2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题3（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题42. Translate the following passage into English. (15)中央电视台春节联欢晚会（简称“春晚”）自1983年开办以来，已成为中国人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消费品和一个挥之不去的文化符号。虽然众口难调，但必须承认的是，“春晚”已成为公众所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不仅是一台晚会，更是一种仪式与象征，一种文化与标签，一种情感与寄托。随着时代发展及新媒体的出现，观众的选择和需求日渐多样化，“春晚”也在与时俱进，以满足大众日益增长的文化需求。【答案】【参考译文】The CCTV

2、 Spring Festival Gala (Spring Festival Gala for short), which was started in 1983, has become an indispensable cultural consumer product and a cultural symbol in the cultural life of the Chinese people. Though its hard to satisfy the tastes of all the people, it has to be admitted that the Spring Fe

3、stival Gala has become a “new custom” for the public that they cant live without. The Spring Festival Gala is more than a gala; it is a ritual and a symbol, a culture and a label, and an emotion and a place where people entrust their hearts to. With the development of the times and the emerging of n

4、ew media, the audiences are having more diversified choices and demands. Corresponding, the Spring Festival Gala is also advancing with the times to satisfy the growing cultural needs of the people.2. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. You should write your answer on the An

5、swer Sheet.41. How can history make men wise? History often repeats itself as farce precisely what may soon play out in Washington. AS World War II was drawing to a close. Experts from the worlds leading countries gathered at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, to create a global economic order. They esta

6、blished the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund and called for a new body to supervise global commerce that eventually become known as the International Trade Organization. When it became time for the United States Congress to approve the ITO, President Harry Truman, preoccupied with a pl

7、an for the United States health-care reform, failed to lobby vigorously for the ITO. Protectionists torpedoed the proposal, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, or GATT, the loose trade organization that has governed world commerce since then, was cobbled together as an interim replacemen

8、t. Now it is for the Clinton Administration to approve the WTO. Should history repeat itself that could all come to naught. The supreme purpose of history is a better world.【答案】历史怎么能使人明智呢？历史常常以闹剧的形式重演而华盛顿可能很快就会上演这样的一幕。当第二次世界大战接近尾声时。来自世界主要国家的专家齐聚新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林，以建立一个全球经济秩序。他们建立了世界银行和国际货币基金组织，并呼吁成立一个新的机构

9、来监督全球贸易，这个机构最终被称为国际贸易组织。当美国国会批准国际贸易组织的时候，哈里杜鲁门总统全神贯注于美国的医疗改革计划，未能积极游说国际贸易组织。贸易保护主义者破坏了这一提议，关税及贸易总协定（简称GATT）自那以后管理世界贸易的松散贸易组织被拼凑起来作为临时替代品。现在是克林顿政府批准世界贸易组织（简称WTO）的时候了。如果历史重演，一切都将化为乌有。历史的最大的使命是使世界更加美好。3. 单选题Many of the successful men, had they be enable to choose for themselves, would have selected som

10、e quite different professions（ ）they have made fortunes.问题1选项A.from that in whichB.from whichC.in whichD.from what【答案】A【解析】from that in which 相当于(different profession) from the professions in which they make fortunes in sth“靠致富”。只有A正确。4. 单选题Now scientists cannot realize （ ）soon that existing scienti

11、fic knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.问题1选项A.soB.veryC.tooD.as【答案】C【解析】cannot.too.“无论怎样也不过分”“越越好”。本句意为：“现有的科学知识并不像课本中所说的那么完善、肯定、不可改变，对于这一点科学家认识得越早越好。”其他选项均无此搭配。5. 单选题I cant work with you（ ）all the time. Go away.问题1选项A.stepping on my toesB.br

12、eathing down my neckC.standing in the gapD.coming into your own【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项stepping on my toes的原型是step on ones toes，意思是“触怒某人”；B选项breathing down my neck的原型是breathe down ones neck，意思是“紧跟着，紧盯着”；C选项stand in the gap“挺身阻挡；首当其冲”；D选项coming into your own的原型是come into ones own，意思是“进入繁盛期；得到自己该得的东西”。句意：你

13、一直 ，我不能工作。走开。根据句意可知，“我”想让对方走开，那么很有可能是因为对方一直在监视自己，所以B选项正确。6. 单选题Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitols National

14、Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach- in” honoring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted andanother sign that our appreciatio

15、n for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you dont have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we cant afford to lose.Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial in 1909. That year, Lincolns likeness made its debut on the penny,

16、 thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Communities and civic associations in every comer of the county erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922,

17、 and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincolns presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civi

18、l War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illu

19、strate what Im talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to

20、“reassess” the legacy of Lincoln. The verdictno surprisewas negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholar

21、s drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was describedby his admirers, rememberas “nonjudgmental,” “unmoralistic,” “comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unve

22、iling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: “But hes so small!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroicapproachable and human, yes, but not s

23、omething to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincolns greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This hel

24、ps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. Weve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic phi

25、losopher, the Christian, the atheistLincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.Whats often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century agoand, through them, Lincoln hims

26、elfhave left us the hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country weve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years afte

27、r his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this years celebration, is inadequate and even halfhearted because（ ）.27. According the passage what really makes the 1909 celebrations different form this years?28. In the authors opinion, the counter-conference（ ）.29. According

28、to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary people（ ）.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seenB.no activities can be compared to those in 1909C.no Lincoln statue will be unveiledD.no memori

29、al coins will be issued问题2选项A.Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.B.Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C.Respect for great people and their influence.D.Temporal proximity to Lincolns presidency.问题3选项A.rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholarsB.resulted in simil

30、ar disparaging remarks on LincolnC.came up with somewhat favorable conclusionsD.offered a brand new reassessment perspective问题4选项A.reveals the variety of current opinions on heroesB.shows the present-day desire to emulate LincolnC.reflects the present-day tendency of worshipD.conforms to traditional

31、 images问题5选项A.The memorial is symbolic of the great mans achievements.B.Lincolns greatness remains despite the passage of time.C.Each generation has its own interpretation of Lincoln.D.People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】26、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“inad

32、equate and even halfhearted”定位到本文第二段，可知本段是指今年的庆祝是不够的，甚至有点三心二意。再根据第三段主要讲述为什么今年的庆祝是不够的，由第三段第一句话“Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial in 1909”（将今年的庆祝活动与1909年的林肯诞生100周年进行比较），然后本段主要介绍了1909年的庆祝活动的盛大，所以可知今年的庆祝不够是因为与1909年相比，是远远不够的，因此B选项符合题意；A选项没有原文依据；C、D选项都是今年庆祝活动没有，而1909年有的具体表现，所以排除。因

33、此B选项正确。27、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由26题也可知今年与1909年的庆祝活动不同的是庆祝的种类与规模，即本文的第三段介绍了有哪些不同，因此B选项符合题意。A选项“为纪念林肯而建造的建筑物”是属于庆祝的规模与范畴的；C选项说法错误，即使是今天，人们也无法用语言描述出林肯的伟大；D选项没有原文依据。因此B选项正确。28、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“counter-conference”定位到第八段最后一句“The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was describedby his

34、 admirers, rememberas nonjudgmental, unmoralistic, comfortable with ambiguity”（这位目睹了我们历史上最野蛮的战争的人，被他的崇拜者描述为请记住“不偏不倚”“不讲道德”“喜欢模棱两可”）可知反会议上学者为林肯做的画像，传递出关于林肯负面的内容，即导致了对林肯类似的贬低的言论，所以B选项与其相对应。A、C、D选项均说法错误，与B选项意义相反，所以排除。因此B选项正确。29、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“image of Lincoln”可定位到倒数第二段的第一句话“This helps to exp

35、lain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image”，后面是一些作家对林肯的形象的制造，总之是很混乱的，包括幽默家、解放者等，所以林肯的形象揭示了当前对英雄的各种不同看法，因此A选项说法正确。B、C、D选项没有原文依据。30、【试题答案】B【试题解析】总结归纳题。由题干定位到本文的最后一段。由最后一段最后一句话“Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 y

36、ears after his birth, retains the power to renew us”（这就是林肯，他可以不断地被更新，在他出生200年后，他仍然保留着更新我们的权力）可知人们对林肯的形象有不同的解释与更新，但是尽管时间流逝，林肯的伟大仍然存在，最后一段主要强调林肯的伟大不会消失且一直在影响着人们。最后一段没有提到纪念碑的内容，A选项排除；C选项体现在倒数第二段，题干问的是最后一段；D选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此B选项正确。7. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. You should

37、write your answer on the Answer Sheet.41. The crucial point is this: labor, land and money are essential elements of industry; they also must be organized in market; in fact, these markets form an absolutely vital part of the economic-system. But labor, land and money are obviously not commodities.

38、Labor is only another name for a human activity which goes with life itself, which in its turn is not produced for sale but for entirely different seasons, nor can that activity be detached from the rest of life, be stored or mobilized; land is only another name for nature, which is not produced by

39、man; actual money, finally, is merely a token of purchasing power which, as a rule, is not produced at all, but comes into being through the mechanism of banking or state finance. None of them is produced for sale. The commodity description of labor, land and money is entirely fictitious.【答案】关键在于：劳动

40、力、土地和金钱是工业的基本要素；在市场上，它们还必须以组织有序的形式呈现；事实上，这些市场构成了经济体系中绝对重要的一部分。然而劳动力、土地和金钱显然不是商品。劳动只不过是一种与生命相伴的人类活动的别名。这种人类活动不是为了出售而产生的，而是顺应不同季节而出现的。并且这种活动也不能与生命体的其他活动分离开来，无法被储存和调用。土地只是自然的另一个名称，它不是由人类产生的；实际的货币仅仅是购买力的一种表征，一般来说，这种购买力根本无法被生产，而是通过银行或国家财政机制形成的。它们都不是为销售而存在的。对劳动、土地和金钱的商品性描述完全是虚构的。8. 单选题It used to be so str

41、aightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor w

42、ould accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are maki

43、ng money from government-funded research by restricting access to it, is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victori

44、a University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the publ

45、ic investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there

46、 are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three

47、main ones were identified by the reports authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to

48、 pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribe

49、rs to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.31. In the first paragraph, the author discusses（ ）32. Which of the following

50、 is true of the OECD report?33. According to the text, online publication is significant in that （ ）34. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to（ ）35. Which of the following best summarizes the text?问题1选项A.the background information of journal editing.B.the publica

51、tion routine of laboratory reports.C.the relations of authors with journal publishers.D.the traditional process of journal publication.问题2选项A.It criticizes government-funded research.B.It introduces an effective means of publication.C.It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D.It benefits scientif

52、ic research considerably.问题3选项A.it provides an easier access to scientific results.B.it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.C.it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.D.it facilitates public investment in scientific research.问题4选项A.cover the cost of its publication.B.subscrib

53、e to the journal publishing it.C.allow other online journals to use it freely.D.complete the peer-review before submission.问题5选项A.The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B.A new mode of publication is emerging.C.Authors welcome the new channel for publication.D.Publication is rendered easier b

54、y online service.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】31.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。本段没有明显的主题句，因此需要根据句子所陈述的意思概括出该段落的主旨大意。结合各句的含义可知，第一段主要是描述了过去学术期刊的出版过程及特点，因此D选项“期刊出版的传统过程”正确。32.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第四句The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy

55、 reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits（澳大利亚维多利亚大学的约翰霍顿和经济合作与发展组织的格雷厄姆维克里共同撰写的这份报告让那些迄今已获得可观利润的出版商们读起来费劲）可推断出，出版商们“读起来费劲”显然不是因为读不懂，而是因为这个报告触及了他们的利益，因此C选项“这让盈利的期刊出版商感到不安”正确。33.【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句中的The internet and pressure from funding agencies . is making access to sc

56、ientific results a reality（互联网和来自资助机构的压力正在使获取科学结果成为现实），以及第三段第一句The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access（知识的价值和对公共研究投资的回报，在某种程度上取决于广泛的分配和方便的获取）可以推断出，知识的价值在于其广泛传播和即时获取，而互联网使得科学成果的容易获取变成现实，因此互联网在线出版的重大意义在于“它使人们更

57、容易获得科学成果”，A选项正确。34.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第五句There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published（一种是开放获取出版，通常要求作者或其雇主为论文的出版付费）可知，A选项“支付出版的费用”正确。35.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文从客观的角度，介绍了新的出版方式（由此可知B选项“出现了一种新的出版模式”正确），并没有表露作者的观点，也没

58、有从传统的出版社的角度来表示互联网是一种威胁，因此可以分别排除C选项、A选项；D选项“在线服务使发布变得更容易”本文并未提及，因此排除D选项。9. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.42.人们学会了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品质，正是这些品质使群体生活愉悦美好。在这些品质中，最重要的是同情。你若是残忍地对待动物，你就不大可能对其他人善良体贴。你若是对其他人体贴入微，你就不大可能残忍冷漠地对待动物。古代的智者写道“仁

59、者爱人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待动物并不是说我们永远不能让动物承受痛苦。人类自身就是在快乐中、也在痛苦中经受锻炼。因此，有时候也需要用惩罚来训练我们的狗和马，使他们听从我们的指令。在医生的手下，为了疗好创伤或医治疾病，我们得忍受痛苦。为了国家的利益，我们派遣最勇敢的人们直面创伤、疾病和死亡。同样，我们让战马和我们一起亲冒矢石。【答案】People have learned to value the qualities that each of them possesses that make group life enjoyable. The most important of these q

60、ualities is compassion. If you are cruel to animals, you are less likely to be kind to other people. If you treat other people with consideration, you are less likely to treat animals with cruelty and insensitivity. This is why the wise men of ancient times wrote that “benevolent men love their anim

61、als.” Being kind to animals does not mean that we should never allow animals to suffer. Man himself is exercised in pleasure as well as in pain. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary to use punishment to train our dogs and horses to obey our commands. Under the hands of a doctor, we have to suffer in

62、 order to heal a wound or cure a disease. We have sent our bravest men and women to face trauma, disease and death in the face of what is good for our country. In the same way, we let our horses march with us through the hail of bullets.10. 单选题AIDS is a global problem that demands a unified, worldwi

63、de solution, which is not only the responsibility of nation in which AIDS is most （ ）.问题1选项A.vigorousB.prevalentC.relevantD.rigorous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项prevalent“ 流行的；普遍的，广传的”；C选项relevant“相关的；切题的”；D选项rigorous“严格的，严厉的”。句意：艾滋病是一个全球性的问题，需要一个统一的、全球性的解决办法，而不仅是艾滋病盛行的国家的责任。句意要表达的是“艾滋

64、病盛行的国家”，因此B选项正确。11. 单选题The population of Pennsylvania increased from 50,000 in 1730 to more than 200,000 in 1763, （ ）to the thousands of Scotch Irish.问题1选项A.in effectB.in consequenceC.in large partD.at large【答案】C【解析】in large part 表示“主要地”，相当于mainly：in effect意为“实际”“事实上”；in consequence 意为“因而”“结果”；at large意为“大体上”。本句意为：“宾夕法尼亚的人口从1730年的5万增加到1763年的20万，主