2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题35（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Early decisionyou apply to one school, and admission is bindingseems like a great choice for nervous applicants Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you h

2、ave a better chance of getting in. And if you do, youre done with the whole agonizing process by December. But what most students and parents dont realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.Early decision since its binding, allows schools to fill their classes with quali

3、fied students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that

4、this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under regular admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that cou

5、ld be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni and arguably make a more informed decision.There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When studen

6、ts become too fixated on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if they dont get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further reflection, may not actually be right for them.Inso

7、far as early decision offers a genuine admissions edge; that advantage goes largely to students who already have numerous advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background.

8、In this regard, theres an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to navigate the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that theres one school they would be thrilled

9、to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision. But for students who havent yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at

10、 a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.36. What are students obliged to do under early decision?37. Why do schools offer early decision?38. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?39. Why are some people opposed to early decis

11、ions?40. What does the author advise college applicants to do?问题1选项A.Attend the school once they are admitted.B.Look into a lot of schools before they apply.C.Think twice before they accept the offer.D.Consult the current students and alumni.问题2选项A.To provide more opportunities for applicants.B.To a

12、void competition with other college.C.To make sure they get qualified students.D.To save students the agony of choosing a school.问题3选项A.It makes their application process more complicated.B.It places too high a demand on their research ability.C.It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.D.I

13、t allows them little time to make informed decisions.问题4选项A.It interferes with students learning in high school.B.It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.C.It places students from lower income families at a disadvantage.D.It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.问题5选项A

14、.Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.B.Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.C.Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.D.Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】36. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节辨认题。由题干中的obl

15、iged to do和early decision定位到首段首句。Early decisionyou apply to one school, and admission is binding由定位句可知，在提前录取体制下，你申请一所学校，其录取具有约束力。A项“一旦他们被录取就去上学。”；B项“在申请之前多了解一些学校。”；C项“在他们接受这个提议之前要三思。”；D项“咨询目前的学生和校友。”。结合题意可知，A选项和“约束”呼应，正确。故答案为A。37. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干中的offer early decision定位到首段最后一句。首段末句中提到“But wha

16、t most students and parents dont realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.”学校提供提前录取是有其隐藏的动机的。接下来，由第二段第一句可知，Early decision since its binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students;提前录取可以使学校录取到高质量的学生。A项“为申请人提供更多的机会。”；B项“避免与其他大学竞争。”；C项“以确保他们得到合格的学生。

17、”，符合题意。D项“为学生省去选学校的痛苦。”故答案为C。38. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节辨认题。由题干中的the problem和for students定位到第三段第一句。The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point.定位句指出，问题在于这个过程实际上缩短了学生必须作出他们到那时为止人生最重要的决定的时间。A

18、项“这使得他们的申请过程更加复杂。”未说明。B项“这对他们的研究能力要求太高了。”未提及。C项“这会给他们带来更多的心理压力”，D项“这让他们很少有时间做出明智的决定。”D项更符合题意。39. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节辨认题。由题干中的opposed定位到倒数第二段最后一句。In this regard, theres an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to naviga

19、te the often confusing early deadlines.定位句指出，有人反对提前录取，因为低收入家庭的学生收到录取指南以助他们理解那些常常让人困惑的提前录取截止时间的可能性要小得多。A项“它干扰了学生在高中的学习。”；B项“它对普通高中的学生有偏见。”；C选项“它让来自低收入家庭的学生处于不利地位”符合。D项“这在大学申请者中造成了不必要的混乱。”。C选项符合，故答案为C。40. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干中的the author advise和题文同序原则定位到最后一段。定位段第二句指出，But for students who havent yet

20、done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.对于那些没有做足研究或者始终无法确定自己最喜欢哪所学

21、校的学生来说，提前录取体制没有必要并且过早地缩小了他们此时的选择范围，而这个时候他们正应该放开自己以迎接一系列令人心动的选择。A项“避免与来自特权家庭的学生竞争。”B项“找到他们最喜欢的学校的充分信息。”，符合题意。C项“避免过早作出决定，除非他们准备充分。”D项“不要只看那几个令人兴奋的选项”。故答案为B。2. 单选题Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Kidnapping is the cruelest crime of the 20th century. There is not the pol

22、itical passion behind most hijacking; the motive is greed for money. The victims, provided their families are rich enough, are chosen at random. With the constant exposure by the media of personal fame and fortune, most people are vulnerable than ever.The most notorious kidnapping began on the eveni

23、ng of March 1, 1932, when someone placed a home-made ladder against the New Jersey home of Colonel Charles Lindbergh and stole his blond, blue-eyed baby son. A ransom note was left from the kidnapper. Lindbergh, the first pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic, was the most popular man in America.Whe

24、n the boy was found a few miles away with his head crushed in, the whole nation was shocked and Congress passed the “Lindbergh Kidnap Law”, with the death penalty for transporting a kidnap victim across a state line. The kidnapper, Bruno Richard Hauptmann, was caught two-and-a-half years later, when

25、 he exchanged some of the ransom money. He was executed in 1936.Kidnapping is an example of inflation: Hauptmann demanded $50,000; in 1973 the Getty family had to pay 1,300,000 pounds and the ransom delivery in two billion Italian lire weighed a ton. In this kidnapping, things went dreadfully wrong.

26、 When the kidnappers cut off Gettys right ear and sent it to a newspaper, they forgot the postal strike which delayed this proof by three weeks. In the case of Muriel McKay, the kidnappers picked the wrong woman. The Hosein brothers had developed their plan when they saw Rupert Murdoch on a TV show

27、in 1969 and heard him described as a millionaire, a word which stimulated their action. Yet, in tracing Murdochs Rolls-Royce, they failed to realize that he had left for Australia with his wife and had loaned the car to Douglas McKay, a chairman of one of his enterprises. Attacking the wrong home, t

28、he Hoseins kidnapped Mrs. McKay by mistake, but still demanded their million pounds.The end result of kidnapping is never clean: Lindbergh never psychologically recovered. Young Paul Getty jokes: “It was a high-priced ear!” But the scars must be internal, too. The saddest comment came from Douglas M

29、cKay after the trial of the Hoseins: “They have got a life sentence. I, too, have a life sentence wondering just what has happened to my dear wife.”21. Why are most people vulnerable than ever according to the writer?22. What do we learn about the Lindbergh case?23. What does the writer mean by sayi

30、ng “Kidnapping is an example of inflation”?24. What could be inferred when the Hosein brothers kidnapped Muriel McKay?25. What does the writer suggest about the kidnapping victims and their relatives?问题1选项A.There are more greedy people in the world than ever before.B.There are more rich people in th

31、e world than ever before.C.It is difficult nowadays to be rich in secret.D.Political hijackings have become more and more common.问题2选项A.Lindbergh was the first pilot to fly solo across the Pacific.B.Lindbergh placed a home-made ladder against his house.C.The kidnapper was arrested and executed 4 yea

32、rs later.D.The kidnapper killed Lindberghs son cold-bloodedly.问题3选项A.There are more and more kidnapping cases.B.Kidnappers make more and more mistakes.C.Kidnappers demand for more and more ransom.D.Kidnappers are not paid as much as they require.问题4选项A.They were paid a million pounds, but still kill

33、ed the victim.B.They thought that they were kidnapping Mrs. Murdoch.C.They did not know that Mrs. McKay had gone to Australia.D.They did not know that Mrs. Murdoch was an Australian.问题5选项A.They usually never recover completely.B.They are usually left with no money at all.C.They should consider thems

34、elves lucky to be alive.D.They live in fear for the rest of their lives.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:21. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干定位到文章第一段中的最后一句“With the constant exposure by the media of personal fame and fortune, most people are vulnerable than ever.随着个人名誉和财富的媒体的不断曝光，大多数人比以往任何时候都更加脆弱。”可推知C项“现

35、在秘密发财是很困难的。”正确。A项“世界上贪婪的人比以往任何时候都多。”；B项“世界上的富人比以往任何时候都多。”；C项“现在秘密发财是很困难的。”；D项“政治劫持变得越来越普遍。”，因此C选项正确。22. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。第三段提到When the boy was found a few miles away with his head crushed in，说明这个飞行员的儿子被绑匪杀害了，与D选项相符。A项“林德伯格是第一个独自飞越太平洋的飞行员”，文中提及林德伯格是第一个独自飞越大西洋的飞行员；B项“林德伯格在他的房子旁放了一个自制的梯子”，梯子是绑匪放的；C项“

36、绑匪被逮捕并在4年后被处决”，绑匪是在两年半后被抓，1936年被处决的。23. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章第四段中的第一句“Kidnapping is an example of inflation: Hauptmann demanded $50,000; in 1973 the Getty family had to pay 1,300,000 pounds and the ransom delivery in two billion Italian lire weighed a ton.绑架就是通货膨胀的一个例子：豪普特曼要求5万美元赎金；1973年，格蒂家族不

37、得不支付130万英镑和价值一吨的20亿意大利里拉的赎金。”豪普特曼要求支付5万美元赎金，而1973年格蒂一家不得不支付130万英镑，可知C项“绑匪要求越来越多的赎金”正确。A项“绑架案件越来越多。”；B项“绑匪犯的错误越来越多。”；C项“绑匪索要越来越多的赎金。”；D项“绑匪得到的报酬并不像他们要求的那么多。”，因此C选项正确。24. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干定位到文章第四段中的“they failed to realize that he had left for Australia with his wife and had loaned the car to Doug

38、las McKay他们没有意识到他已经和妻子去了澳大利亚，并把车借给了道格拉斯麦凯”和“Attacking the wrong home, the Hoseins kidnapped Mrs. McKay by mistake由于袭击了错误的家庭，侯赛因夫妇错误地绑架了麦凯太太”，可知B项“他们认为他们绑架的是默多克太太。”正确。A项“他们拿到了一百万英镑，但还是杀了受害者。”；B项“他们认为他们绑架的是默多克太太。”；C项“他们不知道麦凯太太去了澳大利亚。”；D项“他们不知道默多克太太是澳大利亚人。”，因此B选项正确。25. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中的

39、第一句“The end result of kidnapping is never clean: Lindbergh never psychologically recovered.绑架的最终结果永远是不能干净的：林德伯格的心理永远无法恢复。”可知A项“他们通常不会完全康复。”正确。A项“他们通常不会完全康复。”；B项“他们通常一无所有。”；C项“他们应该认为自己能活着是幸运的。”；D项“他们余生都生活在恐惧中。”，因此A选项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:3. 单选题Directions: Reading the following text. Choose the best word

40、 or phrase for each numbered blank from the four choices marked A, B, C or D.A four-year college degree, seen for generations as a ticket to a better life, is（11）enough to guarantee a steadily rising paycheck.Just ask Bea Dewing. After she earned a bachelors degreehis secondin computer science from

41、Marylands Frostburg State University in 1986, she enjoyed almost unbroken advance in（12）, eventually earning $89,000 a year as a data modeler for Sprint Corp in Lawrence, Ken. Then, in 2002, Sprint laid her off.“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or months at most,” says Ms. Dewing, now 56 yea

42、rs old.（13）she spent the next six years in a career wilderness, starting in internet cafe that didnt succeed, working（14）job and low-end positions in data processing, and fruitlessly（15）hundreds of job postings. The low point came around 2004 when a recruiter for Sprintnow known as Sprint Nextel Cor

43、p.called seeking to fill a job similar to the one she（16）two years earlier, but paying barely a third of her old salary.In April, Ms. Dewing finally landed a job（17）her old one in the information technology department of Wal-Mart Store Inc.s headquarters in Bentonville, Ark, where she relocated. She

44、（18）about 20% less than she did in 2002, adjusted for inflation, but considers herself fortunate, and wiser.A degree, she says, “isnt any big guarantee of employment, its a basic（19）, a step you have to take to（20）be considered for many professional jobs.” A college degree may not take you as far as

45、 youd expect, although there may still be a few fields where a bachelors degree still remains a worthy investment.问题1选项A.definitelyB.no longerC.rarelyD.impossible问题2选项A.securityB.promotionC.benefitsD.wages问题3选项A.FurthermoreB.DespiteC.InsteadD.And问题4选项A.temporaryB.variousC.similarD.technical问题5选项A.re

46、sponded toB.responding forC.responding toD.respond through问题6选项A.gotB.gave upC.lostD.secured问题7选项A.related toB.similar toC.compared withD.in contrast with问题8选项A.earnsB.contributesC.offersD.pays问题9选项A.qualityB.requirementC.promiseD.possibility问题10选项A.justB.thoughC.yetD.even【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题

47、:C第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D【解析】11. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项definitely“清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地”；B选项no longer“不再”；C选项rarely“很少地；难得；罕有地”；D选项impossible“不可能的；不可能存在的”。句意：四年制本科学位在多少代人的眼中都被看作是通往美好生活的门票，而现在，它已不再能保证薪水的稳定增长了。根据句意，此处有转折的含义，因此B选项正确。12. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项security“安全，安全性；保证；证券；抵押品”；B选项promotion“

48、提升，晋升；促销；促进”；C选项benefit“利益，好处”；D选项wage“工资；报酬”。句意：她几乎不间断地享受加薪。由空格后的关键词“earning $89,000 a year年薪89000美元”可知“工资”符合句意，因此D选项正确。13. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项furthermore“此外；而且”；B选项despite“即使，尽管”；C选项instead“反而；相反”；D选项and“和；然后”。句意：但恰恰相反，接下来的六年中她在求职道路上处处碰壁。由上文“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or months a

49、t most我觉得自己最多只要几周或几个月时间就能找到工作”，可推知此处表转折，instead“反而；相反”符合句意，因此C选项正确。14. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项temporary“ 暂时的，临时的”；B选项various“各种各样的；多方面的”；C选项similar“相似的”；D选项technical“工艺的，科技的”。句意：从事数据处理方面的临时工作和低端职位。“暂时的”符合句意，因此A选项正确。15. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语法和词义辨析。A选项respond to“响应；回答；对反应”；B选项respond for“作出反应/响应”；C选项

50、与A选项相同；D选项respond through“通过反应/响应”。句意：也曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告，但都无功而返。这里要表达的意思是“responding to hundreds of job postings曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告”，且“responding to”和前文的“starting” “working”为并列结构，因此C选项正确。16. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项get“获得；受到；变成”；B选项give up“放弃；交出”；C选项lose“浪费；使沉溺于；使迷路；遗失；错过”；D选项secure“保护”。句意：最低潮的时候是在2004

51、年左右，斯普林特现在的Sprint Nextel Corp.的一个招聘人员打来电话，职位与她两年前失去的工作类似，但薪水只有她原先的三分之一。根据上文可知，杜因两年前曾经失去过一份工作，因此C选项正确。17. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词组辨析。A选项relate to“与有关”；B选项similar to“与相似；和相同”；C选项compare with“与相比较”；D选项in contrast with“与形成对比；与相比”。句意：杜因终于在阿肯色州本顿维尔的沃尔玛连锁公司（Wal-Mart Stores Inc.）总部的信息技术部门找到了一份与老本行差不多的工作。句子要表

52、达的是“一份与之前工作相似的工作”，“similar to与相似”符合句意，因此B选项正确。18. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项earn“赚；获得；挣得”；B选项contribute“贡献；有助于”；C选项offer“提供；出价”；D选项pay“支付；给予”。句意：她现在的薪水经通胀因素调整后比2002年的薪水低了20%左右。根据上下文可知“earn赚；获得；挣得”符合句意，因此A选项正确。19. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项quality“质量，品质；特性；才能”；B选项requirement“要求；必要条件；必需品”；C选项promise“许

53、诺，允诺；希望”；D选项possibility“可能性”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。“requirement要求”符合句意，因此B选项正确。20. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项just“ 只是，仅仅”；B选项though“虽然，尽管”；C选项yet“还；但是；已经”；D选项even“甚至，即使”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。根据句意可知even“甚至”正确，因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Directions: Read the foll

54、owing text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank from the four choices marked A, B, C or D and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Public officials and candidates for public offices routinely use public opinion polls to keep（31）of what the people are thinking. An imp

55、ortant question is the degree to which these polls should guide leaders（32）their actions. There are arguments for and against the use of polls as the basis for policy（33）.Polls can contribute to effective government by keeping political leaders from getting too far（34）line with the publics thinking.

56、 In a democratic society, the effectives of a public policy depends on the extent of its public（35）. When a policy is contrary to the publics desires, people may choose to（36）or undermined it, thus making it counterproductive or inefficient. Furthermore, when government（37）a course of action with wh

57、ich a large proportion of the public disagrees, it（38）a loss of public confidence, which can have a negative effect on its ability to lead. The Reagan administration, flying high from 1981 to 1985, was brought low in 1986 by public reaction to news of its secret sales of weapons to Iran. The adminis

58、tration had not paid（39）attention to polls that had revealed the deep antagonism Americans still felt toward Iran because the Ayatollah Khomeinis regime had held three American hostages.However, leaders can also do a disservice to the public they represent by using poll results as a（40）for policy ju

59、dgment. Effective government, as Walter Lippmann wrote, cannot be conducted by legislators and officials who, when a question is presented, ask themselves first and last not what is the truth and which is the right and necessary course.问题1选项A.traceB.tradeC.trackD.trap问题2选项A.withB.toC.forD.in问题3选项A.d

60、eterminationB.conclusionC.decisionD.choice问题4选项A.fromB.byC.atD.about问题5选项A.admissionB.supportC.disagreementD.reaction问题6选项A.disputeB.disregardC.disrespectD.disrupt问题7选项A.continuesB.carries onC.embarksD.pursues问题8选项A.risksB.costsC.makesD.endangers问题9选项A.efficiencyB.effectiveC.sufficientD.scarce问题10选项

61、A.replacementB.substituteC.changeD.diversity【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:D第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B【解析】31、【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词与词组辨析。A选项keep trace of“保留痕迹，跟踪”；B选项trade“贸易”；C选项keep track of“记录；与保持联系，明了”；D选项trap“陷阱，圈套”。由空格后“what the people are thinking”（人民的想法）可知与其对应的是了解，明了的意思。A、B、D在此处语义不符。因此C选项正确。32、【试题答案

62、】D【试题解析】考查介词辨析。由空格前后语义可知这里指这些民调应该在多大程度上指导领导人的行动，在方面，使用介词in。A选项with“随着，由着”；B选项to“对于”；D选项for“给，对；为了”，在此处语义不符。因此D选项正确。33、【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项determination“决心；果断”；B选项conclusion“结论”；C选项decision“决定”；D选项choice“选择”。由空格前“polls as the basis for policy”（民意作为政治的基础）可知与其对应的是决定，即将民调作为政治决定的基础。A选项一般指人决心做某事；B、D在此处

63、语义不符。因此C选项正确。34、【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查介词辨析与前后逻辑关系。Far from意为“远离”，由空格前后语义可知这里指这些民调能帮助政治领导人避免与公众的想法偏离太远，从而提高政府的效率。因此A选项正确。35、【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查名词辨析与语义关系。A选项admission“承认”；B选项support“支持；帮助”；C选项disagreement“不一致；争论”；D选项reaction“反应，感应”。由空格前the effectives of a public policy depends on the extent of its public”（公共政策的有效性取决于其公众的程度）可