2022年考博英语-四川大学考前模拟强化练习题72（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-四川大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Are we at the beginning of another Age of Exploration? Perhaps even more important, are we at the beginning of （1 ） Age of Colonization? As the population of the world increases towards the point （2 ） the earth can no longer support all the people （3 ） on it, the

2、second question becomes urgent. Will we discover a new world, （4 ） Columbus did, on which human life will be possible? At this point in the space age, no one can really answer these questions. We can say, （5 ） , that we will not see tomorrow the kind of space travel that （6 ） fiction and the movies

3、have shown. It will be a long time before we have flight that run （7 ） to human colonies on the moon or on one of the planets. We are not even going to be able to （8 ） immediate advantages of the minerals that we may find on the planets （9 ） our own solar system.Great problems must be solved （10 ） w

4、e could send colonists out into space. The distances that must be （11 ） and the length of time it takes to do that can hardly be （12 ） . There are also dangers that we still do not really understandfrom radiation. For example, or from pieces of matter （13 ） in space, or from contamination from forms

5、 of life that might （14 ） there. There is also need for humans to take their own environment into space （15） them. So far no “ island” has been discovered in space on which people can exist without systems that （16 ） life , and these systems must accompany any future space （17 ） . Finally, on the ma

6、st practical （18 ） , there has to be the enormous expense （19 ） in space exploration. The USand Russian governments have already spent billions of dollars for projects （20 ） which they can receive return only in knowledge and not in money.问题1选项A.anotherB.anC.theD.one问题2选项A.whichB.whenC.whereD.whethe

7、r问题3选项A.inhabitedB.crowdedC.borneD.rushed问题4选项A.likeB.whatC.asD.such问题5选项A.howeverB.moreoverC.otherwiseD.therefore问题6选项A.ethicalB.scienceC.affectionalD.action问题7选项A.punctuallyB.permanentlyC.temporarilyD.regularly问题8选项A.getB.takeC.gainD.make问题9选项A.fromB.inC.onD.with问题10选项A.afterB.tillC.beforeD.until问

8、题11选项A.coveredB.doneC.endedD.finished问题12选项A.imaginedB.imaginableC.imaginaryD.imaginative问题13选项A.outB.overC.fromD.above问题14选项A.reviveB.existC.surviveD.live问题15选项A.aroundB.amongC.acrossD.with问题16选项A.supportB.handleC.provideD.invade问题17选项A.touristsB.pilotsC.travelersD.invaders问题18选项A.gradeB.levelC.poi

9、ntD.standard问题19选项A.involvedB.investedC.concernedD.budgeted问题20选项A.fromB.towardC.ontoD.with【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B第7题:D第8题:B第9题:B第10题:C第11题:A第12题:A第13题:A第14题:B第15题:D第16题:A第17题:C第18题:B第19题:B第20题:A【解析】（1）根据原文，也许更重要的是, 我们是否处于殖民化时代的开端？根据上文提到的another Age of Exploration可知此处应为another, 泛指“另一个”。选项

10、A正确。（2）本句中先行词为the point,定语从句中缺少状语。因此, 本题选C。（3）inhabit居住, 在出现;crowded拥挤的;bear忍受, 负担;rush猛攻, 突袭, （使）仓促行事。根据原文句意, 地球已不能再容纳所有拥挤在地球上的人，第二个问题变得紧迫。选项B符合原文。（4）句意：我们会像哥伦布那样发现一个人类可以定居的地方吗？选项A和C都有”就像，正如”的意思，但like的词性是动词, 此处需要填入一个连接词，所以排除选项A。（5）根据句意：我们可以这么说, 我们明天不会看到科幻小说和电影中所展示的那种太空旅行。结合上下文的意思，本题正确答案为A。（6）ethica

11、l fiction伦理小说;science fiction科幻小说;affectional fiction言情小说;action fiction武侠小说。涉及到太空旅行的小说应为科幻小说。所以选项B正确。（7）punctually准时地;permanently永远地, 永久地;temporarily暂时地;regularly规律地, 定期地。句意：还要很长时间, 我们才能拥有开往月球或者其他行星上的人类殖民地的航班。航班应该是规律的, 选项D符合原文。（8）考查固定搭配。take advantage of意为“利用；占的便宜”, 选项B正确。（9）考查介词搭配, 根据原文，我们本身处于太阳系之

12、内。选项B符合原文。（10）句意：在我们把移民送往太空 ,必须解决重大问题。根据逻辑关系判断, 问题的解决应当在发送移民之前, 选项C正确。（11）cover和distance搭配，指“通过一段路程，跨越一段距离”。因此, 本题选A。（12）imagined想象的, 理解的;imaginable可想象的, 可能地;imaginary想象中的, 幻想的;imaginative具有想象力的。结合上下文句意可知, 此处应表示“是很难理解的”。因此, 选项A为正确答案。（13）考査固定搭配。out in space意为“在太空”, 其他几个选项均不能与in space搭配使用。（14）revive使复

13、活, 使恢复, 使振奋;exist存在, 生存, 存活;survive幸存, 生还, 活得比时间长;live居住,生活。句意：例如，或者来自太空中的物质碎片，或者来自那里可能存在的生命形式的污染。根据句意可知, 选项B正确。（15）本题考查固定结构。take sth. with sb.意为“某人随身携带某物”, around, among,across均不能和take进行搭配。因此, 本题选D。（16）support支持, 帮助, 支撑, 维持;handle操控, 操作, 手柄, 解决;provide提供（服务等）；invade侵袭, 干扰。根据句意：到目前为止, 在太空中尚未发现可以让人们在

14、没有维持生命的系统的情况下而存活的“岛屿”。support life意为“支持生命”, 因此, 本题选A。（17）tourist旅行者, 观光客;pilot飞行员；space traveler太空旅行者;invader侵略者, 侵人者。结合语境可知, 全文都在描述太空探索相关方面的内容, 因此, 本题选C。（18）原文指在最实际的层面上。onlevel固定搭配，意为“从的层面考虑”。选项B符合原文。（19）根据句意：太空探索必须投入巨大的费用。involve涉及, 卷入;invest投资, 投入;concern关注, 关心;budget预算。选项B正确。（20）考查介词搭配。receive s

15、th. from意为“从得到.”。其他介词均不能与receive搭配。因此,本题选A。2. 单选题Charles Weiss, program director of science and international affairs at Georgetown University in Washington D. C., was the banks science adviser in the early 1980s. he believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance

16、 of succeeding than his own efforts. This, he says, is partly because they have the support of senior executives, particularly James Wolfensohn, the banks president, and partly because the bank is now been to promote knowledge-based development.Unusually for a lending institution, the World Bank pos

17、sesses world-class expertise on the projects and the regions where it lends money. Of its 8000 staff, 3000 have a PhD-level qualification, and many of these are top-ranked researchers headhunted from universities. The quantity and quality of the banks research is consistently high.But this more anal

18、ytical aspect of the banks work has always been overshadowed by its lending arm-known as operationswhich has generally considered research to be a function of lending, rather than an activity in its own right. In 1987, half of the research staff were sent to work operations.This tension between the

19、research and lending wings remains, and is one of several challenges that will need to be overcome if the new strategy is to bear fruit. In particular, the need for a new department for science is being questioned by some who do not want to see science confined to a ghetto and think it should be par

20、t of the lending portfolio of all of the banks departments.Some operations staff have yet to be convinced of the merits of raising the banks research profile or funding research in developing countries. They believe that more attention should be paid to conventional infrastructure needs in poorer co

21、untries which, because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital.The reaction from developing countries will be an important test of the new strategy. The richer countries of Southeast Asia, Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East are likely to be more receptive than

22、poorer countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the bank is not popular, and where almost 50 per cent of bank-assisted projects have failed during this decade.1.Which of the following is True according to Paragraph 1?2.We can infer from the passage that( ).3.One of the challenges for rai

23、sing the hanks research profile lies in ( ) .4.The word “infrastructure” (Paragraph 5) most probably refers to ( ) .5.The best title of the passage may be( ) .问题1选项A.The World Bank used to attach importance to research in the early 1980s.B.The banks senior executives are in favor of Charles Weisss p

24、romotion.C.The bank is now keen to establish a new department for science.D.James Wolfensohn is thinking about utilizing the banks research resources.问题2选项A.top-ranked researchers were eager to work in operationsB.the lending wing is reluctant to consider research as an independent activityC.the new

25、 strategy has had a successful result in some developed countriesD.science has long been overshadowed because the banks research work was not efficient问题3选项A.lack of investment in scienceB.the reaction from senior executivesC.the lending wings negative attitudeD.low credit ratings问题4选项A.the basic fa

26、cilities, services, and installationsB.the interrelation or arrangement of parts in a complex entityC.an underlying base or foundationD.something constructed问题5选项A.Research Portfolio of the World BankB.A New Strategy of the World BankC.Tension between Two WingsD.Lending Operations in Developing Coun

27、tries【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的第二句“he believes this latest attempt to get the bank thinking about science has more chance of succeeding than his own efforts.”他相信, 这一使银行思考科学的最新尝试比他自己的努力更有可能成功。说明银行想要建立一个新的科学部门。选项C符合原文。选项B高管不是支持Charles的晋升, 而是支持他的研究, 所以表述错误。选项A和D在第一段没有提及。2.选项A文中只提到“In 198

28、7, half of the research staff were sent to work operations.”一半的研究人员被派往业务部门工作, 并没有提到是他们想去的, 所以表述错误；根据最后一段的内容可知, 发展中国家的反应将是对新战略的重要考验。因为在相对贫穷的国家, 近50%的世行援助项目在这十年中都失败了。所以选项C错误；根据第三段的第一句“But this.by its lending arm-known as operations”不是因为研究工作的效率不高, 而是因为业务部门认为研究是贷款的一种功能, 而不是一项独立的活动。所以选项D错误, 选项B正确。3.根据第五段

29、的最后一句“ because of low credit ratings, will have little access to private capital.”因为这些国家的信用评级较低, 很难获得私人资本。选项D正确。4.infrastructure指基础的设施设备和服务, 选项A正确。5.文章主要讲的是世界银行的新战略以及战略目前面临的困境, 选项B符合原文。选项C描述太广泛, 不是很恰当。选项A和D都是小片段, 所以也不正确。3. 单选题If the world is to remain peaceful the utmost effort must be made by natio

30、ns to limit local（ ） .问题1选项A.collisionsB.combatsC.contradictionsD.conflicts【答案】D【解析】collision碰撞, 抵触, 冲突;combat格斗, 战斗;contradiction矛盾, 否认;conflict冲突(指处于战争状态或激烈的争吵)。句意：如果想要维持世界和平, 各国需要尽最大努力来限制地区冲突。4. 单选题I （ ） this soup, I （ ） pepper in it.问题1选项A.am tasting.am tastingB.am tasting.tasteC.taste. am tasti

31、ngD.taste.have tasted【答案】B【解析】第一个taste是动态动词, 表示动作正在进行；第二个taste是感官动词, 用原型。5. 单选题Do governments really assign and enforce property rights? Despite the fact that Registries of Deeds now record land ownership of every square inch of North American territory, it is obvious: hat these rights have not alwa

32、ys existed. 1In 1785, the U.S. Congress was busily assigning unclaimed land to the construction of public schools in the Northwest Territory; later to the construction of railroads in the West. Today, most land is claimed, but national governments and international agencies alike are busily creating

33、 new rights in other types of scarce resources such as the electromagnetic spectrum or the geostationary arc.2The electromagnetic spectrum, popularly called the airwaves, is an immense range of frequencies (radio waves, microwaves, visible light, X-rays, gamma rays, and more) that are converted by m

34、any for voice communication, navigation, data transmission, and the like. Almost all currently available frequencies are being used by someone, and the unchecked arrival of new users would lead to serious overcrowding and bad reception for all. But new arrivals keep coming and thus create an airwave

35、s gridlock. These would-be users include the obvious: AM and FM radio stations as well as VHF and UHF television companies. They include people engaged in airplane, boat, car, and railroad communications, and others building cellular phone companies and satellite navigation systems. 3They also inclu

36、de energy companies wanting to relay safety information from remote pipeline monitors, makers of high-definition television, and scientists with radio telescopes waiting for messages from extraterrestrials. Most of all, they include the users of millions of gadgets, such as baby monitors, cordless p

37、hones, garage door openers, pagers, TV remote controls, and ultrasonic denture cleaners. The jammed airwaves problem came.to a head in 1990 when UPS, the largest private package carrier in the United States, decided to outfit its 55,000 trucks with radio receivers and transmitters so customers could

38、 be given up-to-the-second information about deliveries. The Federal Communications Commission allocated a frequency to UPS that had been used by ham radio operators, which caused many problems. The 170,000 member American Radio Relay League picketed federal buildings in major cities across the land

39、. It deluged the FCC, the Congress, and the White House with angry letters, and it challenged the FCC action in court. Two congressmen quickly introduced the Emerging Telecommunications Technology Act. It would take 200 megahertz of spectrum from the military (in light of the end of the Cold War) an

40、d distribute this peace dividend to civilian users. President Bush, in turn, chided the FCC for practically giving away scarce frequencies and included in the 1991 budget $ 3 billion of revenue from selling a portion of the airwaves to would-be owners. 4While the FCC had been charging favored recipi

41、ents nominal annual license fees, the average sales price of AM and FM radio stations in the 1980s came to $ 1.24 million, that of VHF and UHF television stations was $21.52 million. Sixty percent of these prices were attributable solely to the FCC license.1.The subject of this passage may be said t

42、o be ( ) .2.In Paragraph 1, the word spectrum means ( ) .3.If the author were delivering this passage orally, his or her tone of voice would probably be ( ) .4.Which of these statements would the author support?5.The last sentence in Paragraph 1 (Today, most.) suggests that the authors purpose is to

43、 ( ) .问题1选项A.the overcrowding of airwavesB.radio station ownership and sales pricesC.ownership rights to airwaves and spaceD.the geostationary arc above the equator问题2选项A.a part of a wholeB.a continuous rangeC.an optical instrumentD.a special quality问题3选项A.earnestB.abstruseC.amusedD.detached问题4选项A.C

44、ongressional action can easily solve the airwaves problems that are developingB.FM radio bands are not as jammed as AM bands.C.Airwaves gridlock is likely to become a major problem in the near future.D.World government bodies are likely to develop a control program for use of space.问题5选项A.describe a

45、 problemB.offer a solutionC.classify informationD.criticize【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据原文内容可知, 本文的主题是讲随着新用户的到来, 无线电波过度拥挤。并且在第二段花了大量的篇幅来举例说明, 第二段后半部分提到电波过度拥挤带来的问题。所以选项A更能概括原文主题。2.根据第二段的第一句“.is an immense range of frequencies.”电磁波谱, 通常被称为无线电波, 是一个巨大的频率范围。所以选项B正确。3.作者如果用口头表达这篇文章的话, 他的语气可能是 . e

46、arnest认真的；abstruse深奥的, 难懂的；amused愉快的；detached超然的。根据文章内容, 作者在很严肃的讨论电波拥挤造成的问题, 所以选项A认真的, 符合语境。4.根据第二段的内容可知, 电波拥挤的这个问题一直没有被解决, 所以在不久的将来可能会 成为一个大问题。选项C正确。5.根据第一段的最后一句可知, 今天, 大多数土地被要求拥有, 但各国政府和国际机构都在忙于在其他种类的稀缺资源, 以便创造新的权力, 比如电磁频谱或地球静止弧。但这个问题还是没有得到解决, 所以作者的目的在于批判政府机构的无能。选项D正确。6. 单选题（ ） , explorers could n

47、ever have found the cave.问题1选项A.But for the fissure had been spottedB.If not the fissure had been spottedC.Had the fissure not been spottedD.Had not the fissure been spotted【答案】D【解析】本句为省略了引导词if的条件句, 所以需要倒装。在这种情况下, 如果从句是否定形式且从句主语是名词, 那么否定词not放在名词前面；而如果从句主语是代词, 则把not放在代词后面, 如“haditnotbeen.”。所以选项D正确。7.

48、 单选题Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasnt surprised when this didnt make the news here in

49、the United Stateswere now the only wealthy country without such a policy.The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. D

50、espite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “government-run personnel management” and a “dangerous precedent”. In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance mea

51、sures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed.As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes

52、Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it comes to children. “Society expectsand needsparents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emot

53、ional and moral capabilities. And society expectsand needsparents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed.”While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious

54、reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern childrens welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes. To classify parentin

55、g as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue to the whole of society as todays children become tomorrow, s productive citizenry. In fact, by some estimat

56、es, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages) , is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefitsas they clearly dothe benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much

57、 clearer.1.What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph?2.What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States?3.What is Professor Anne Alstons argument for parental support?4.What does the author think of Americas large body of family laws governing c

58、hildrens welfare?5.Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?问题1选项A.America is now the only developed country without the policy.B.It has now become a hot topic in the United States.C.It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy.D.Its meaning was clarified w

59、hen it was established in Australia.问题2选项A.The incompetence of the Democrats.B.The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.C.The lack of a precedent in American history.D.The opposition from business circles.问题3选项A.The cost o raising children in the UShas been growing.B.Good parenting benefits society

60、.C.The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries.D.Children need continuous care.问题4选项A.They fail to ensure children, s healthy growthB.The fail to provide enough support for parentsC.They emphasize parents legal responsibilities.D.They impose the care of children on parents.问题5选项A.It is r

61、egarded as a legal obligation.B.It relies largely on social support.C.It generates huge social benefits.D.It is basically a social undertaking.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，在发达国家中，只有两个国家不提供带薪照顾新生儿的假期保障。去年澳大利亚也建立了带薪探亲假，而在美国却还是没有这项政策。所以根据第一段的最后一句“I wasnt surprised.were now the only wea

62、lthy country without such a policy.”可知，选项A符合原文。2.根据关键词“work-family”定位到第二段的最后一句“In fact, every step.business groups have been strongly opposed.”选项D正确。3.根据第三段的第一句“justifying parental support.must pay for.”选项B与原文描述相符。4.根据第四段“The state recognizes.parents receive little help in meeting the life-changing obligations society impose