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1、外研社八年级英语下册模块3 Journey to space学问点归纳学问点一：模块3的短语1. school project学校工程2. hear the news听新闻3. on the news在新闻上4. be far away遥远的5. in the spaceship在宇宙飞船上6. lots of很多7. in order to为了8. the latest news最新的新闻9. space travel太空旅行10. go online上网11. search for搜寻12. hundreds of millions of years几亿年13. a small part
2、of一小局部14. communicate with sb.与某人沟通15. Its impossible to do做事情是不行能的16. write back回信17. go around环绕18. take photos 拍照19. billions of数十亿的20. in the universe宇宙21. finish doing sth.完成做某事22. be named after 以命名学问点二：重点词语说明Unit one1. What are you up to？你在做什么？be up to sth.正在做某事，忙于某事eg：I havent seen you these
3、 days.What are you up to 这些天我都没有见到你。你在做什么呢？be up to sb.由某人确定eg：Which one do you want It is up to you.你想要哪一个？你确定吧。2. news n.新闻；消息eg：The news is at seven.新闻节目在七点播出。news是不行数名词，没有复数形式。假如表示一则消息用a piece of news。eg：I have a piece of news to tell you.我有一则消息告知你。辨析news, message与information(1)news不行数名词，通常指通过电视
4、、报纸、播送等新闻媒体向群众发布的社会各方面的消息。eg:He had to break the news to her.他不得不向她透露消息。(2)message,可数名词，通常指口头传递或书写的“音信”。eg:He often sends me short messages.他常常给我发送短信息。(3)information不行数名词，通常指通过视察、学习、阅读与交谈得到的资料、信息等。eg:The book contains much new information.这本书有很多的新信息。3. arrive v.到达；抵达eg：They arrived at the school bef
5、ore the bell rang.在铃响之前他们到达了学校。辨析reach, arrive与get(1)arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。eg:I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。(2)reach及物动词，后面可以干脆加宾语。eg:Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。(3) get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。eg:When did you get to the park 你什么时候到公园的？留意：当arrive, get后接
6、表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get地点副词。词语大地点小地点其他副词arrive+in+atarrive here, arrive there, arrive homereachreach +地点reach here, reach there, reach homegetget to+地点get here, get there, get home4.yet adv.还，尚eg：I havent heard from her yet.我还没有收到她的来信。辨析yet与already(1)yet常用在如今完成时的否认句(还，尚)与疑问句(已
7、经)中，议论尚未发生的事情。eg：We havent got any further information yet.我们还没有得到进一步的消息。(2)already常用在如今完成时的确定句中，议论已经发生的事情。用在疑问句中，表达说话人的“惊异；意外”。eg：I have already seen the film.我已经看过那部电影了。 Have you had breakfast already莫非你已经吃过早饭了？5.farther adj. & adv.更远eg：Three miles is farther than two.3英里比2英里远。辨析farther与further（1）
8、farther, farther表示间隔 或时间上“更远 (的)”；可用于比拟级句子中，与than连用。 eg:I cant go any farther.我再也走不动了。（2）further, further可以表示间隔 或时间上“更远(的)”，还可以表示抽象意义的“更多的，更进一步的”，而farther不能这样用。eg:I have nothing further to say.我没有更多要说的了。Unit two1. however conj.但是(1) 表示转折用于谈及一个既成事实时，表示转折，其意为“可是”“仍旧”等等。可放在句首、句中或句末，通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。e.g.:
9、My father, however, did not agree.但是，我父亲不同意。(2) “无论如何”“不管怎样”，用来修饰形容词或副词，其词序为however + 形容词或副词（=no matter how +形容词或副词）+主语+谓语e.g.:Phone me when you arrive, however late it is.你到达之后就给我打 ，不管多么晚也要打。2. none pron.没有一人；没有一个；一点儿也没有eg：Is there any more sugar 还有糖吗？ No, none at all.不，一点儿也没有了。none既可指人，也可指物，是不定代词，
10、指“三者或三者以上都不”，与all互为反义词。eg：How many birds are there in the tree树上有几只鸟？ None.一只也没有。none of.“没有一个，都不”。none of短语作主语时，假如代替可数名词，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；假如代替不行数名词，谓语动词只能用单数形式。eg：None of the money is hers.这钱没有一点是她的。None of my friends is/are here.我的挚友们都不在这里。辨析none与no onenone用于指人或物,可单独运用,也可与of连用，常用于答复how many或how much引
11、导的问句。eg：How many birds can you see there 你在那里能看到多少只鸟？ None.一只也看不到。no one,“没有人”，相当于nobody，只用于指人，不行以与of连用,作主语时谓语动词只能用单数形式，常用于答复who引导的问句。eg：Who is in the library 谁在图书馆？ No one.没有人。3. billion num.十亿eg：There are billions of trees in the country. 这个国家有数十亿棵树。当表示详细数目时，billion后不加s；当表示不确定的数目时，billion后加s，且后面跟o
12、f。留意：类似用法的词还有：hundred, thousand, million等。eg：1.3 billion people 十三亿人； thousands of houses 数以千计的房子3.enough adv.充分地；足够地eg：She was lucky enough to catch the last bus. 她能赶上末班车很幸运。enough作副词，修饰形容词或副词时放在被修饰词后面。eg：He is not old enough to join the army. 他年龄尚小，不能参军。enough作限定词，修饰名词可放在被修饰词之前或之后，但放在名词前面更常见。eg：We
13、 have enough time to finish the work. We have time enough to finish the work. 我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。“.notadj.enoughto do sth.”常与“too.to.”与“so.that否认形式的从句”互换。eg：他年龄尚小，不能开车。 He is not old enough to drive a car. He is too young to drive a car. He is so young that he cant drive a car.4municate v.沟通;沟通;传递eg：We
14、should communicate our policy to the local people. 我们应当把我们的政策传递给当地人民。communicate with sb.“与某人沟通”。eg：They use their own language to communicate with each other.他们用他们自己的语言相互沟通。communicate sth.to sb.“向某人传递某物”。eg：Kate often communicates messages to her friends. 凯特常常给她的挚友们传达信息。Unit threeas.as 与一样eg：She i
15、s as tall as her sister.她与她的姐姐一样高。as.as中间用形容词或副词的原级。其否认构造为：not as/so.as意为“不如”。eg：Mike can speak Chinese as well as Li Ming. 迈克说汉语可以与李明说得一样好。 Jack doesnt run as/so fast as Nick. 杰克没有尼克跑得快。as.as还可用在某些固定构造中：as.as possible/sb.can 尽可能as long as 只要as far as 就来说as soon as 一就学问点三：语法：如今完成时与一般过去时的区分时态如今完成时一般过
16、去时概念表示在以前某个时间已经发生的行为活动曾经做过的事情对目前的影响一般过去时也表示过去常常或反复发生的动作构造have / has donedid时间状语yet, recently, already, so far, by now, just, for + 一段时间，since+时间点ago, yesterday, last week, just now, long long ago, once upon a time, the day before yesterday例句The scientists have not heard it yet.I have already read th
17、e book twice.She has just heard the news.Mike hasnt come yet.We had a football match last week.留意：牢记如今完成时的时间状语瞬间动词的完成时不能接一段时间when不能与如今完成时连用区分have/ has been (to) 去没去过 have / has gone (to)去了，没回来 have / has been (in)去过，回来了eg：My brother isnt at home.He has gone to the market.我的弟弟不在家。他去市场了。I have been to Hong Kong once.我去过香港一次。当没有明确的时间状语时，推断是否该用如今完成时的标准是：谓语动词的行为是否对如今有影响，假如对如今有影响，则用如今完成时。eg：She has had breakfast and she isnt hungry now.她吃过早饭了，如今她不饿。
外研社八年级英语下册模块3 Journey to space知识点归纳
