2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题67（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题67（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题67（附答案详解）（26页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题She has the （ ）of entering graduate school or starting her professional career.问题1选项A.optimumB.optionC.orientationD.preference【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。optimum意为“最佳效果，最适宜条件”；option意为“选择权，选择（的自由）”；orientation意为“方向，定位”；preference意为“偏爱，喜爱”。句意：她可以选择进入研究生院或开始她的职业生涯。2. 单选题What

2、impact can mobile phones have on their users health? Many people are worried about the supposed ill effects caused by（1）from handsets and base stations, despite the lack of（2） evidence of any harm. But evidence for the（3） effects of mobile phones on health is rather more abundant. Indeed, a systemat

3、ic review（4） by Rifat Atun and his colleagues at Imperial College, London, rounds up 150 examples of the use of text-messaging in the（5） of health care. These uses（6） three categories: efficiency gains; public-health gains; and direct benefits to patients by（7） text-messaging into treatment regimes.

4、 The study,（8） by Vodafone, the worlds largest mobile operator, was published this week.Using texting to（9） efficiency is not rocket science, but big savings can be achieved. Several（10） carried out in England have found that the use of text-messaging reminders（11） the number of missed appointments

5、with family doctors by 26-39%, for example, and the number of missed hospital appointments（12）33-50%. If such schemes were rolled out nationally, this would（13）annual savings of about 256m-364m.Text messages are also being used to（14）patients about blood tests, clinics, scans and dental appointments

6、. Similar schemes in America, Norway and Sweden have had（15） satisfying results though the use of text-message reminders in the Netherlands, where non-attendance rates are low, at 4%, had no effect other than to annoy patients.Text messages can also be a good way to disseminate public-health informa

7、tion,（16） to groups who are hard to reach by other means, such as teenagers, or in developing countries where other means of communication are（17） . Text messages have been used in India to inform people about the World Health Organizations strategy to control tuberculosis, for example, and in Kenya

8、, Nigeria and Mall to provide information about HIV and malaria. In Iraq, text messages were used to support a campaign to vaccinate nearly 5m children against polio.Finally, there are the uses of text-messaging as part of a treatment regime. These involve sending reminders to patients to take their

9、 medicine at the fight time, or to encourage（18） with exercise regimes or efforts to stop smoking. The evidence for the effectiveness of such schemes is generally anecdotal, however, notes Dr. Rifat. More quantitative research is needed which is（19） his team also published three papers this week ass

10、ociated with the use of mobile phones in health care in more detail. One of these papers, written（20）Victoria Franklin and Stephen Greene of the University of Dundee, in Scotland, reports the results of a trial in which diabetic teenagers treatment was carried out with text messaging.问题1选项A.radiatio

11、nB.rationC.mediationD.magnetism问题2选项A.incredibleB.credibleC.credulousD.fabulous问题3选项A.beneficiaryB.profitableC.beneficentD.beneficial问题4选项A.were carried outB.are carried outC.carried outD.are being carried out问题5选项A.deliveryB.postC.transportationD.circulation问题6选项A.fall intoB.fallen intoC.are fallen

12、 intoD.falling into问题7选项A.incorporationB.incorporatedC.incorporatingD.incorporate问题8选项A.paidB.fundedC.madeD.given问题9选项A.stimulateB.boostC.correctD.reduce问题10选项A.effortsB.tryingC.trialsD.attempts问题11选项A.increasesB.improvesC.reducesD.deduces问题12选项A.byB.atC.toD.for问题13选项A.add upB.accustom toC.come toD.

13、contribute to问题14选项A.remindingB.remindC.be remindedD.reminder问题15选项A.fairlyB.considerablyC.comparativelyD.equally问题16选项A.largelyB.slightlyC.speciallyD.particularly问题17选项A.availableB.unavailableC.accessibleD.unaccessible问题18选项A.denialB.refusalC.complianceD.complexity问题19选项A.whyB.becauseC.whenD.how问题2

14、0选项A.in the company ofB.in comparison withC.in contrast withD.in conjunction with【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:B第10题:C第11题:C第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:D第16题:D第17题:B第18题:C第19题:A第20题:D【解析】（1）考查名词辨析。radiation意为“辐射”；ration意为“配给量，定量”；mediation意为“调停，调解”；magnetism意为“磁性，磁力”。此处表示“来自手机与基站的辐射”，因此

15、选A。（2）考查形容词辨析。incredible意为“不可思议的”；credible意为“可靠的，可信的”；credulous意为“轻信的，易受骗的”；fabulous意为“极好的，极妙的”。此处表示“尽管缺乏可靠的证据表明有任何伤害”，因此选B。（3）考查形容词辨析。beneficiary意为“受封的，臣服的”；profitable意为“有益的，有利可图的”，主要指在金钱方面有利可图的；beneficent意为“行善的，慈善的”；beneficial意为“有利的，有益的”，指对健康、身心或事业有益。此处表示“手机对健康的有益证据”，因此选D。（4）考查分词作定语。carry out意为“实施

16、，执行，进行”，carry out是主语a systematic review（系统性调查）的承受者，再根据空格后面的by，可知此处表示被动关系，故用carry out的过去分词，因此选C。（5）考查名词辨析。delivery意为“传送，递送”；post意为“邮政，邮递”；transportation意为“运送，运输”；circulation意为“流通”。此处表示“提供医疗保健”，因此选A。（6）考查谓语动词。分析句子结构，主语为These uses，宾语为three categories，缺少谓语，B、D选项为现在分词，是非谓语动词，故排除；此处表示“短信的用途分为三种”，不需要用被动语态，

17、故排除C选项，因此选A。（7）考查介词用法。incorporate意为“将包括在内，包含”。空格前的by为介词，介词后面接动名词，因此选C。（8）考查动词辨析。pay意为“付款，支付”；fund意为“为提供资金，拨款给”；make意为“做，制造”；give意为“给”。此处表示“这项研究由Vodafone资助”，因此选B。（9）考查动词辨析。stimulate意为“刺激”；boost意为“促进，提高”；correct意为“改正，纠正”；reduce意为“减少”。此处表示“使用短信提高效率”，因此选B。（10）考查词义辨析。effort意为“努力，尝试”；trying意为“试图，想要”；trial

18、意为“（对能力、质量、性能等的）试验，测试”；attempt意为“企图，试图”。此处表示“在英国进行的几次测试发现”，因此选C。（11）考查动词辨析。increase意为“增加，增大”；improve意为“提高”；reduce意为“减少”；deduce意为“推论，推断”。此处表示“减少26-39%的人错过与家庭医生的预约”，因此选C。（12）考查介词辨析。此处的and the number of missed hospital appointments 32 33-50%与前面的the number of missed appointments with family doctors by 2

19、6-39%为并列关系，因此也用by，表示相差的程度。（13）考查词组辨析。add up意为“相加，加起来”；accustom to意为“适应，习惯于”；come to意为“涉及，共计，苏醒”；contribute to意为“帮助，贡献”。此处表示“每年将节省共计约256万至364万英镑”，因此选C。（14）考查动词不定式。remind意为“提醒，使想起”，空格前面的to为不定式，后面接动词原形，因此选B。（15）考查副词辨析。fairly意为“适当，相当地”；considerably意为“相当，非常”；comparatively意为“比较上，相对地”；equally意为“平等地，同样地，相等地

20、”。此处表示“在美国、挪威和瑞典的类似计划，取得了令人同样地满意的结果”，因此选D。（16）考查副词辨析。largely意为“在很大程度上，主要地”；slightly意为“轻微地，轻轻地”；specially意为“特别地”，指事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途；particularly意为“尤其，特别”，指与同类事物不同的个别事物。此处表示“尤其是传播给那些其他方式难以接触的人群”，因此选D。（17）考查形容词辨析。available意为“可获得的”；unavailable意为“难以获得的，不能利用的”；accessible意为“易接近的”；unaccessible意为“难以接近的”。此处

21、表示“或者在没有其他通信手段的发展中国家”，因此选B。（18）考查名词辨析。denial意为“否认，否定”；refusal意为“拒绝”；compliance意为“顺从，遵从”；complexity意为“复杂性，难以理解的局势”。此处表示“鼓励患者遵守锻炼计划”，因此选C。（19）考查逻辑关系。此处表示“这就是为什么”，因此选A。（20）考查词组辨析。in the company of意为“在的陪同下”；in comparison with意为“与相比，与比较而言”；in contrast with意为“与相比，对照”；in conjunction with意为“与共同，连同，与协力”。此处表示

22、“Victoria Franklin和 Stephen Greene共同完成”，因此选D。3. 单选题The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be （ ）by this device.问题1选项A.firedB.ignitedC.inspiredD.expired【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。fire意为“射击，开火”；ignite意为“燃烧，着火，点燃”；inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”；expire意为“期满”。句意：洲际导弹的燃料应该由这个装置来点燃。4. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are

23、 all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an even earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift awa

24、y from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have grea

25、tly wreaked havoc on（扰乱）Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. Ra

26、ised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who liv

27、ed alone tended to be those on either side of marriage twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view liv

28、ing alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful and strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working

29、 harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an idea

30、l woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufrnann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming,” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships dont last long if they start at all. Eppendorf a blond Berlin

31、er with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-d

32、etermined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because （ ）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are（ ）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that（ ）.5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.they

33、 are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD.they are pessimistic about their economic future问题2选项A.It has fostered the trend towards small families.B.It is getting closer to American

34、 style capitalism.C.It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.D.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.问题3选项A.warm and light heatedB.on either side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy问题4选项A.some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family i

35、s no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable问题5选项A.To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individuali

36、sm.C.To examine the trend of young people living alone.D.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over th

37、e last century.（一位法国社会学家认为，从家庭生活到独处生活方式的转变，是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分）可知A选项“他们受到强烈的个人主义的驱使”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism.（在欧洲从社会民主向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资

38、本主义转变的过程中，当代的独居者逐渐成熟）可知B选项“欧洲社会越来越接近美国式的资本主义”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice.They were young, beautiful and strong!（最新一批单身人士是三四十岁的高收入者，他们越来越认为独居是一种生活方式的选择他们年轻，漂亮，强壮！）可知D选项“健康和富有”符合题意。4.细节事实

39、题。由文章最后一段中Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.（我总是做我想做的事：过一种自主的生活）可知A选项“一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了越来越多的欧洲人选择在年轻时保持单身；第二段讲述了欧洲经济的发展促进了独立趋势，使人们具有独立生活的能力；第三段讲述了越来越多的高收入者选择独居生活；第四段举例人们选择单身的原因与个人事业发展有关。本文一直都是围绕单身这个主题来展开阐述，已经成为一种趋势，因此C选项“研究年轻人独居的趋势”符合题意。5. 单选题I pho

40、ned him this morning, but when I said who I was, he（ ）.问题1选项A.rang upB.hung upC.shut downD.shut up【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。ring up意为“打电话”；hang up意为“挂断电话”；shut down意为“关闭，停业”；shut up意为“安静，闭嘴”。句意：我今天早上给他打了电话，但当我告诉他我是谁时，他挂断了电话。6. 单选题The country is now undergoing an economic （ ）in which business activity is great

41、ly reduced and the unemployment rate is high.问题1选项A.flourishB.accessionC.sanctionD.recession【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。flourish意为“繁荣，昌盛”；accession意为“增加”；sanction意为“制裁，处罚”；recession意为“经济衰退，不景气”。句意：这个国家正遭受严重的经济衰退，商业活动大大减少，失业率很高。7. 问答题The reason why James Bond movies are (A) so popular is (B) because (C) they com

42、bine the appeal of traditional spy (D) stories with the appeal of technological devices.【答案】试题答案：C；that【解析】考查名词性从句。The reason why.is that表语从句（的原因是）是固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because。8. 单选题Get a shirt one size larger than you usually wear, because this material （ ）when you wash it.问题1选项A.fadesB.decreasesC.re

43、treatsD.shrinks【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。fade意为“变暗，衰退，衰落”；decrease意为“减少，降低”；retreat意为“撤退，后退”；shrink意为“收缩，缩小”。句意：穿一件比你平时穿的大一点的衬衫，因为这个材料洗过后会缩水。9. 单选题These figures （ ）no significance as they are statistically imperfect.问题1选项A.contribute toB.attach toC.conform toD.amount to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。contribute to意为“有助于，贡献”；

44、attach to意为“贴，系”；conform to意为“符合，遵照”；amount to意为“共计，归结为”。句意：这些数字没有任何意义，因为它们在统计上不完美。10. 翻译题Translate the following into ChineseDuring the past four decades the fishery scientists of the West have studied the dynamics of fish populations with the objective of determining the relation between the amoun

45、t of fishing and the sustainable catch.Clearly, science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative; this may entail looking beyond existing paradigms governing research in a given area of study.Practitioners explicitly interpret what they observe, and often catego

46、rize their data after the data collection process is complete and from the perspectives of the people they observing.The subject of social science inquiry is patterned social regularities. A search for these regularities shows that most human behavior, from big and momentous acts to small and insign

47、ificant ones, is patterned.Wall Street is living on borrowed time. Since the October 1987 crash securities trading has been depressed, retail investors have hurried out of stocks and the issue of new share stocks has been decreased sharply.In fact, the collation of these lists has been enough to pul

48、l down our vanity; for the more one looks at what is available in an unfamiliar field, the more urgent, the desire one feels to abandon the affectations of the editor and assume the modesty the student.Of all the areas of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reacti

49、ons as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.If w

50、e accept the idea that we wont ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions.While populations were low and stable little permanent damage was done, but with a steady increase in the size a

51、nd number of human communities the forest and soil have little time to recover.【答案】在过去的四十年里，西方渔业科学家研究了鱼类种群的动态，目的是确定渔获量与鱼类数量之间的关系。显然，科学不仅包括仔细观察，而且还要乐于创新；这可能需要超越现有的在某一特定领域管理研究的模式。从业者明确解释他们所观察到的内容，并且通常在数据收集过程完成后，从他们观察到的人的角度对他们的数据进行分类。社会科学探究的对象是模式化的社会常规。对这些常规的调查显示了大多数人类的行为都是模式化的，从重大的行为到微小的行为。华尔街以借来的时间为生

52、。自从1987年10月的证券市场崩溃以来，散户投资者纷纷撤出股票，新股发行大幅减少。事实上，对这些清单的整理已经足够消除我们的虚荣心了。因为一个人越多地看一个陌生领域中的东西，他就越迫切地想要放弃的编辑的装模作样，并承担起学生的谦逊。在所有学习领域中，最重要的是培养态度。情感反应和逻辑思维过程影响着大多数人的行为。文化是一个特定群体的所有传统、习俗、信仰和生活方式的总和。从这个意义上说，每一个群体都有一种文化，无论在我们看来它是野蛮的、不发达的还是不文明的。如果我们接受我们永远不会完全了解另一个人的想法，它使我们能够更容易地处理如秘密和欺骗那些阻碍我们获得准确信息的事物。虽然过去人口少且稳定，

53、可造成的永久性损害很少，但随着人类社区规模和数量的稳步增加森林和土壤几乎没有时间恢复。11. 单选题Many soldiers have to remind themselves when they return home not to use（ ）of the barracks.问题1选项A.vulgarB.grossC.roughD.coarse【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。vulgar意为“庸俗的，粗俗的”；gross意为“不雅的，恶俗的”；rough意为“（态度）粗暴”；coarse意为“粗鲁无礼的”。A、C、D选项一般表示行为，举止粗俗，此处表示使用的语言，gross表示语言的粗

54、鲁不雅，因此选B。句意：许多士兵在回家时必须提醒自己不使用军营里粗鲁的语言。12. 单选题When Dick began to tell about his summer vacation, the teacher（ ）him（ ）, saying Tell us that another time.问题1选项A.cut.downB.shut.outC.cut.shortD.shut.off【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。cut down意为“减少，砍倒”；shut out意为“把关在门外，阻断（念头、情感等）”；cut short意为“缩短，打断”；shut off意为“关闭，停止”。句意：

55、当Dick开始讲述他的暑假时，教师打断了他，说“下次告诉我们”。13. 翻译题Translate the following into Chinese.Before you got the idea that economics is relevant only for politics or businesses, we should mention that economics focuses on all the choices people make and the personal and social consequences of these choices.We believe

56、 that when you finish this book, you will join us in the view that the economic way of thinking offers valuable insight into our everyday interactions with one another producing, consuming, voting and striving for the good life.One seemed to know little about the book, but a great many people knew a

57、pparently that Peggy was at work on something and that was enough to bring cordial, even insistent, recommendation to their lips.Making a movie costs much more than cutting an album. So as the world become richer, the relative market share of Hollywood movies will probable fall more than the relativ

58、e market share of American popular music.It is very difficult to agree on the price for shares to be bought because the purchasing party will lack the necessary information as to the financial status and other characteristics of the share- issuing corporation, and because the net value of the shares

59、 will change constantly from the date of the agreement to the date of closing.【答案】在你认为经济学只与政治或企业相关之前，我们应该指出，经济学关注的是人们所做的所有选择，以及这些选择对个人和社会的影响。我们相信，当你读完这本书时，你会跟我们有一样的观点，认为以经济的方式来思考会为人们各种日常交流提供宝贵的洞察力，包括生产、消费、选举和为好生活的奋斗。一个人似乎对这本书知之甚少，但许多人显然知道“佩吉”在做些什么，这足以给他们带来热忱的，甚至是迫切的推荐之言。制作一部电影比剪辑一张专辑要贵得多。因此，随着世界变得更加

60、富裕，好莱坞电影的相关市场股票可能会比美国流行音乐相关市场股份下降得更多。由于购买方缺乏关于股票的财务状况和股票发行公司其他特征的必要信息，所以很难就购买股票的价格达成一致。而且，由于股票的净值从交易之日到交易结束之日是不断变化的。14. 单选题A lot of small children often （ ）why airplane can fly like birds while we humans cannot.问题1选项A.assureB.wonderC.anticipateD.assume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。assure意为“向保证”；wonder意为“想知道，好奇”；a

61、nticipate意为“预料，预期”；assume意为“假定，认为”。句意：很多小孩经常好奇为什么飞机可以像鸟儿一样飞行，而我们人类不行。15. 单选题The USA has 10 percent of the total petroleum（ ）of the world in its own territory , and has been a major producer for decades.问题1选项A.reservationsB.reservesC.potentialsD.reservoirs【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。reservation意为“预约，保留地”；reserve意为“储备（量），储藏（量）”；potential意为“潜在的，有可能的”；reservoir意为“水库，蓄水池”。句意：美国在自己的领土上拥有世界石油总储量的10%，几十年来一直是主要的生产国。16. 单选题Our country has grown rich because of its （ ）with other n