2022年考博英语-西南大学考前模拟强化练习题35（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The conference chairman made a （ ）statement before beginning the main business of the afternoon session.问题1选项A.interestingB.renewableC.reversibleD.preliminary【答案】D【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。interesting “有趣的”；renewable “可再生的”；reversible “可逆的，可撤销的”；preliminary “初步的，开始的”。句意：在开始下午

2、的主要议程之前，会议主席致了开幕词。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents.Shocked at how much money

3、 kids spend? Maybe you havent cheeked the price tags lately on some of the younger generations must-haves.To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem outrageous. Why do some parents give in?One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. Accord

4、ing to the group Adbusters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertisements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music-, and skin-filled shows on MTV and youve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in.The pressures

5、 on parents today are enormous,n says Tom Vogele, a single father of twin 18-year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. I truly believe it is harder today to raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but because so many forces are working against me.Many workin

6、g parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, says Timothy Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending mo

7、ney is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to baseball games or other activities.Its easier to say lets go out and spend some money, in terms of finding time in a busy schedule to spend with kids,55 Marshall said.For many families, of course, keeping up with their childre

8、ns costly demands for designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is a financial impossibility. Even for those families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible.Teaching kids how to budget and save is key, Marshall

9、says. Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desire, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want, he says.And dont be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. We need to step up and tell kids where the boundaries are, that is parts of our responsi

10、bility as parents, he said.1.In the first paragraph, “Northbrook is most probably （ ）.2.Some people find it outrageous that（ ）.3.What is the effect of marketing through mass media?4.According to Marshall, parents prefer to spend money on their children mainly because（ ）.5.What does Marshall think pa

11、rents should do with the childrens spending habit?问题1选项A.a market research company based in IllinoisB.a spokesman for the Teenage Research UnlimitedC.the base of the Teenage Research UnlimitedD.the city where the spending survey was carried out问题2选项A.some parents indulge their children in extravagan

12、t spendingB.some younger generations must-haves could cost so muchC.some parents are ignorant about their childrens spendingD.some children disregard their notorious spending habits问题3选项A.It fills the market with ads beyond the youngs understanding.B.It directs not only the trend but also the ways o

13、f advertising.C.It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs.D.It triggers young peoples desire to keep up with the trend.问题4选项A.they cant afford the time to stay with their children.B.they want to make up their guilt for their children.C.they find it more convenient than going out wi

14、th the children.D.they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging them问题5选项A.They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending.B.They should restrain the childrens spending within limits.C.They should be responsible for providing for the children.D.They should draw up a budget plan for th

15、e children.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just last year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited提到了Northbrook，后面跟了一个同位语来解释说明Northbrook，所以可以得知Northbrook

16、是一个市场调研集团。选项A符合题意。2.文章第三段第一句To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem outrageous提到对一些人来说，年轻人在奢侈品上花太多钱让他们无法容忍。选项A符合题意。3.文章第四段提到青少年受各种大众媒体的影响很大。各种形式的广告不断告诉他们如果想适应这个社会，就应该拥有某些东西。选项D符合题意。4.文章第六段提到很多父母没有时间陪伴孩子，因而感到愧疚（For some, there is probably some guilt involved in n

17、ot spending enough time at home），于是，便通过多给孩子零用钱作为补偿（Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids）。选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到父母应该告诉孩子如何做预算，如何节省，而不是一味地放任。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题The summer session in Georgetown University was a really wonderful occasion which we will（ ） for many years to come

18、.问题1选项A.discountB.acquitC.cherishD.blur【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。discount “打折扣”；acquit “无罪释放”；cherish “珍惜”；blur “使模糊不清”。句意：乔治敦大学暑期班是个很棒的场合，我们将在今后的许多年里都会珍惜它。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Diamonds have little （ ）value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.subtleB.eternalC.inherentD.intrinsic【答案】D【解

19、析】考察形容词词义辨析。 subtle “微妙的”； eternal “永恒的”；inherent “固有的”； intrinsic “本质的，固有的”。句意：钻石的内在的价值很少，它的价格几乎完全取决于它的稀少。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Within ten years they have tamed the （ ）hill into green woods.问题1选项A.vacantB.barrenC.weirdD.wasteful【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。vacant “空虚的；空的”； barren “贫瘠的；不生育的”; weird “怪异的”； wasteful “浪

20、费的”。句意：十年时间他们把荒山变成了绿色林地。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题The head window of the car is made of safety glass that wont （ ）if it is broken.问题1选项A.shatterB.shudderC.crushD.crumple【答案】A【解析】考察动词词义辨析。shatter “粉碎”；shudder “发抖，战栗”；crush “压（或挤）”；crumple “(使)起皱”。句意：车子的车头窗是由安全玻璃构成的，在打破后不会粉碎。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题The criminal made a(n) （

21、 ）for freedom by trying to run away.问题1选项A.resortB.pleaC.appealD.bid【答案】D【解析】考察名词词义辨析。resort “手段”；plea “请求”；appeal “呼吁”；bid “投标”。句意：罪犯试图通过逃跑来争取自由。make a bid for 争取，选项D符合题意。8. 单选题Doctors are interested in using lasers as a surgical tool in operations on people who are （ ）to heart attack.问题1选项A.proneB

22、.disposedC.infectiousD.accessible【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。prone “有倾向的， 易于的”；disposed “有.倾向的”；infectious “传染的”；accessible “易接近的”。句意：医生们在对易于患心脏病的病人进行外科手术时，热衷于使用激光作为手术工具。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题A （ ）statement will very likely be one that appears to be convincing on the surface, but which, upon closer examination, is n

23、ot so.问题1选项A.reasonableB.plausibleC.crediblD.laudable【答案】B【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。reasonable “合理的”；plausible “貌似可信的”；credible “可靠的”；laudable “值得称赞的”。句意：一个貌似可信的陈述很有可能表面看是可信的，但仔细分析后，是不正确的。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles,

24、 the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical, reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits

25、. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissionsshort of a massive shift away from the private automobileis to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as compressed natural gas liquefied petroleum ga

26、s, ethanol, or methanol.All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules bum more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to

27、generate ozone. The combustion of large molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into

28、the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of heavy fuel tanksa serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.Ethanol and methanol

29、, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels; they have hither energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twi

30、ce as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanols most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics.

31、 Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline

32、and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than gasoline clone vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorpora

33、ting only the simplest of the Engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.1.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with（ ）.2.According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline th

34、an with an alternative fuel because: （ ）.3.The passage suggests which of the Following about air pollution?4.The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature of methanol?5.It can be inferred that the author of the passage most likely regards the criticism of methanol in the

35、last paragraph as（ ）.问题1选项A.countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problemB.reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problemC.identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problemD.discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to

36、 it问题2选项A.the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons.B.the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactions.C.gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure.D.gasoline is composed of small molecules.问题3选项A.Further attempts to reduce emissions from g

37、asoline-fueled vehicles will not help lower urban air-pollution levels.B.Attempts to reduce the pollutions that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle emits havebeen largely unsuccessful.C.Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants emitted by gasoline- fueled vehicles.D.Po

38、llutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source of urban air pollution.问题4选项A.It is substantially less expensive than ethanol.B.It could be provided to consumers through the existing motor fuel distribution systemC.It has a higher energy content than other alternative f

39、uels.D.Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels.问题5选项A.flawed because of the assumptions on which it is basedB.inapplicable because of an inconsistency in the critics argumentsC.misguided because of its exclusively technological focusD.invalid because it reflects the personal bias of the crit

40、ics【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissionsshort of a massive shift away from the private automobileis to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as

41、compressed natural gas liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol是本文的主旨句，提出如何来减少机动车尾气排放。所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第二段第三句The combustion of large molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions提到大分子的燃烧有着更复杂的反映，选项B符合题意。3.题干中出现了air pollution, 因此可以将重点放在第一段。第一段主要提及了尽

42、管污染减少，但还是需要有效的方法来改善环境。第一段最后一句话可以推出选项A符合题意。4.文章第三段最后一句Methanols most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.提到甲醇最吸引人的特点就是会大幅度减少臭氧水平。选项D符合题意。5.根据文章第四段第二句Yet much of the criticism is based on the

43、 use of gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol可知选项A符合题意。11. 单选题It is necessary that he（ ）the assignment without delay.问题1选项A.hand inB.hands inC.must hand inD.has to hand in【答案】A【解析】考察it is necessary + tha

44、t固定句型的用法。固定句型：It is necessary + that （should）be+其他成分，选项A符合题意。12. 单选题A person who studies （ ）learns how to express numbers approximately and how to calculate ratios and averages.问题1选项A.staticB.statisticC.statisticsD.status【答案】C【解析】考察形近词词义辨析。Static “静止的，静态的”；statistic “数据，数字”； statistics “统计学”； status

45、 “地位，身份”。句意：统计学专业学生主要学习如何大概地表示数据，如何计算比例和平均值。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题（ ） drills that have no real topic have to remain as they are.问题1选项A.ManufactureB.ManipulativeC.ManipulateD.Manifest【答案】B【解析】考察形似词词义辨析。manufacture“制造”；manipulative“操作的；控制的”； manipulate“操纵”；manifest“显然的；明显的”。句意：没有实际主题的操作性训练只能保持原样。选项B符合题意。14.

46、单选题Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the computing machines “intelligence” on the details of its own perceptions its inability

47、 to be guided by a large context. In a psychological description of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single-minded, literal-minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness, literal-mindedness, and simple-m

48、indedness also characterizes theoretical mathematics, though to a lesser extent.Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for in

49、stance: it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic, effects; and tha

50、t this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this se

51、nse inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach.Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for

52、the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined, and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians literal-mindedness may ha

53、ve unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists theoretical assumptions that are, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. T

54、he question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context-what happens if the axioms are relaxed? -is thereby ignored.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the a

55、ssumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.1.The author discusses computing machines in the first paragraph primarily in order to, do which of the following?2

56、.It can be inferred from the text that scientists make which of the following assumptions about scientific arguments?3.According to the text, mathematicians present a risk to scientist for which of the following reasons?4.The author suggests that-the approach of physicists to solving scientific prob

57、lem is which of the following?5.The author implies that scientists develop a healthy skepticism because they are aware that （ ）.问题1选项A.Indicate the dangers inherent in relying to a great extent on machines.B.Illustrate his views about the approach of mathematicians to problem solving.C.Compare the w

58、ork of mathematicians with that of computer programmers.D.Provide one definition of intelligence.问题2选项A.The literal truth of the arguments can be made clear only in a mathematical context.B.The arguments necessarily ignore the central question of scientific investigation.C.The armaments probably wil

59、l be convincing only to other scientists.D.The premises on which the arguments are based may change.问题3选项A.Mathematicians may provide theories that are incompatible with those already developed by scientists.B.Mathematicians may define situations in a way that is incomprehensible to scientists.C.Mat

60、hematicians may convince scientists that theoretical assumptions are facts.D.Scientists may come to believe that axiomatic statements are untrue.问题4选项A.Practical for scientific Purposes.B.Detrimental to: scientific progress.C.Unimportant in most Situations.D.Expedient, but of little long-term value.

61、问题5选项A.mathematicians are better able to solve problems than are scientists.B.changes in axiomatic propositions will inevitably undermine scientific arguments.C.well-defined situations are necessity for the design of reliable experiments.D.some factors in most situations must remain unknown.【答案】第1题:

62、B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段作者用计算机 “computing machines”作为例子来帮助我们更好的了解数学理论“theoretical mathematics”。选项B符合题意。2.文章最后一段提到基于某些参数的变化而会导致某些前提的改变（since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed）。选项D符合题意。3.文章倒数第二段

63、的倒数第二、三句The mathematicians turn the scientists theoretical assumptions that are, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally提到数学家将这些理论假设变成公理，并且还试图说服科学家相信这些假设都真的。选项