions incr

62、eased by 86% from 1967 to 1979.Mental disease is affecting more and more people. The National Institute of Mental Health estimated in 1984 that one in every five Americans had a mental disorder. This same study revealed that, during a six-month period, 8.3% of Americans suffered from an anxiety diso

63、rder, 6.4% had an alcohol or drug problem, and 6% had a mood disorder.In addition to these various trends, one of the more significant facts that will affect the future of health care is that larger percentage of the population will be over 65 years old. According to projections by the US Bureau of the Census, the size of the American population Over 65 in 1985 will have doubled by 2030.Futurists generally assume that twenty-first century medicine will include new and more-powerful drugs and various innovative t