上外版英语高级视听说上册听力原文

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1、-Unit 1Pirates of the InternetIts no secret that online piracy has decimated the music industry as millions of people stopped buying CDs and started stealing their favorite songs by downloading them from the internet. Now thehign-tech thieves are ing after Hollywood. Illegal downloading of full-leng

2、th feature films is a relatively new phenomenon, but its being easier and easier to do. The people running Americas movie studios know that if they dont do something-and fast-they could be in the same boat as the record panies. Correspodent: Whats really at stake for the movie industry with all this

3、 privacy Chernin: Well, I think, you know, ultimately, our absolute features. Peter Chernin runs 20th Century Fo*, one of the biggest studios in Hollywood. He knows the pirates of the Internet are gaining on him. Correspont: Do you know how many movies are being downloaded today, in one day, in the

4、United States Chernin: I think its probably in the hundreds of thousands, if not millions. Correspondent: And its only going to grow. Chernin: Its only going to grow. Somebody can put a perfect digital copy up on the internet. A perfect digital copy, all right. And with the click of mouse, send out

5、a million copies all over the world, in aninstant.5And its all free. If that takes hold, kiss Hollywood goodbye. Chernin recently organized a summit between studio moguls and some high school and college kids-the people most likely to be downloading. Chernin: And we said, Lets e up with a challenge.

6、 Lets give them five movies, and see if they can find them online. And we all sat around and picked five movies, four of which hadnt been released yet. And then we came back half an hour later. They had found all five movies that we gave them. Correspondent: Even the ones that hadnt even been releas

7、ed yet Chernin: Even the ones that hadnt even been released yet. Correspondent: Did these kids have any sense that they were stealing Chernin: You know its its a weird dichotomy. I think they know its stealing, and I dont think they think its wrong. I think they have an attitude of, Its here. The In

8、ternet copy of last years hit Signs, starring Mel Gibson, was stolen even before director M. Night Shyamalan could organize the premiere. Correspondent: The movie was about to be released. When did the first bootleg copy appear6Shyamalan: Two weeks before it or three weeks before it. Before the Inte

9、rnet age, when somebody bootlegged a movie, the only outlet they had was to see it to those vendors on Times Square, where they had the bo*es set up outside and they say, Hey, we have Signs-its not even out yet. And you walk by and you know its illegal. But now, because its the digital age, you can

10、see, like, a clean copy. Its no longer the kind of the sleazy guy in Times Square with the bo*. Its just, oh, its on this beautiful site, and I have to go, Click. Correspondent: How did those movies get on the Internet How did that happen Chernin: Through an absolute act of theft. Someone steals a p

11、rint from the editors room;someone steals a print from the person; the poser whos doing the musicabsolute physical theft, steals a print, makes a digital copy, and uploads it. Correspondent: And there you go. Digital copies like this one of The Matri* Reloaded have also been bootlegged from DVDs sen

12、t to reviewers or ad agencies, or circulated among panies that do special effects, or subtitles. Chernin: The other way that pre-released movies end up (stolen) is that people go to there are lots of screenings that happen in this industry People go to those screenings with a camcorder, with a digit

13、al camcorder, sit in the back, turn the camcorder onCorrespondent: And record it. This is one of those recorded-off-the-screen copies of Disneys Pirates of the Caribbean. Not great quality, but not awful either. And while it used to take forever to download a movie, anyone with a high-speed Internet

14、 connection can now have a full-length film in an hour or two.Saaf: Well, this is just one of many websites where basically people, hackers if you will, announce their piracy releases. Randy Saaf runs a pany called Media Defender that helps movie studios bat online piracy. Correspondent: Look at thi

15、s, all these new movies that I havent even seen yet, all here. Saaf: Yep. Correspondent: Secondhand Lions that just came out. Sometimes I feel like Im the only person in this country who has never downloaded anything. But maybe there is a few others of us out there. So Im going to ask you to show us

16、 Kazaa, thats the biggest downloading site, right Saaf: Right. This is the Kazaa media desktop. Kazaa is the largest peer-to-peer network. Its called peer-to-peer because puter users are sharing files8with each other, with no middleman. All Kazaa does is provide the software to make that sharing pos

17、sible. When we went online with Randy Saaf, nearly four million other Kazaa users were there with us, sharing every kind of digital file. Saaf: Audio, documents, images, software, and video. If you wanted a movie, you would click on the video section, and then you would type in a search phrase. And

18、basically what this is doing now, it is asking the people on the peer-to-peer network, Who has Finding Memo Within seconds, 191 puters sent an answer: We have it. This is Finding Memo, crisp picture and sound, downloaded free from Kazaa a month before its release for video rental or sale. If you don

19、t want to watch it on a little puter screen, you dont have to. On the newest puters, you can just burn it onto a DVD and watch it on your big-screen TV. 5.And thats a dagger pointed right at the heart of Hollywood. Chernin: Where movies make the bulk of their money is on DVD and home videos. 50 perc

20、ent of the revenues for any movie e out of home video Correspondent: 15 percent Chernin: 50 percent so that if piracy occurs and it wipes out your home video profits or ultimately your television profits, you are outof business. No movies will get made. Even if movies did get made, Night Shyamalan s

21、ays that wouldnt be any good, because profits would be negligible, so budgets would shrink dramatically. Shyamalan: And slowly it will degrade whats possible in that art form. Rosso: Technology always wins. Always. You cant shut it down. Wayne Rosso is Hollywoods enemy. They call him a pirate, but o

22、fficially hes the president of Grokster, another peer-to-peer network that works just like Kazaa. Correspondent: Ok, I have downloaded your software. Rosso: Right. Correspondent: Ok, did I pay to do that Rosso: No, its free. Correspondent: So who pays you How do you make money Rosso: Were like radio

23、. We are advertising-supported. Correspondent: And how many people use Grokster Rosso: Ten million. Correspondent: Ten million people have used it. Rosso: A month. Correspondent: Every month, ten million people Rosso: Uh-huh, uh-huh. And growing.10Correspondent: Use it to download music, movies, sof

24、tware, video games, what else Rosso: I will assume. See, we have no way of knowing what people are downloading. Correspondent: Thats just a fig leaf. You are facilitating, allowing, helping people steal. Rosso: We have no idea what the content is, and whatever it is Correspondent: Well, you may not

25、know the specifics, but you know thats what your site Rosso: And we cant stop it. We have no control over it. Correspondent: But you are there for that purpose, that is why you e*ist, of course it is. Rosso: No, no, no, no, no, no. Correspondent: e on, this is the fig leaf part. Rosso: No, no, no, n

26、o, no. Shyamalan:He is totally conformable with putting on his site a stolen piece of material. Am I wrong in that If my movie was bootlegged, hed be totally fortable putting it on his site Correspondent: Because I have nothing to do with it. Shyamalan:Yeah, right. Correspondent: Because I just prov

27、ided the software. Shyamalan:Yeah, right. So, immediately, how can you ever have a11conversation with him Because hes taken a stolen material and he is totally fine with passing it around in his house. All these, all these are illegal activities. So, Im not, its just my house, Im not doing anything

28、wrong. But it is Rosso who has the law on his side. A federal judge has ruled that Grokster and other file-swapping networks are not liable for what their downloaders are doing. Rosso: So we are pletely legal, and unfortunately this is something the entertainment industry refuses to accept. They see

29、m to think the judges decision was nothing but a typo. The studios are appealing that court ruling. And they may follow the music industry and begin to sue individuals who download movies. And they are fighting the pirates in other ways, with ads about people whose jobs are at risk because of the pi

30、racy-people like the carpenters and painters who work on film sets. At the same time, Hollywood is trying to keep copies of movies from leaking in the first place. Chernin: You will very seldom go to an early screening of a movie right now where, probably you dont notice until you pay attention, som

31、eones not in the front of that auditorium with infrared binoculars looking for somebody with a camcorder.12And once a movie is released, or copies do begin to leak, the studios hire people like Randy Saaf to hack the hackers. Saaf: What were just trying to do is make the actual pirated content diffi

32、cult to find. And the way we do that is by, you know, serving up fake files. Its called spoofing. Saaf and his employees spend their days on Kazaa and Grokster, offering up thousands of files that look like copies of new movies, but arent. Correspondent: So if I had clicked on any number of those Fi

33、nding Nemo offerings, I could have clicked on one of yours, or somebody like you. And what would I have found after my hour and a half of downloading Saaf: it might just be a blank screen or something. You know, typically speaking, what we push out is just not the real content. Correspondent: What y

34、ou are trying to do is make this so impossible, so infuriating that people will just throw up their hands and say its just easier for me to go rent this thing, buy the DVD or whatever, its just easier. Saaf: Right. Correspondent: Thats your goal. Saaf： ： Right.13Correspondent: Does that work Is that

35、 a good idea Rosso: No. It doesnt work. I mean I dont blame them but it doesnt work because what happens is that the munity cleanses itself of the spoofs. He means that downloaders quickly spread the word online about how to tell the fake movie files from the real thing. Correspondent: Its like an a

36、rms race(军备竞赛, isnt it Chernin: Thats e*actly what its like. Its like an arms race. There will be, you know, theyre gonna get a step ahead. Were gonna try and get that step back. Rosso: But Ill tell you one thing: Ill bet on the hackers. Correspondent: That they will break whatever Rosso: The studio

37、s e up with. Correspondent: The panies throw at them.Hollywood knows that downloading off the Internet is the way millions of consumers want to get their entertainment-and that isnt going away. Chernin: The generally accepted estimate is that more that 60 million Americans have downloaded file-shari

38、ng software onto their puters. Correspondent: 60 million.14Chernin: At 60 million Americans, thats a mainstream product. Thats not a bunch of college kids or, you know, a bunch of puter geeks. Thats America. So, instead of trying to stop it entirely, the studios are looking for ways to embrace it, b

39、ut get paid too. Wayne Rosso says the best way is to negotiate some kinds of licensing deal with him. Rosso: If the movie industry acts now and starts e*ploring alternatives and solutions with guys like me, hopefully they wont have a problem. Correspondent: What if they try to buy you Rosso: Id sell

40、 it in al heartbeat. Correspondent: You would sell, Grokster would sell to a movie studio Rosso: Sure, call me. The idea of making deals with what Peter Chernin calls a bunch of crooks doesnt appeal to Hollywood. Instead, Fo* and other studios have just launched their own site, Movielink, where cons

41、umers can download a film for a modest fee, between three and five dollars. Chernin: I think you would love the idea that you dont have to go to the video store. You can do this. And thats what were working15on. But in order for that to be effective, we have to stop privacy, because the most effecti

42、ve business model in the world cant pete with free. Not that Peter Chernin is interested, but he wont have the chance to buy Grokster, at least not from Wayne Rosso. A few days ago, Rosso announced that he is leaving Grokster to take over as president of another file-swapping software pany, this one

43、 based in Spain. Grokster will continue under new management.Unit 2A plan to build the worlds first airport for launching mercial spacecraft in New Me*ico is the latest development in the new space race, a race among private panies and billionaire entrepreneurs to carry paying passengers into space

44、and to kick-start a new industry, astro tourism.The man who is leading the race may not be familiar to you, but to astronauts, pilots, and aeronautical engineers basically to anyone who knows anything about aircraft design Burt Rutan is a legend, an aeronautical engineer whose latest aircraft is the

45、 worlds first private spaceship. As he told 60 Minutes correspondent Ed Bradley when he first met him a little over a year ago, if his idea flies, someday space travel may be cheap enough and safe enough for ordinary people to go where only astronauts have gone beforeThe White Knight is a rather unu

46、sual looking aircraft, built just for the purpose of carrying a rocket plane called SpaceShipOne, the first spacecraft built by private enterprise.White Knight and SpaceShipOne are the latest creations of Burt Rutan. Theyre part of his dream to develop a mercial travel business in space.There will b

47、e a new industry. And we are just now in a beginning. I will predict that in 12 or 15 years, there will be tens of thousands, maybe even hundreds of thousands of people that fly, and see that black sky, says Rutan.On June 21, 2004, White Knight took off from an airstrip in Mojave, Calif., carrying R

48、utans spaceship. It took 63 minutes to reach the launch altitude of 47,000 feet. Once there, the White Knight crew prepared to release the spaceship.The fierce acceleration slammed Mike Melvill, the pilot, back in his seat. He put SpaceShipOne into a near vertical trajectory, until, as planned, the

49、fuel ran out.Still climbing like a spent bullet, Melvill hoped to gain as much altitude as possible to reach space before the ship began falling back to earth.By the time the spaceship reached the end of its climb, it was 22 miles off course. But it had, just barely, reached an altitude of just over

50、 62 miles the internationally recognized boundary of space.It was the news Rutan had been waiting for. Falling back to Earth from an altitude of 62 miles, SpaceShipOnes tilting wing, a revolutionary innovation called the feather, caused the rocket plane to position itself for a relatively benign re-

51、entry and turned the spaceship into a glider.SpaceShipOne glided to a flawless landing before a crowd of thousands.After that June flight, I felt like I was floating around and just once in a while touching the ground, remembers Rutan. We had an operable space plane. Rutans operable space plane was

52、built by a pany with only 130 employees at a cost of just $25 million. He believes his success has ended the governments monopoly on space travel, and opened it up to the ordinary citizen.I concluded that for affordable travel to happen, the little guy had to do it because he had the incentive for a

53、 business, says Rutan.Does Rutan view this as a business venture or a technological challengeIts a technological challenge first. And its a dream I had when I was 12, he says.Rutan started building model airplanes when he was seven years old, in Dyenuba, Calif., where he grew up.I was fascinated by

54、putting balsa wood together and see how it would fly, he remembers. And when I started having the capability to do contests and actually win a trophy by making a better model, then I was hooked.Hes been hooked ever since. He designed his first airplane in 1968 and flew it four years later. Since the

55、n his airplanes have bee known for their stunning looks, innovative design and technological sophistication.Rutan began designing a spaceship nearly a decade ago, after setting up set up his own aeronautical research and design firm. By the year 2000, he had turned his designs into models and was te

56、sting them outside his office.When I got to the point that I knew that I could make a safe spaceship that would fly a manned space mission - when I say, I, not the government, our little team - I told Paul Allen, I think we can do this. And he immediately said, Go with it.Paul Allen co-founded Micro

57、soft and is one of the richest men in the world. His decision to pump $25 million into Rutans pany, Scaled posites, was the vote of confidence that his engineers needed to proceed.That was a heck of a challenge to put in front of some people like us, where were told, Well, you cant do that. You wann

58、a see We can do this, says Pete Sebold.Work on White Knight and SpaceShipOne started four years ago in secret. Both aircraft were custom made from scratch by a team of 12 engineers using layers of tough carbon fabric glued together with epo*y. Designed to be light-weight, SpaceShipOne can withstand

59、the stress of re-entry because of the radical way it es back into the atmosphere, like a badminton shuttlecock or a birdie.He showed 60 Minutes how it works.Feathering the wing is kind of a dramatic thing, in that it changes the whole configuration of the airplane, he e*plains. And this is done in s

60、pace, okay Its done after you fly into space.We have done si* reentries. Three of them from space and three of them from lower altitudes. And some of them have even e down upside down. And the airplane by itself straightens itself right up, Rutan e*plains. By September 2004, Rutan was ready for his

61、ne*t challenge: an attempt to win a $10 million prize to be the first to fly a privately funded spacecraft into space, and do it twice in two weeks.After we had flown the June flight, and we had reached the goal of our program, then the most important thing was to win that prize, says Rutan.That pri

62、ze was the Ansari * Prize an e*traordinary petition created in 1996 to stimulate private investment in space.The first of the two flights was piloted, once again, by Mike Melvill.Septembers flight put Melvilles skill and training to the test. As he was climbing out of the atmosphere, the spacecraft

63、suddenly went into a series of rolls.How concerned was heWell, I thought I could work it out. Im very confident when Im flying a plane when Ive got the controls in my hand. I always believed I can fi* this no matter how bad it gets, says Melville.SpaceShipOne rolled 29 times before he regained contr

64、ol. The remainder of the flight was without incident, and Melvill made the 20-minute glide back to the Mojave airport. The landing on that September afternoon was flawless.Because Rutan wanted to attempt the second required flight just four days later, the engineers had little time to find out what had gone wrong. Working 12-hour shifts, they discovered they didnt need to fi* the spacecraft, just the way in which the pilots flew it.For the second flight, it was test pilot Brian Binnies turn to fly SpaceShipOne.The spaceship flew upward on a p