英语外研社版必修五Module1词汇及相关短语

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1、必修5 Module 1 British and American EnglishNew words:1. have in common with sb / sth 与.有共同之处We have really everything in common with American nowadays, except of course ,language. (P1) have something / a lot / nothing / not much / little in common with 与有一些/ 很多/ 没有/ 没多少/ 几乎没有共同之处in common 共有的、共同的in co

2、mmon with 与一样1)To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with this stranger.2）In common with other earthquakes, the earthquake in Japan caused great damage. 3）他们是双胞胎，但毫无共同之处。They are twins, but they have nothing in common.4）英语是一种不同于汉语的语言，但它们有一些共同之处。English is a different language from Chinese, b

3、ut they have something in common 5）Generally speaking, the music of one country has quite a lot _ her culture. A. in common B. in common with C. with common in D. in common of 2. make a difference 有影响，起作用；使不相同It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English. (

4、P1) make some / much difference to 对有些/ 有很大关系make all the difference to 对关系重大；使大不相同make no difference to 与没有关系 （在make引导的短语中，difference通常作为不可数名词看待。这是一种特殊情况。参看牛津高阶给的例句： make a, no, some, etc difference (to sb/sth) (a) have an, no, some, etc effect (on sb/sth) （对某人某事物）有 没有 有些.作用或影响: The rain didnt make

5、 much difference (to the game). 这场雨（对比赛）没多大影响. * The sea air has made a difference to (ie improved) her health. 海上的空气改善了她的健康状况. * A hot bath makes all the difference (ie makes you feel better) in the morning. 上午洗个热水澡能让人精神振奋. (b) be important, unimportant, etc (to sb/sth); matter （对某人某事物）重要 不重要等; 要紧

6、不要紧等: It makes no difference (to me) what you say: Im not going. 不管你怎麽说（对我来说）都无所谓, 反正我不去. * It wont make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天去也好, 明天去也好, 关系不大. * Does that make any difference? ie Is it important, need we consider it? 那要紧吗? * Yes, it makes all the difference, ie is ve

7、ry important. 是的, 非常重要. 当用作可数的名词时，differences的意思是说不同种的差异。 当用much difference的时候，说的是同一种的差异，而在程度上不同。 ）1) Its what you do today that will make a difference in your life tomorrow. 是你今天的所作所为使你的明天与众不同。2)我们所能做的事情会对我们的社会产生很大的影响。What we can do will make much difference to our society. 3)在适当的时候只言片语的鼓励足以令人改观。Ju

8、st a word or two at the right moment can make all the difference to someone. 4)无论你做什么决定，对他都一样。 It will make no difference to him, whatever you may decide. 3. get around / round / about 四处走动（旅行）；传开(spread) 1)The old lady gets around with the help of a stick. 2) The news that he was elected president

9、soon got around. get up 起来 get away from 离开；摆脱；回避；否认 get (sth) across (to sb) （某事）（为某人） 理解 get down to (sth / doing sth) 开始做 get through 做完，通过；接通 get over 克服，战胜，掌握；恢复常态 1） Its time that you got down to study (n.) or the other students will leave behind. 2） He didnt come because he couldnt get away f

10、rom his work. 3） I spoke slowly, but my meaning didnt get across. 4） My secretary does everything very quickly; she can get through a lot of work in a morning. 5） The news, _ quickly through the country that he got a gold medal at Guangzhou Asian Games. A. was got around B. got around C. got over D.

11、 was got over 4. confusing adj. 混乱的；混淆的；令人困惑的，难懂的Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. (P2) 1）The instructions on the box are very confusing. 2）It is a confusing problem. 3）It was confusing that he should give up the chance. confuse vt. 使困惑，混淆；搞乱 confuse A

12、 with / and B 把 A和B混淆了confused adj. （常指人）困惑的，烦恼的；杂乱的 get / be confused by 对感到困惑的confusion n. 困惑；混乱；混淆 in confusion 困惑地；迷惑地；在混乱中翻译：They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do. 他们提了一大堆令人费解的问题，把我难住了。我稀里糊涂，迷茫地站在那儿，全然

13、不知所措。The teacher didnt explain the problem clearly, so many students were _. A. confusing B. confused C. to confuse D. confusion5. compare vt. 比较，对照；把比作 vi. 相比，比得上 n. 比较Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend (American) with in the team, at the weekend (British). (P2

14、) compare A with B 与比较，相比 compare A to B 把 比作 Eg: In the 19th century, Charles Dickens compared the two cities, London and Paris, in A Tale of Two Cities. 在19世纪，查尔斯*狄更斯在双城记中把伦敦和巴黎两座城市作了对比。Compared with / to + n / pron 与相比（过去分词短语作状语）1) We often compare children to flowers of our country.2) If you com

15、pare this car with that one, youll find this one is better. 3) His spoken English doesnt compare with yours. 4) Compared to / with the laid-off workers, were indeed very lucky. 5)(09 重庆) Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ with his old one. A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared

16、6. differ vi 不同，有区别；意见分歧或相左 The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. (P2) differ with sb on / about sth 在上与某人意见/观点不同= disagree with sb on / about sth differ from sb / sth 与某人/某事物不同 differ in sth 在某方面不同 1) They differ widely in their opinions. People diffe

17、r individually. 人各有别。2) As we know, they differ with you on this subject. 3) English differs greatly from Spanish in pronunciation. 4) Thoughts of westerners differ much _ easterners in many ways. A. between B. between those C. from what D. from those of 5)(07上海) Leaves are found on all kinds of tre

18、es, but they differ greatly _ size and shape. A. on B. from C. by D. in 6) The way Xiao Li did it differed _ we were used to. A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which 7. be similar to 与相似 The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. (P2) be

19、 similar in similarity n. similarly adv. 1) What you said is similar to what the teacher said. 2) The two sentences are similar in structure. 3) My new dress is similar in style to the one you have. 4) The result showed that the method could reflect the similarity and difference among samples well.

20、结果表明：用这种方法能很好地反映样品间的相似性和差异性。5) Everyone is familiar with eggs. All eggs look similar, but no two eggs are quite the same. 人人都熟悉鸡蛋。所有鸡蛋看上去相似，但没有两个鸡蛋是完全相同的。6) Cats are similar _ tigers _ several ways. A. with; to B. to; in C. in; to D. on; with 8. remark n. 言辞；评论；讲话 v. 评论，谈论；谈到；说 When the Irish writer

21、 George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. (P2) remark that 说, 评论remark on / upon sth / sb 谈论某事或某人 make a remark / remarks on / about 对发表评论 remarkable adj. 引人注目的；异常的，非凡的

22、 1) He remarked that he would be absent the next day.2) He was remarking upon the subject when I came into the room. 3) Please make a remark on “Better City, Better Life”, the theme of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. 请你说说自己对上海世博会主题“城市，让生活更美好”的认识。9. have difficulty (in) doing sth 费力做某事；做某事有困难have diffi

23、culty with sth A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 1) Japan had great difficulty controlling the explosion of nuclear power station. 2) When I came to America, I had a lot of difficulty making myself understood. 3) There is some / much

24、 / a lot of / no / little / not much difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth / with sth 4) My sister is having some difficulty with her work this year. 5) Because of your coming, I think theres no difficulty (in) finishing the task on time. 6) You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowst

25、orm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 10. lead to 引起；通向;导致；(result in ;contribute to)But it has also led to lots of America words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. (P3) lead sb to do sth 领着或领导某人做某事 lead sb to sp 领

26、某人去某处 lead/live a life 过着的生活 in the lead 带头，领先，处于领先地位 take the lead 带头 1) The picture led me to think of my childhood. 2) Could you do me a favour and lead me to the bus station? 3) The guide led us through the forest. 4) The one in the second lane is in the lead now. 11. add vt. 增加 Now add some mor

27、e ideas in favour of your chosen variety. (P8) add to 增加，增添 add to 往加 add up 加起来，合计 add up to 总计达add that 补充说.1) Will you add more sugar to your coffee?2) The news added to his anxiety. 3) Please add these figures up and tell me how much they add up to. 4) Only then _ realize I had said the words _

28、the feeling of disappointment. A. did I; added to B. I; adding to C. I did; added D. did I; adding to12. in favour of 支持，同意，赞同 in sbs favour 对某人有利 in favour 赞同的，流行的，得宠的 do sb a favor 帮某人忙 =do a favor for sb 给某人恩惠，帮某人的忙，为某人尽力 1) Not everyone was in favour of this bill. 2) Could you do me a favor to h

29、and me that pencil, please?3) The majority of the local people got benefit from the medical reform which they are in _ of. A. honor B. danger C. favor D. memory 4)My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honour of D. in search of 13. presen

30、t vt. 陈述；提出（观点、计划）；介绍，引荐 present sb with sth = present sth to sb 把某物赠送某人Present sb to sb = introduce sb to sb 把某人介绍给某人 1)Present your ideas to the rest of the class. (P8) 2)May I present a suggestion? 3)Allow me to present Mr Brown to you. 4)We learn from the past, experience the present and hope fo

31、r success in the future. 5)He was presented with an award. = An award was presented to him. n. 礼物； 目前at present = at the present time 在目前，在现在 for the present 就目前来说，暂时 up to the present 直到现在 At present Libyas situation is extremely terrible. adj. (前置定语) 目前的，现在的 （后置定语） 出席的，到场的 We have no choice in the

32、 present case. 在目前情况下，我们别无选择。 1)The chairman presented a present to all the people present and presented his opinions on the present situation. 大会主席给所有在场的人颁发了礼物并就目前的形势陈述了他的看法。 2)（2009北京）All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presen

33、ted C. being presented D. to present 14. refer to as 称为 refer to 参考，查询；提到，涉及 The Chinese refer to their language as Han, as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty.; (P8) treat as 把某人或某物当作对待 regard as 把当作look on as 把视为 1) The American Indians referred to salt as “magic white sand”.

34、 2) Professor Watson referred me to an article she had written on the subject. 沃森教授要我去查阅她写的一篇关于这个主题的文章。 3) We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 4) The hospital now _ patients by name, not case number. A. refers B. refers to C. refer to D. refers to as 15. attempt n. & v. 努力；尝试Can you see an

35、y similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese?(P9) He didnt pass the exam, but it was a good attempt. attempt to do / doing sth 试图做某事 in ones attempt to 力图，试图 make an attempt to do 打算，试图 make an attempt at doing sth 尝试做某事at ones first attempt 第一次尝试 1）The doctors are making an

36、 attempt to prevent cancer cells spreading. 2）Not many people can answer this question at the first attempt. differdisagree, differ, object这些动词均含有“不同意，反对”之意。disagree : 指彼此间意见或看法不同，任何言行上的不合。He likes to fight it out whenever others disagree with him.（当别人与他意见不一致时, 他总喜欢争辩个明白。）differ : 可替换disagree，但语气较温和

37、，是disagree的委婉说法。The definition of a great job differs wildly from woman to woman.（每个女人对一份好工作的定义都很不同。）object : 语气强烈，侧重对某一具体计划、行为或作法等表示反对。常跟前置词to连用。I will not wear this dress if you object to it.（如果你不喜欢这件衣服，那我就不再穿它了。）differvi.不同, 有区别Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatlysize a

38、nd shape. A.onB.fromC.byD.inThey differ widely in their opinions.他们的意见分歧很大。They differ in size but not in kind.这些东西的区别只是大小不同而实质一样steadily形容词：steady steady的副词形式ad.稳定地,无变化地,有规则地副词 adv. .稳定地,无变化地,有规则地1. 稳固地;平稳地2. 稳定地;不断地Unemployment has risen steadily. 失业者不断增加。 3. 坚定地,坚决地4. 镇静地,从容地Switch名词 n. C1. 开关,电闸

39、,电键You pressed the wrong switch. 你按错了开关。 2. (铁路的)转辙器;【美】铁道侧线3. (树林)柔软的细枝;鞭子4. 变更,转换,更改Theres been a switch in our plans. 我们的计划改变了。 5. 【口】调换,交换I asked him why hed made the switch. 我问他为什么要调换。 6. (女用)长假发;(狮子等的)尾尖簇毛及物动词 vt. 1. 打开(或关掉).的开关(+on/off)He switched the light on. 他打开电灯。 2. 使转换;为.转接(电话)(+to/over

40、)Hang on, please. Ill switch you to the manager. 请不要挂断电话。我给你转接到经理那儿去。 3. 使转轨They switched the train to the other track. 他们把列车转到另一轨道上。 4. 改变;转移;调动They switched the talk to a more interesting subject. 他们把谈话转到比较有趣的题目上去了。 5. 【口】调换;交换The girls switched hats. 女孩子交换了帽子。 6. 鞭打Mr. Wallace switched his son wi

41、th his walking stick. 瓦勒士先生用他的手杖打他儿子。 不及物动词 vi. 1. 转轨2. 改变;转移(+to)He studied chemistry and then switched to biology. 他原来学化学,后来改学生物。 3. 打开(或关掉)开关(+on/off)4. 鞭打5. 【口】调换;交换I am on duty tomorrow. Ive to switch with someone to go to your party. 我明天值班。我得和谁换一下班才能去参加你们的聚会rapidlyadj rapid能被表示程度的副词或介词词组修饰的形容词

42、（动作）很快的，迅速进行的He walked at a rapid pace along Charles Street. 他快步走过查尔斯大街。adv rapidlyHe was moving rapidly around the room. 他在房间里来来回回地快步走着。They rapidly spread out over the field. 他们很快便在田野上散开。n rapidity The water rushed through the holes with great rapidity. 湍急的水流奔涌过洞口cute a cute person. 机敏的人 a cute dr

43、ess 一件漂亮的衣服simplify vt动词简化;使易懂;使简洁使单纯； 使简易 If you simplify something, you make it easier to understand or you remove the things which make it complexsimplified Last night, the president presented a shorter, simplified version of his speech. 昨晚，总统发表了一番更加简短明了的演讲combinationn.联合,结合; in combination with

44、与联合在一起 combine v. (使)联合, (使)结合 combine with:使与结合; 同时具有 We cant always combine work with pleasure. 我们不能总是把工作与快乐连在一起. Students should combine what they have learnt at school with real practice. 学生应该把在学校学到的知识与实际结合起来. We should combine theory with practice. 我们应该使理论与实际相结合. His character is a combination

45、of strength and kindness. 他的性格是刚与柔的结合。（福建卷33）.In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.I cant agree more. Its great to have the two .A. linked B. related C. connected D. combineddistinctive : adj. 特殊的；独特的；不一般的Alcohol has a very distinctive smell; its quite distinct from the smell of wine.酒精有独特的气味,它和葡萄酒的气味明显不同。She had a distinctive appearance.她的外貌与众不同。点击查看