2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前模拟强化练习题40（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Many of these companies moved to the Inland South to take ( ) of the lower wages and the lack of strong labor unions in the region.问题1选项A.profitB.advantageC.favorD.adventure【答案】B【解析】take advantage of为固定搭配，意为利用。句意：许多这样的公司搬到南方内陆地区，以利用当地工资较低和缺乏强有力的工会的优势。选项B符合句意。2. 单选

2、题Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they（1 ）. Yet, all living things still show the（2） of aging, which will eventually（3） death. Aging is not a disease, (but) as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the （4

3、） they form do not function as well as they （5） in childhood and teenage years.The body provides less （6） against disease and is more（7） to have accident. A number of related causes may （8） aging. Some cells of the body have a (fairly) long life, but they are not （9）when they die. As a person ages,

4、（10） of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. （11） body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the （12） cells may not be as workable or as capable（13） growth as those of a young person. Another （14）in aging may be changes within the cells（15）. Some of the protein chemicals in

5、cells are known （16） with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and （17）. This is also the reason why old people （18）in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and （19） informa

6、tion that the cells need. Aging may affect this （20） and change the information carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.问题1选项A.wouldB.be used toC.used toD.used问题2选项A.functionB.effectC.affectD.sign问题3选项A.lead inB.give inC.run intoD.result in问题4选项A.handsB.feetC.heartD.o

7、rgans问题5选项A.doB.has doneC.didD.had done问题6选项A.energyB.protectionC.vigorD.power问题7选项A.likelyB.probableC.possibleD.alike问题8选项A.attend toB.contribute toC.add toD.devote to问题9选项A.replacedB.rebornC.recoveredD.surrendered问题10选项A.a numberB.the amountC.the numberD.most问题11选项A.The othersB.OthersC.AnotherD.Ot

8、her问题12选项A.oldB.leftC.newD.other问题13选项A.toB.forC.ofD.in问题14选项A.factorB.effectC.reasonD.element问题15选项A.for themselvesB.of themselvesC.themselvesD.on their own问题16选项A.changeB.to have changedC.to changeD.to being changed问题17选项A.hang looseB.hangs looselyC.is hanging looselyD.is hanging loose问题18选项A.incr

9、easeB.shrinkC.lengthenD.decrease问题19选项A.pass awayB.pass byC.pass offD.pass on问题20选项A.improvementB.processionC.approachD.process【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:C第13题:C第14题:A第15题:C第16题:C第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:D【解析】（1）根据句意：现在人们比以前活得更久。选C表示过去，以前，符合句意。be used to习惯于，不符合句意

10、；选项D中的不定式to不可省略。（2）名词词义辨析。function功能；effect影响，效果，作用；affect影响，为动词，填在此处不合适；sign迹象，描述静态的事物。根据上下文：所有的生物仍然表现出老化的影响。选项B符合原文语境。（3）动词词组辨析。lead in 引入，导入；give in屈服，让步；run into陷入；result in导致，结果是，根据句意：最终导致死亡，选项D符合原文。（4）上下文语义。根据上文提到的cell可知填空处入应为organ （器官），选项D符合原文。其他选项都是具体的器官。（5）语法知识。根据原文可知，为了避免重复，这里用助动词代替functio

11、n，根据“in childhood and teenage years.”可知时态应该为一般过去式，所以选项C正确。（6）上下文语义。根据原文，身体为抵抗疾病提供的保护也更少，选项B符合句意。（7）固定搭配。be likely to意为：倾向于，很有可能。alike相似的，不符合句意。（8）动词词组辨析。attend to注意，照料，致力于；contribute to有助于，促成，导致；add to添加，增加；devote to贡献。根据句意：许多相关的原因可能会导致衰老。选项B符合句意。（9）上下文语义。根据下文“body cells die and are replaced by new

12、cells”可知，此处也应该填入replaced。句意：人体中有一些细胞寿命相当长，但它们死后不会被替换。（10）语法知识。the amount of+不可数名词，the number of+可数名词，cells为可数名词，所以选项B错误；a number of指许多，the number of表示数目，所以选项C符合原文。（11）代词用法。others和the others后不能接名词，首先排除；another后接单数名词，所以本题选D，表泛指。（12）上下文语义。根据上下文内容可知，这里指上句提到的新细胞，选项C符合原文。（13）固定搭配。be capable of为固定搭配，意为能够。（

13、14）名词词义辨析。上文提及老年人体内的新细胞可能不像年轻人的细胞那样有效的生长。这是导致人衰老的一个因素；由此推断，这里指衰老的另一个因素可能是细胞本身的变化。选项A符合原文。（15）代词用法。根据句意可知这里指细胞本身，the cells的反身代词为themselves，所以选项C正确。（16）语法知识。be known to表示“为所知”，首先排除选项A；根据句意可知该句陈述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，所以选项C正确。（17）语法知识。hang在这里是用作系动词，后面须接一个形容词作表语。描述客观事实依然用一般现在时，所以本题选A。（18）动词词义辨析。根据句意：这就是为什么老人的身

14、高会收缩的原因，选项B符合句意。（19）动词词组辨析。pass away去世；pass by经过；pass off停止；pass on传递。根据原文文义可知，这里指传递信息。选项D符合语境。（20）名词词义辨析。原文句意：衰老可能会影响这一过程，改变携带信息的分子。选项D符合语境。3. 单选题I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents.

15、 You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one anothers hands fo

16、r courage.They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up just by listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in this way is that the crowd is doing it.It has become harder an

17、d harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisement what a teenager should have and be. And many of todays parents have come to award high marks for t

18、he popularity of their children. All this adds up to a greater barrier for theteenager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when

19、everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you dont care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for whom you are. Thats the only kind of popularity that really counts.1.The main

20、 purpose of this passage is to tell（）.2.According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to be themselves, but, in fact, most of them（ ）.3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?4.The author thinks of advertisements as（）.5.During the teenage years, one should

21、 learn to（ ）.问题1选项A.readers how to be popular with people aroundB.teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselvesC.parents how to control and guide their childrenD.people how to understand and respect each other问题2选项A.have much difficulty understanding each otherB.lack confidenceC.dare not co

22、pe with problems single-handedD.are very much afraid of getting lost问题3选项A.There is no popularity that really counts.B.What many parents are doing is in fact hindering their children from finding their own paths.C.It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates.D.Most

23、 teenagers are not actually rebelling.问题4选项A.originalB.influentialC.detrimentalD.authoritative问题5选项A.differ from others in as many ways as possibleB.get into the right season and become popularC.find ones real selfD.rebel against parents and the popularity wave【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨归纳

24、题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是鼓励青少年独立自主，选项B最能概括全文。2.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句“Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one anothers hands for courage.”他们中的大多数人并没有勇气自己走出去，而是紧紧抓住彼此的手寻求勇气。选项C符合原文。3.细节判断题。根据本文的最后两句“Popularity will come with the people who respect you for whom you are. Thats th

25、e only kind of popularity that really counts.”可知选项A错误。4.细节推理题。根据关键词“advertisements”定位到第三段第三句“These days every teenager can learn from the advertisement what a teenager should have and be.”现在每个青少年都可以从广告中学到一个青少年应该拥有什么和成为什么。所以作者认为广告对青少年的影响是相当大的。选项B正确。detrimental不利的，有害的。5.细节推断题。根据最后一段“Well, go to it. Fi

26、nd yourself. Be yourself. ”可知作者是鼓励青少年找寻真正的自己。选项C符合原文。4. 单选题The（ ）of jet travel has made the world seem smaller.问题1选项A.remarkB.relationshipC.removalD.innovation【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。remark评论；relationship关系；removal去掉；innovation发明。句意：喷气式飞机旅行的发明似乎使世界变小了。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题Any country has good reason to want its cit

27、izens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health.This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain this has developed into a

28、 “Welfare State” in which all citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free. The money for this is partially raised by contributions from employers andemployees.As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against th

29、e Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the HealthService-doctors, nurses and other hospital staff have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for pr

30、eventive medicine. The Health Service does need more staff a need that can only be met if more money is made available to it.However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free t

31、reatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to. Because they have so many patients,doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy

32、people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.1.In the authors view, Britain is a Welfare State in that（ ）.2.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.3.The best title for the passage would be（ ）.4.The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private

33、treatment because （ ）.5.The word “abused” (Para. 4) means（ ）.问题1选项A.all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some senseB.poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatmentC.health service is highly developed in BritainD.Britain doesnt allow its people to suffer unnecessarily f

34、rom ill health问题2选项A.the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by BritainB.the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in BritainC.an active population is the greatest resource in BritainD.all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service问题3选项A.A

35、Welfare StateB.Importance of the Health ServiceC.Disadvantages of the Health ServiceD.The Health Service问题4选项A.their doctors can give them more time leave from workB.those doctors have better medical instrumentsC.they might save some money for the poorD.their doctors have a stronger sense of respons

36、ibility for the patients问题5选项A.destroyedB.used in wrong wayC.ignoredD.wasted【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“Welfare State”定位到第二段第二句“In Britain this has developed into a Welfare State in which all citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free.”所有公民，无论贫富，都可以免费获得大部分医疗服

37、务。选项A符合原文。2.细节推断题。选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. ”three decades意为30年；公众支持和反对卫生服务都有，并不都是好的评价；所以选项B符合原文，而选项D错误。3.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲医疗服务的发展，其有利条件和不利条件，所以选项D更能概括全文，其他选项只

38、是文中的片段。4.细节推理题。根据关键词“wealthy people”定位到最后一段的最后一句“In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.”事实上，一些富人觉得他们应该付钱，这样就可以把多余的钱让给其他人治疗。选项C符合原文。5.词汇推断题。根据第四段的第二句“Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont

39、really need to.”有时这种免费治疗被滥用，有些人在不需要的时候也去看医生。由此可知他们是用了错误的方法，选项B符合原文。6. 单选题The United States has historically had higher rates of marriage than those of other industrialized countries. The current annual marriage （1 ） in the United States about 9 new marriages for every 1, 000 people is （2 ） higher th

40、an it is in other industrialized countries. However, marriage is （3 ） as widespread as it was several decades ago. （4 ） of American adults who are married（5 ） from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent in 2002. This does not mean that large numbers of people will remain unmarried（6 ） their lives. Through

41、out the 20th century, about 90 percent of Americans married at some（7 ） in their lives. Experts （8） that about the same proportion of todays young adults will eventually marry.The timing of marriage has varied （9 ） over the past century. In 1995 the average age of women in the United States at the t

42、ime of their first marriage was 25. The average age of men was about 27. Men and women in the United States marry for the first time an average of five years later than people did in the 1950s. （10） , young adults of the 1950s married younger than did any previous （11） inU. S. history. Todays later

43、age of marriage is（12） the age of marriage between 1890 and 1940. Moreover, a greater proportion of the population was married (95 percent) during the 1950s than at any time before （13）. Experts do not agree on why the marriage rush of the late 1940s and 1950s occurred, but most social scientists be

44、lieve it represented a （14） to the return of peace and prosperity after 15 years of severe economic （15） and war.问题1选项A.rateB.ratioC.percentageD.poll问题2选项A.potentiallyB.intentionallyC.randomlyD.substantially问题3选项A.not any longerB.no moreC.no longerD.not any more问题4选项A.A proportionB.The proportionC.T

45、he numberD.A number问题5选项A.declinedB.deterioratedC.deducedD.demolished问题6选项A.pastB.passingC.throughoutD.through问题7选项A.periodB.levelC.pointD.respect问题8选项A.projectB.planC.promiseD.propose问题9选项A.unexpectedlyB.irregularlyC.flexiblyD.consistently问题10选项A.BesidesB.HoweverC.WhereasD.Nevertheless问题11选项A.desce

46、ndantsB.ascendantsC.populationD.generation问题12选项A.according toB.in line withC.based onD.caused by问题13选项A.and afterB.or afterC.or sinceD.ever since问题14选项A.refusalB.realizationC.responseD.reality问题15选项A.repressionB.aggressionC.restrictionD.depression【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:A第9题:D第10

47、题:B第11题:D第12题:B第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。根据破折号后面的内容可以推测，这里应为结婚率，选项A正确。ratio 比例；percentage百分数；poll 选举之投票，均不符合原文。（2）副词词义辨析。potentially 潜在地；intentionally故意地；randomly 随便地；substantially实质上，大体上。根据句意：美国目前的年结婚率大体上远高于其他工业化国家。选项D符合句意。（3）副词短语辨析。选项A和B一般放于修饰词后；选项C一般放于修饰词之前；选项D意为再也不。根据句意：然而，婚姻不再像几十年前那样普遍。选项

48、C符合原文。（4）考查冠词用法。根据下文百分比可排除选项C和D，而百分比是已知的，所以用定冠词the，选项B正确。（5）动词词义辨析和上下文语义。declined下降，衰退；deteriorated恶化的，变质的；deduced推理；demolished拆毁，破坏。根据下文“from 72 percent in 1970 to 60 percent.说明是呈下降趋势的，所以选项A符合原文。（6）介词词义辨析。throughout their lives为固定搭配，意为整个一生。（7）名词词义辨析。根据原文，这里指生活中的某一阶段，用period符合原文。（8）上下文语义。根据原文：专家预测，现

49、在的年轻人中最终结婚的比例也大致相同。project除了计划、工程的意思外，还有预测的意思。所以本题选A。（9）副词词义辨析和上下文语义。unexpectedly出乎意料地；irregularly 不规则地；flexibly柔软地；consistently持续地，不断地。句意：在过去的一个世纪里，结婚的时间一直在变化。选项D符合原文。（10）逻辑关系。根据前后句义可知，此处表转折。However和 Whereas都有然而的意思，但Whereas后面通常接整个句子，和句子间不用逗号隔开。Besides和Nevertheless 不符合原文。所以本题选B。（11）名词搭配。descendants

50、子孙，后裔；ascendants优势，运道；population人口；previous generation意为上一代人，所以选项D符合原文。（12）介词词组辨析。according to按照；in line with与一致；based on基于；caused by由造成。句意：现在的晚婚年龄与1890年至1940年的结婚年龄是一致的。选项B符合原文。（13）固定搭配。at any time before or after为固定搭配，意为：在前后的任何时间。（14）词义辨析。refusal to拒绝，推却；realization为名词，意为实现；response to对做出回应；reality

51、为名词，意为现实。句意：大多数社会科学家认为，这是对和平回归的一种回应。选项C符合原文。（15）固定搭配。economic depression 为固定搭配，意为：经济萧条，符合上下文。所以本题选D。7. 单选题It is disturbing to note how many crimes we do know about were detected（ ） , not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.问题1选项A.by accidentB.on scheduleC.in generalD.at intervals【

52、答案】A【解析】by accident偶然，意外的；on schedule按时；in general总之，通常；at intervals不时。句意：令人不安的是，我们知道的很多罪行是偶然发现的，而不是通过系统的检查或其他安全程序发现的。选项A符合句意。8. 翻译题五年前，如果一个中国大学生打算入伍当兵的话，那可是需要很多勇气的。可今天，越来越多的大学生选择入伍当兵，这可要归功于部队对高级人才的要求，以及鼓励大学生入伍当兵的新政策。24岁的小周是金融专业的毕业生，也是一个将目光转向部队以求发展的年轻人。这个月初，他刚刚通过了征召入伍的体检。“我希望通过部队的严格训练强身健体，锻炼心志。我不担心入

53、伍后我的事业发展，相反，我倒认为入伍参军本身就对事业发展很有好处。”随着现代战争和军事计划越来越需要复杂的技术和操纵能力，现代化部队急需受过良好教育的人才来完全掌握复杂的装备。据北京征兵办公室消息，和2001年北京首次征召大学生入伍相比，大学生入伍比率从0.1 %提升到60%。学士以上的学位有助申请入伍的成功率，如果你具有某些特别领域的知识，就更有优势。譬如，各国之间军事交流中需要语言能力，语言专业的人就很有优势，电子通讯或电子学是未来军事竞争的关键领域，对这类人才的需求也很高。为了吸引更多的高素质人才入伍，有关大学毕业生征召的宣传和奖励计划一直在进行。事实上，这种入伍的经历很有意义，可以开阔

54、视野，也可以让你有更多时间思考自己未来的事业，以及是否愿意投身部队。【答案】If a Chinese college student intended to enlist as a soldier in the army, it took a lot of courage five years ago. But today, more and more college students choose to become an army soldier due to the needs of the armies for senior talents, as well as the new po

55、licies encouraging students to join the army.24 -year-old Zhou, as finance major, is also turning his attention to the force in order to seek his own development. Earlier this month, he just passed the physical examination of the call to army. “I hope a stocky body and a strong mind can be gained by

56、 the thorough training of the force. Im not bothered about my career development after joining the army; on the contrary, I think it benefits to my career development. ”Modern armies badly need the well-educated people to complete the complicated equipment, as the modern warfare and the military pla

57、ns increasingly need complex technique and operational capability. It is the conscription office stated that comparing with firstly enlisting recruits from college students in 2001, the enrollees from university graduates increase from 0.1% to 60% in Beijing. Bachelor or above will be useful for the

58、 successful application of the recruitment. You will have more advantages if you maintain the knowledge in some specific field. For example, the person of language major has a big advantage due to the need of the language competence for the military exchanges. The qualified person from electronic co

59、mmunications or electronics which represent a key field of the future military competition has a high demand.In order to attract more high-quality talents to join the army, publicity and rewards program have been engaging in the college graduates being called up. In fact, this is meaningful, which b

60、roadens your horizons, leaves more time for mapping out your whole future career as well as whether or not to be willing to engage in the forces.9. 单选题Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of fo

61、od science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as great as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there.”Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the Universit