2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题21（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-山东大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The boy was very naughty, his mother（ ）punishment to make him obey.问题1选项A.took advantageB.made useC.resorted toD.turned for【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。took advantage “利用”，与of搭配; made use “利用”，与of搭配; resorted to “ 诉诸”；turned for “逆转，转变”。句意：这个男孩很顽皮，他的妈妈诉诸于惩罚使他听话。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题T

2、he excursion will give you an even deeper（ ）into our language and culture.问题1选项A.inquiryB.investigationC.inputD.insight【答案】D【解析】名词词义解析。inquiry “查询”；investigation “调查”；input “输入”；insight “洞悉”。句意：这次旅行将会提供一个语言和文化的深入了解。选项D符合题意。3. 写作题Describe children surfing the net briefly and give your comments.【答案】No

3、wadays, the Internet is one of the most powerful tools throughout the world. The Internet is a collection of various services and resources for people. Almost all households have access to the Internet ； however, before people connecting the Internet, they need to be aware of its disadvantages and a

4、dvantages. Children of net users have become a big concern. Most parents do not realize the dangers involved when their children log onto the Internet. When children are online, they can easily be lured into something dangerous. When children talk to others online, they do not realize they could act

5、ually be talking to a harmful person. As a result, there have been many cases where children have been convinced to meet people they have talked with online. In addition, children may also receive pornography online by mistake; therefore, causing concern among parents everywhere. Whether surfing the

6、 Web, reading newsgroups, or using email, children can be exposed to extremely inappropriate material. Pornographic sites tend to make sure they are the first sites to be listed in any search area； thus, children come across such sites easily.We could control the issue from the following three aspec

7、ts. First and foremost, parents are responsible for their own children on the Internet because there are available services to protect children. Further, to keep children safe, parents and teachers must be aware of the dangers. They must actively guide and guard their children online and should talk

8、 to children about what is online and what might happen online. In addition, the companies should develop a number of tools available today that may help keep the Internet environment safer for children. In other words, children want to explore things； however, there are people on the Internet that

9、are just too persuasive.4. 单选题A 1994 World Bank report concluded that _ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.问题1选项A.enrollingB.assigningC.involvingD.consenting【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。enroll “登记，注册”；assign “分配，指派”；involve “涉及”；consent “允许，赞成

10、”。句意：1994年世界银行的报告总结道，学校注册招收女孩可能在现今的发展中国家中是对抗贫困最有效的政策。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题John was so in his book that he did not hear the doorbell ring.问题1选项A.engagedB.occupiedC.absorbedD.concentrated【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。absorbed “全神贯注的”；engaged “使用中的”；occupied “已占用的”；concentrated “集中注意力的”，本题用be absorbed in“全神贯注于”更为合适。句意：约翰如

11、此全神贯注地阅读书籍，以至于他没有听到门铃。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Motorcyclists should wear helmets to（ ）them from injury.问题1选项A.saveB.shieldC.shelterD.defend【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。save意为“使免于受到的损伤”；shield指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害；shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避危害；defend指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害。题中是指运用头盔这种工具躲避伤害。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Many of the conditions that _ populat

12、ion pressures overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness lead to dissatisfaction.问题1选项A.bring forwardB.give rise toC.feed up withD.result from【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。bring forward “提出，提前”； give rise to “引起”； feed up with “对厌烦”； result from “起因于”。句意：许多由于人口压力导致的条件，过度拥挤、失业、贫困、饥饿和疾病，导致了不满。选项D符合题意。8

13、. 单选题We maintain a reflexive, （ ） affection for Uncle Ralph, the boring fellow with interminable stories of a time we never knew.问题1选项A.hatefulB.distancedC.lovingD.glaring【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。hateful “可恨的”；distanced “距离远的”；loving “忠诚的”；glaring “耀眼的，瞪视的”。句意：我们对Ralph叔叔有一种反射式的疏远式的喜爱，这个无聊的家伙一次性没完没了地讲了很多我们不知

14、道的故事。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that _ the speakers stopped for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at intervalsC.at easeD.at random【答案】B【解析】介词词组辨析。at large “整个地”；at intervals “不时”；at ease “不紧张”；at random“随机”。句意：讨论太长并且令人筋疲力尽，以至于说话的人时不时停下来吃点点心。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题The most frust

15、rating periods of any diet are the inevitable _, when weight loss _ if not stops.问题1选项A.moods. acceleratesB.feasts. haltsC.holidays. contractsD.plateaus. slows【答案】D【解析】名词和动词词义辨析。mood “情绪，语气”；feast “筵席，宴会”；holiday “度假”；plateaus “高原，停滞时期”。accelerate “加速，促进”；halt “停止”；contract “感染，订约”；slow “放慢，阻碍”。句意：任

16、何节食中最令人沮丧的时期是不可避免的停滞时期，如果不停止，体重下降会放慢。选项D符合题意。11. 单选题Too much（ ）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.问题1选项A.exposureB.disclosureC.contactD.connection【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。exposure to “暴露于”；disclosure “揭发”；contact “接触”；connection “联系”。句意：过多暴露在X射线下对皮肤有伤害，也可能导致癌症或者其他伤害。选项A符合题意。12

17、. 翻译题According to a growing body of experience, the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids, ending up in your body.【答案】根据越来越多的亲身体验，许多制成塑料制品的化学用品可能会移动到食物和流体上，最终进入你的体内。13. 单选题It is ironic that the _ insights of the great thinkers are voiced so of

18、ten that they have become mere_.问题1选项A.original. clichesB.banal. beliefsC.dubious. habitsD.philosophical. questions【答案】A【解析】形容词和名词词义辨析。original “原始的，最初的”；banal “陈腐的，平庸的”；dubious “可疑的，暧昧的”；philosophical “哲学的，冷静的”。cliches “陈词滥调”；belief “信仰”；habit “习惯”；question “问题”。句意：讽刺的是，这些伟大思想家最初的真知灼见经常被提及，以至于他们只不过

19、变成了一些陈词滥调。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题With facilities worth 30 to 50 billion dollars and 9,000 miles of roads in the national park system alone, keeping up with needed repairs is_（ ）_.问题1选项A.overwhelmingB.appallingC.dominantD.appealing【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。overwhelming “势不可挡的”；appalling “令人震惊的”；dominant “主导的”；appeali

20、ng “吸引力的”。句意：仅国家公园系统就拥有价值300亿到500亿美元的设施和9000英里的道路，维修花费是令人吃惊的。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird _ a set of actions to protect its offspring.问题1选项A.hastensB.releasesC.devisesD.initiates【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。hastens “催促，加速”；releases “释放，发表”；devises “发明，图谋”；initiates “发动，发起”

21、。句意：如果猫越来越靠近嘲鸫的巢，它将会发动一系列行动去保护它的后代。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armi

22、es. None of them foresaw that the more we are together the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group pro

23、duced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds，catarrhs （黏膜炎）and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injur

24、y to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy （中风）. Thesudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course ab

25、le to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to

26、sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they w

27、ere just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few modes except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic （滑稽的）press. This kind of thing: A man w

28、as seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second- and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have

29、sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.1.All boys and girls i

30、n large families know that_.2.According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except_.3.According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but_.4.We may safely conclude that_.5.What is the tone of this passage?问题1选项A.a boy and a girl usu

31、ally fight when they are togetherB.people tend to be together more than they used to beC.a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD.railway leads the world to peace问题2选项A.the railway enables people to travel fastB.the railway brings comfort to peopleC.the railway makes the world peacefulD.t

32、he railway leads the world to war as well问题3选项A.tunnels are dangerous to public healthB.the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect peoples nervesC.the rapid speed through the air does damage to peoples lungsD.to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to d

33、ie问题4选项A.the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB.the author belongs to the for-railway groupC.the author speaks highly of the railwayD.the author may never take train because of its potential dangers问题5选项A.Practical.B.Satirical.C.Humorous.D.Exaggerated.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。

34、根据文章第一段最后一句，“the more we are together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.”，可知男孩女孩们都知道，大家越是团结在一起，发生战争的机会就越大，选项C符合题意。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“None of them foresaw that the more we are together the more chances there are of war.”，可知没有人预见到铁路是发生战争机会越来越多的原因

35、。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句，“would be most dangerous to public health”，可知火车对人体健康是最危险的。选项A可排除。根据文章第二段第三句，“The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves.”，可知噪音和眩光对人的神经有影响，选项B可排除。根据第二段第四句，“would do grave injury to delicate lungs.”，可知对人体肺部也有影响，选项C排除。选项D符合题意。

36、 4.推断题。根据文章第一段，“They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies.”，可知人们没有预见铁路是敌军快速移动的一种方式，可推断出作者提出了火车的不好，表明了自己反对铁路的立场，所以他是反铁路组织的一员。选项A符合题意。 5.作者态度题。文章第二段提到了火车会对身体健康等各方面带来危害，最后一段还举到了一位作家对火车描述的例子，可见作者是运用了讽刺的语气来描写的。选项B符合题意。 17. 单选题Stores and

37、 supermarkets have been（ ）with each other to attract customers.问题1选项A.strivingB.vyingC.conqueringD.sprouting【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。striving “奋斗，力争”；vying “使针锋相对”； conquering “战胜，征服”；sprouting “使发芽；使萌芽”。句意：商店和超市针锋相对，都想要吸引顾客。选项B符合题意。18. 单选题The criminal was told he would be（ ）from punishment if he said what h

38、e knew about the murder.问题1选项A.immuneB.immigrantC.imminentD.infallible【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。immune “免疫的”； immigrant “移民的”；imminent “即将来临的”；infallible “绝对可靠的”。句意：如果这个罪犯能说出有关谋杀犯的事，他可以免受惩罚。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and _ for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant

39、 it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.问题1选项A.ingredientB.relianceC.shelterD.inclination【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。ingredient “要素，组成部分”，reliance “信赖”；shelter “庇护，避难所”；inclination “倾向，爱好”。句意：多我们来说知识是舒适而必要的归宿在我们年老的时候，如果年轻时不开始，年老的时候它就不会给我们遮阴。选项C符合题意。20. 单选题The study of genetics has given rise

40、to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name （1）, it combines biology and modem technology through such （2 ） as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, （3 ） in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent （取得专利）seeds that give a high yi

41、eld （产量），that （4 ） disease, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for dangerous chemicals. （5 ）such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised （6 ） about genetically engineered crops. “In nature, genetic diversity （多样性）is created within certain limits,” says the

42、 book Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed （杂交）with a different kind of rose, but a rose will （7 ）cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to （8 ） a desir

43、ed property or character. This could mean, （9 ）, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes（10 ） from bac

44、teria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. （11 ）, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that（12 ） species. Like the green revolution, （13 ） some call the gene revolution（14 ） to the problem of genetic uniformity （千篇一律）- some say even more so （15 ） geneticists can employ

45、techniques such （16 ）cloning and organ culture, processes that produce perfectly（17） copies, or clones. Concerns about the biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new（18 ）, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly in

46、to a new （19 ） of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential（20）,” said science writer Jeremy Rifkin. 问题1选项A.suggestsB.recallsC.concernsD.advises问题2选项A.conceptsB.viewsC.techniquesD.courses问题3选项A.participateB.focusC.specializeD.involve问题4选项A.treatB.a

47、voidC.opposeD.resist问题5选项A.IfB.UnlessC.SinceD.As问题6选项A.demandsB.topicsC.concernsD.lessons问题7选项A.sometimesB.neverC.frequentlyD.eventually问题8选项A.conveyB.transferC.selectD.collect问题9选项A.for exampleB.for one thingC.on one handD.in any case问题10选项A.resultedB.evolvedC.injectedD.taken问题11选项A.In contrastB.In

48、 thatC.In caseD.In essence问题12选项A.separateB.formC.createD.vary问题13选项A.whatB.whereC.asD.so问题14选项A.combinesB.contributesC.commandsD.breaks问题15选项A.thatB.becauseC.ifD.when问题16选项A.likeB.for exampleC.asD.is问题17选项A.resemblingB.alikeC.similarD.identical问题18选项A.issuesB.heightC.difficultiesD.goals问题19选项A.spot

49、B.eraC.deadlineD.scheme问题20选项A.navigationsB.mysteryC.outcomesD.destinations【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:B第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D第11题:C第12题:A第13题:A第14题:B第15题:B第16题:C第17题:D第18题:A第19题:B第20题:C【解析】（1）动词词义辨析。根据文章第一句，可知the name 指代第一句中的biotechnology，所以这个名字暗示了它是生物和现代技术的结合，选项A符合题意。（2）查上下文语义。根据上文，such指代前面提到的

50、生物和现代技术，所以只有technique技术能概括前面的信息，选项C符合题意。（3）动词词组辨析。participate in “参加，分享”；focus on “集中于”；specialize in “专门研究 ”；involve in “参与，涉及”。句意：一些新的生物科技公司，专门研究农业方面的问题。选项C符合题意。（4）动词词义辨析。Treat “治疗，对待”；avoid “避免”；oppose “反对，对抗”；resist “抵抗”。句意：能够抵抗干旱、疾病和霜冻，并且减少对化学用品需求的种子。选项D符合题意。（5）逻辑关系。空格的这句和下一句应该是假设关系，if引导条件状语从句，

51、句意：如果这些目标能够实现，那么将会是最大的好处。选项A符合题意。（6）固定搭配。concern about “对担心”，句意：一些人对转基因农作物越来越担心。选项C符合题意。（7）考查上下文语义。上文提到基因多样性是在特定范围内创建的，“A rose can be crossed （杂交）with a different kind of rose”，玫瑰可以和其他不同种类的玫瑰杂交，后面空格应该是表示转折，句意：但是玫瑰不能和土豆杂交。选项B符合题意。（8）动词词义辨析。convey “运达，传输”； transfer “转移”；select “选择”； collect “收集”。句意：从一

52、种物种上获取基因，然后将其植入到另一物种中，尝试转移一种希望得到的特性。选项B符合题意。（9）考查上下文语义。根据上下文，用北极鱼防冻基因植入草莓土豆，使其也具有防冻特性的例子来说明了基因转移的过程。选项A符合题意。（10）动词词组辨析。resulted from “起因于”；evolved from “演变而来”；injected from “从注射”；taken from “从取出”。句意：现在用从病毒、细菌、昆虫、动物乃至人体中提取的基因来改造植物是可能的。选项D符合题意。（11）词组辨析。in contrast “与此相反”；in that “因为，由于”；in case “万一，假使

53、”；in essence “本质上”。句意：假使生物技术允许人类打破基因墙。选项C符合题意。（12）动词词义辨析。separate “分离，分开” ；form “构成，形成” ；create “创造，造成” ；vary “改变，使多样化”。句意：生物技术使人们打破分隔物种的基因壁垒。选项A符合题意。（13）考查语法。空格应该是主语从句的引导词，句意：如同绿色革命一般，我们所说的基因革命有助于解决基因千篇一律的问题。有what引导主语从句。选项A符合题意。（14）固定搭配。contribute to “有助于”，句意：基因革命有助于解决基因千篇一律的问题。选项B符合题意。（15）逻辑关系。空格前

54、后构成了因果关系。句意：因为遗传学者能采用技术，所以有助于解决基因千篇一律的问题选项B符合题意。（16）固定搭配。空格后面是举了克隆和器官培养的例子，所以用such as “比如”，选项C符合题意。（17）形容词词义辨析。resembling “像”，不是形容词，可排除 ；alike “相同的” ；similar “相似的”；identical “同一的，完全相同的”。文中是指完全相同的基因复制和克隆。选项D符合题意。（18）名词词义辨析。issues “问题”； height “高度”； difficulties “困难”；goals “目标”。句意：转基因植物可能带来新的问题。选项A符合题意。（19）名词词义辨析。spot “地点”；era “时代，年代”；deadline “最后期限”；scheme “计划”。句意：我们正盲目地飞向农业生物科学技术的新时代。选项B符合题意。（20）名词词义辨析。navigations “航海”；mystery “神秘”；outcomes “结果”；destinations “目的地”。句意：不知道会带来什么样的潜在结果。选项C符合题意。