2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前模拟强化练习题88（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题“On no account（）to feed the animals,” the warning can be seen on the signboard in front of every cage.问题1选项A.allow visitorsB.visitors are allowedC.are visitors allowedD.are allowed visitors【答案】C【解析】考査倒装。当否定词位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即将be动词提前。根据句意这里指参观者不被允许，所以选项C正确。2. 单选题Mrs

2、. Green has been living in town only one year, yet she seems to be（）with everyone who comes to the store.问题1选项A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted【答案】D【解析】acquaint使认识,使了解；accept接受；admit招收,承认；admire钦佩,赞美,羡慕。be acquainted with sb.为固定搭配，意为与.相识。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎认识来商店的每一个人。3. 单选题Einsteins special

3、 Theory of Relativity is quite（）me.问题1选项A.out ofB.beyondC.fromD.over【答案】B【解析】句意：爱因斯坦的相对论超出了我的能力范围。beyond sb.指超出某人的能力,非某人力所能及,所以选项B更符合句意。4. 单选题Although too much（1）to the suns ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer, sunshine may have a（2）effect against some cancers, U.S. scientists said in April. They

4、（3）vitamin D, the so-called sunshine vitamin that is also found in fortified milk and（4）products, cod liver and some fatty fish, can help to slow down the speed（5）which cancer（6）divide. “This study found inverse（7）between both residential and occupational exposure to sunlight（8）mortality from female

5、 breast and colon cancers,” said Dr. Michael Freedman of the National Cancer（9）.In research（10）in Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Freedman and his team studied（11）from breast, ovarian, colon, prostate and skin cancers in 24 U.S. states between 1984 and 1995 to determine the（12）of sunlight o

6、n the disease.（13）surprisingly, they found more deaths from skin cancer in sunnier（14）but the number of people who died from the other cancers was lower in the（15）areas. Working（16）in a sunny climate was also associated with（17）breast and colon cancer deaths but not（18）the other cancers. Freedman sa

7、id more research is needed to（19）the association between sunlight and（20）cancers.问题1选项A.exposureB.additionC.resolutionD.solution问题2选项A.potentialB.protectiveC.insufficientD.effective问题3选项A.signifyB.prescribeC.reassureD.suspect问题4选项A.agriculturalB.beanC.meatD.dairy问题5选项A.withB.beyondC.atD.in问题6选项A.por

8、tionsB.cellsC.diseasesD.illnesses问题7选项A.associationsB.conclusionsC.judgmentsD.illusions问题8选项A.orB.forC.butD.and问题9选项A.ConstitutionB.ConferenceC.InstituteD.Operation问题10选项A.doneB.concernedC.involvedD.reported问题11选项A.deathsB.painsC.sufferingsD.effects问题12选项A.degreeB.impactC.intensityD.depth问题13选项A.Mor

9、eB.NotC.MuchD.No问题14选项A.statesB.countriesC.citiesD.provinces问题15选项A.wetB.windyC.sunshineD.dry问题16选项A.heavilyB.outdoorsC.offensivelyD.hard问题17选项A.moreB.manyC.lessD.fewer问题18选项A.withB.forC.onD.to问题19选项A.indicateB.propelC.explainD.generate问题20选项A.otherB.vitalC.certainD.severe【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题

10、:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:D第11题:A第12题:B第13题:B第14题:A第15题:C第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）exposure暴露；addition増加；resolution决心；solution解决。根据句意：过度暴露在太阳紫外线下会导致皮肤癌。选项A符合句意。（2）potential潜在的；protective防护的；insufficient不足够的；effective有效的。根据句意：阳光可能对某些癌症有一定的预防作用。选项B符合句意。（3）signify表示, 预示；prescribe规定；reassure

11、使.安心；suspect怀疑, 猜想。根据句意：他们猜想, 所谓的阳光维他命维他命D.”, 选项D符合原文。（4）agricultural农业的；bean豆类；meat 肉；dairy奶制品。dairy products为固定搭配。（5）at the speed of为固定短语, 意为“以.的速度”。（6）portions部分；cells细胞；diseases疾病；illness病痛。这里指癌细胞, 用cancer cell。（7）associations关系；conclusions结论；judgment判断；illusions例子。根据句意：这项研究发现住宅和职业暴露在阳光下与女性乳腺癌和结

12、肠癌的死亡率呈负相关。选项A符合句意。（8）“住宅和工作场所所接收阳光照射的程度”与“女性乳腺癌和结肠癌的死亡率”是并列关系, 用and, 选项D正确。（9）constitution宪法；conference会议；institute研究所；operation操作。根据原文可知这里指国家癌症研究所。选项C正确。（10）根据原文：在职业与环境医学的研究报告中, .。选项D符合原文。（11）根据下文, 他们发现阳光充足的州皮肤癌死亡率较高。由此推断选项A符合原文。（12）词义辨析题。degree程度；impact影响；intensity强度；depth深度。根据原文可知这里是研究阳光对癌症的影响,

13、选项B符合原文。（13）根据原文可知研究发现与他们之前的假设基本一致, 所以应该用not surprisingly, 表示不出所料。（14）细节判断题。根据上文可知是美国各州之间的数据对比, 这里也应该填入states, 所以选项A符合原文。（15）细节判断题。根据上文的sunnier states, 可以推断这里也应该指阳光充足的地区, 选项C符合原文。（16）根据下文的sunny climate, 可知这里指户外工作, 选项B符合原文。（17）细节判断题。根据上文提到的, 阳光充足的州皮肤癌死亡率较高, 而这些地区其他癌症的死亡率却低得多。由此推断, 这里指死亡率更低, 根据后面的deat

14、hs可推断应用fewer修饰, 所以选项D正确。（18）固定搭配。be associated with与.相关。（19）indicate指出；propel激励；explain 解释；generate使形成, 发生。根据句意：弗里德曼说, 还需要更多的研究来解释阳光和某些癌症之间的联系。选项C符合句意。（20）这里强调的是阳光与具体的某种癌症的关系, 所以选项C更符合原文。5. 单选题Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse seem to deter some people from using dangerous

15、 substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not. Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and Quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result o

16、f warnings about these drugs in “underground” papers read by drug users. Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message. Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and anti-drug education that ignores or denies this is li

17、kely to be ridiculed. This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s. This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock-music videos on cable televisions MTV in the

18、 1980s. Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts. Millions have started smoking even though

19、 the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years. Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention: prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem. Hence, Bomiers (1978, p. 150) contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be pers

20、uaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a drivers license.1.Ac

21、cording to the passage, up to now, anti-drug education（）2.The film Reefer Madness mentioned in the passage（）3.The message all drugs are terrible for you is not influential because（）4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?5.The best title for the passage would be （）问

22、题1选项A.has made all people see the danger of drugsB.has succeeded in dissuading people from using drugsC.has been effective only to a certain degreeD.has proved to be a total failure问题2选项A.effectively deterred marijuana useB.was rejected by young marijuana usersC.did not picture the danger of marijua

23、na realisticallyD.was welcomed by marijuana users because it told them how to get high问题3选项A.it ignores the fact that drugs vary greatly in dangerB.it gives a false account of the risks of drug useC.some drugs are good for healthD.it does not appear in underground papers问题4选项A.Sometimes balanced and

24、 reasonable anti-drug persuasion is influential to some people.B.Most drug users are ignorant of the danger of drugs.C.Punishments such as loss of a drivers license do not seem to be an effective way to stop drunken driving.D.Primary prevention is a useful principle to be followed in anti-drug educa

25、tion.问题5选项A.Are All Drugs Terrible for You?B.Do People Believe What Underground Papers Say?C.Is There an Increased Awareness of the Risks of Drugs?D.Can Persuasion Reduce Drug Abuse?【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and

26、reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts.”虽然平衡和合理的说服对一些人来说是有效的，但另一些人似乎不受这些最合乎逻辑的教育工作的影响。也就是说反毒品教育只起到了一部分的作用，选项C符合原文。2.语义题。根据第一段的最后一句“Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult film among users, many of whom got high to watch it.”这部电影非但没有阻止人们吸食大麻，反而成为了用户

27、中的一部邪典电影，很多人为了看这部电影而兴奋不已。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and anti-drug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed.”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险，忽视或否认这一点的禁毒教育是很可笑的。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据原文“Drug users know there are big variations in danger amo

28、ng drugs,”吸毒者知道毒品存在着巨大的危险。所以选项B错误。5.主旨大意题。第一段讲了禁毒教育并没有起到很好的效果，第二段讲了劝说只是对部分人起到作用。所以本文主要是讲劝说能减少毒品滥用吗？选项D正确。6. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in（）populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】副词辨析。densely浓密地、稠密地；intensely激烈地、热情地；abun

29、dantly丰富地；highly高地，非常。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题（）mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf.问题1选项A.He is rememberedB.While being rememberedC.To be rememberedD.Though remembered【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句。后面的句子完整,但是没有连词连接,由此可知前面应该为独立主格结

30、构,所以首先排除选项A。根据句意：虽然人们记得亚历山大格雷厄姆贝尔主要是由于电话的发明,但实际上他一生都致力于帮助失聪者。前后有转折的关系,所以用连词though更适合。8. 单选题Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of（）reality.问题1选项A.what it is conceived toB.that is conceivedC.what is conceived to beD.that is conceived of【答案】C【解析】语法题。句意：在本质上,理论是对现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达

31、。关系代词在从句中充当主语,可以用what或that,且that不可省略。选项A中主语重复,不正确；be conceived to be为固定搭配,意为被认为是.,所以选项C正确。9. 单选题A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply-all these were important（1）in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. （2）they were not enough. So

32、mething （3）was needed to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men （4）individuals who could invent machines, find new（5）of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The men who（6）the machines of the Industrial Revolution（7）from many backgrounds and many occu

33、pations. Many of them were （8）inventors than scientists. A man who is a（9）scientist is primarily interested in doing his research（10）. He is not necessarily working （11）that his findings can be used.An investor or one interested in applied science is（12）trying to make something that has a concrete （

34、13）. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories（14）science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a（15）result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of （16）other objectives.Most of the people who

35、（17）the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and investors. Even those who had（18）or no training in science might not have made their inventions（19）a ground-work had not been laid by scientists years（20）.问题1选项A.casesB.reasonsC.facto

36、rsD.situations问题2选项A.ButB.AndC.BesidesD.Even问题3选项A.elseB.nearC.extraD.similar问题4选项A.generatingB.effectiveC.motivatingD.creative问题5选项A.originsB.sourcesC.basesD.discoveries问题6选项A.employedB.createdC.operatedD.controlled问题7选项A.cameB.arrivedC.stemmedD.appeared问题8选项A.lessB.betterC.moreD.worse问题9选项A.genuin

37、eB.practicalC.pureD.clever问题10选项A.happilyB.occasionallyC.reluctantlyD.accurately问题11选项A.nowB.andC.allD.so问题12选项A.seldomB.sometimesC.usuallyD.never问题13选项A.planB.useC.ideaD.means问题14选项A.ofB.withC.toD.as问题15选项A.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specific问题16选项A.fewB.thoseC.manyD.all问题17选项A.proposedB.developedC

38、.suppliedD.offered问题18选项A.littleB.muchC.someD.any问题19选项A.asB.ifC.becauseD.while问题20选项A.agoB.pastC.aheadD.before【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:D第11题:D第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:D第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）名词辨析题。case事例, 案例；reason原因；factor因素；situation形势, 状况。根据原文上述条件是使英国成为工业

39、革命中心的重要因素。（2）考查逻辑连接词。根据上下文：上述条件是使英国成为工业革命中心的重要因素。但是这些远远不够，此处应该填入表转折的连词，所以选项A正确。（3）形容词辨析题。else意为“其他, 别的”；extra意为“额外的, 外加的”。文中表达的是“也需要其他条件”, 而不是“额外条件”, 所以选A。（4）形容词辨析题。根据下一句, 他们能够发明机器, 说明人类是具有创造性的个体, 选项D正确。（5）名词辨析题。origin“起因, 由来”；sources“来源, 根源”；base“基础”；discovery“发现”。根据原文, 找到新的权力来源符合逻辑。（6）上下文推断题。根据上句的

40、“invent machines”以及下文的“inventors”可知这里应选create。句意：这些人发明了工业革命的机器。选项B正确。（7）动词辨析题。come from“出自, 来自”, 与后面background搭配,意为“出于背景”。stem from意为“起源于”；选项B、C不与from搭配。所以选项A正确。（8）考查固定搭配。morethan是固定搭配, 意为“与其说不如”。句意：“与其说他们是科学家,不如说是发明家”。（9）形容词辨析题。genuine“真正的”, practical“实际的”, pure“纯粹的, 单纯的”, clever“聪明的”。句意：“一个纯粹的科学家主

41、要致力于精确地进行科学研究。”（10）副词辨析题。happily快乐地；occasionally间或, 偶尔；reluctantly不情愿地；accurately精确地。原文指科学家致力于精确地进行科学研究。选项D符合原文。（11）考查固定搭配。so that是固定搭配, 表目的。原文指：他并不一定是为了利用他的发现而工作。所以选项D正确。（12）副词辨析题。句意:“一个投资者或热衷于应用科学的人通常试图创造有使用价值的东西。” 选项C符合原文。（13）上下文推断题。根据下文“solve a problem by using the theories”可推测，这里指：做一些实用的东西，所以选项

42、B正确。（14）介词辨析题。theories of science指“科学的理论”。句意：他可能试图用科学的理论或通过反复试验来解决问题。选项A符合句意。（15）形容词辨析题。single“单独的,一个人”；sole“独有的, 单一的”；specialized“专门的”;specific“明确的”。根据句意：“他为了明确的结果而工作”。选项D正确。（16）上下文推断题。根据原文句意：他为了明确的结果而工作，收割机的建设，灯泡的燃烧，或许多其他目的之一。这里指“许多其他目的中的一个”。所以选项C符合原文。（17）动词辨析题。develop除了发展, 还有“研制、开发”的意思, 句意：工业革命中发

43、明机器的大多数人都是发明家，而不是训练有素的科学家。选项B符合原文。（18）上下文推断题。根据下文的“no training”可知填空处也应该填入否定意义的词, 只有little符合题意。（19）考查逻辑连接词。句意：“ 没有科学家早年打下的基础, 那些在科学上接受过很少或没有接受过教育的人就不可能有所发明创造”。if“如果, 假使”符合原文, 表示虚拟。（20）副词辨析题。ago只与一般过去时连用, 表示从现在角度看过去的某一时间；before用于过去完成时, 表示过去某个时间以前发生的动作。这里指多年以前，且时态为过去完成时，所以选项D正确。10. 单选题Henrys news repor

44、t covering the conference was so（）that nothing had been omitted.问题1选项A.clearB.integratedC.comprehensiveD.understandable【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。句意：亨利关于这次会议的新闻报道非常全面,没有遗漏任何东西。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题Peter and David have not been on speaking terms recently. They（）about something.问题1选项A.should quarrelB.might quarrelC.cou

45、ld have quarreledD.must have quarreled【答案】D【解析】考查推测。根据句意：彼得和大卫最近关系不好。他们一定是为了什么事吵架了。表示肯定的推测用must，选项D正确。12. 单选题Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can（）attack their trainer.问题1选项A.unexpectedlyB.deliberatelyC.reluctantlyD.subsequently【答案】A【解析】词义辨折题。Unexpectedly意外地,出乎意料地；deliberately故意地，谨慎地；re

46、luctantly不情愿地,嫌恶地；subsequently随后,后来。句意：尽管马戏团里的老虎已经被驯服，却能出人意料地攻击它们的驯兽师。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题The parents felt very delighted when their daughter decided to（）the movies and do her lessons.问题1选项A.forgiveB.forbidC.forgoD.foresee【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。forgo指放弃。句意：当他们的女儿决定放弃看电影而去上课时，父母感到非常高兴。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题Though（）in Sa

47、n Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.问题1选项A.raisedB.grownC.developedD.cultivated【答案】A【解析】考査动词辨析。raised养育；grown増长；developed培养,发展；cultivated耕作,种植。句意：虽然戴夫米切尔在旧金山长大，但他更喜欢记录小镇生活的平凡生活。选项A符合句意。15. 单选题Although there was a lot more to say, Stephen（）from

48、 further questions.问题1选项A.strainedB.refrainedC.resistedD.retreated【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。strained拉紧；refrained节制,克制；resist抵抗,一般与介词to搭配；retreated避开,撤退。句意：尽管还有很多可以说的,但斯蒂芬没有进一步回答更多的问题。选项D符合句意。16. 单选题Economics involves the study of topics like wealth and poverty, money and banks, incomes, taxes, prosperity and d

49、epression, big business and labor unions, and hundreds of other matters that intimately affect the way we live. Economic forces surround our daily lives, influencing how easy or how hard it is to get a job, how much we can earn in our chosen occupations, and how much our paychecks will buy after we

50、receive them.Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions about how much to spend and for what purposes, and how much to raise in taxes and who should be taxed as well as in their evaluations of the consequences of war, peace, and disarmament. Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal

51、 educational opportunities, and civil rights have important consequences for all of us for both those who are discriminated against and those who are not. At a still more global level economic factors are involved in birth, health, death, population growth, and the dynamics of history.In fact, proba

52、bly without exception, each topic in economics not only touches somewhere on your own personal life but is also important to some current economic problems of government on social policy and is, at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human history.The common thread that runs throug

53、h all of these topics, binding them together into a coherent body of study, is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services. Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature. A loaf of bread is the end result of long serie

54、s of operations that begins with planting and harvesting grain and proceeds through milling, baking, and shipping to the point at which the housewife can pick the loaf off the grocers shelf. The driver filling his tank at a services station is taking the final step in a long chain of activities: dri

55、lling oil wells, moving petroleum in ships and pipelines, chemical treatment, refining and storage. The same is generally true of all goods.The process of bridging the gap between the original resources of nature and needs of the final consumer is production. Production includes any activity that ma

56、kes goods and services available to people. It is not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encompasses services as well. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive, as are actors, musicians, entertainers, and others who perform services for our benefits.1.Which of the

57、 following is not mentioned in the passage?2.We may infer from the context that the word “encompass” (Line 4, Paragraph 5) means（）3.According to the passage, economics is the study of （）4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?5.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?问题1选项A.Econom

58、ic factors influence our daily life.B.Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions about some policies.C.What we study in economics is how governments influence the use of land, labor, capital, etc.D.The services of wholesalers, retailers and bankers are an important part of the prod

59、uctive process.问题2选项A.surroundB.encloseC.encircleD.include问题3选项A.production and consumptionB.governments policyC.activities that make goods available to peopleD.consequences of war and peace.问题4选项A.The services of doctors, lawyers and teachers are unproductive.B.Economic factors are involved in the development of history.C.All that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature.D.Job discrimination and unequal educational opportunities have important consequences only for those who