2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前模拟强化练习题42（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题大米的营养价值同土豆的差不多，但在常温下保存的更久。上大学并不一定是每个人的恰当的选择，更不是唯一的选择。仅碳氢两种元素就能构成成千上万种化合物，其原因是碳氢的分子可以以不同的方式进行连接。所有这些都促使学生独立认真地学习，促使他们学会如何发现利用大学的资源。经济水平比较低的情况下，它反而会给现代政府在提供食物，就业机会等方面增加巨大的负担。【答案】The nutritional value of rice almost equals that of the potato. However, it can be sto

2、red at room temperature for longer.Going to college is not the right choice for everyone, nor the only option at all.Only two elements of hydrocarbon can form thousands compounds. The reason is that their molecules can be connected in different ways.All of these are to urge students to study indepen

3、dently and industriously learn how to use the university resources.Under the circumstance of low economic level, it would increase the pressure of food provision and employment opportunities.2. 单选题He failed to supply the facts relevant （ ）the case in question.问题1选项A.forB.withC.toD.of【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。

4、relevant to “与相关的”，选项C符合题意。句意：他无法提供与设计案件有关的事实。3. 单选题Some people （ ）avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.问题1选项A.violentlyB.enthusiasticallyC.sincerelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。violently “猛烈地”；enthusiastically “热心地”；sincerely “诚挚地”；deliberately “故意地”。句意：有些人有意回避对错的问题，或对

5、此保持中立。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题The police are suspicious（ ） his words because he already has a record.问题1选项A.toB.atC.onD.of【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be suspicious of “对感到怀疑”。选项D符合题意。句意：警察对他的话感到怀疑因为他已经做好了记录。5. 单选题Out of （ ）revenge, he did his worst to blacken her character and ruin her reputation.问题1选项A.perfectB.totalC.s

6、heerD.integral【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect “完美的”；total “全部的”；sheer “绝对的；纯粹的”；integral “完整的”。句意：纯粹是出于报复，他拼命诋毁她的人品，毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The company （ ）a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.问题1选项A.is promisedB.has been promisedC.is promisingD.promised【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时的用法。for ages 时间状语，常与

7、现在完成时连用，表示现在以前的这一段时间里一直在做的事情。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题The girl was （ ）a shop assistant; she is now a manager in a large department.问题1选项A.preliminarilyB.presumablyC.formallyD.formerly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。Preliminarily “初步地”；presumably “大概，推测起来”；formally “正式地”；formerly “以前，原来”。句意：这个女孩之前是商店的助理，现在是一个大部门的经理。选项D符合题意。8

8、. 单选题The Prime Minister refused to （ ）on the rumor that he had planned to resign.问题1选项A.explainB.commentC.remarkD.talk【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。explain “说明，解释”；comment “评论”；remark “评论”； talk “谈话”。句意：首相拒绝就关于他计划辞职的传言发表看法。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题But if language habits do not represent classes, a social stratification in

9、to something as bygone as “aristocracy” and “commons”, they do still of course serve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see in relation to political and national movements, language is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way

10、we look at it. The new boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the right words for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for not being aware that racksy means “dilapidated”，or hairy “out first ball”. The miner takes a certain pride in being “one u

11、p” on the visitor or novice who calls the cage a “lift” or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their “underpants” when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hoggers. The “insider” is seldom displeased that his language distinguishes him from the “outsider”.Quite apart from

12、specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and professions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which most of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that certain kinds of English invite irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other kin

13、ds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of languages, it may well be suggested that English speakers fall into three categories, the assured, the anxious and the indifferent. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have “position” and “sta

14、tus”, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use of English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an unimpeachable form of English: no fear of being criticized or corrected is likely to cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characterist

15、ically unselfconscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speaking with a similar degree of careless ease, because even if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact. The

16、Mrs. Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, and if we happened not to like their ways of saying things, well, we “can lump it”. That is their attitude. Curiously enough, writers are inclined to represent the speech of both these extreme parties with-in for ing. In the o

17、ne hand, “were goin huntin，my dear sir”； on the other, “were goin racin,mate”In between, according to this view, we have a far less fortunate group, the anxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live

18、their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their pronunciation, and their choice of words: sensitive, and fearful of betraying themselves. Keeping up with the Joneses is measured not only in houses, furniture, refrigerators, cars, and clothes, but also in speech.And the misfortune

19、 of the “anxious” does not end with their inner anxiety. Their lot is also the open or veiled contempt of the “assured” on the side of them and of the “indifferent” on the other.It is all too easy to raise an unworthy laugh at the anxious. The people thus uncomfortably stilted on linguistic high hee

20、ls so often form part of what is, in many ways, the most admirable section of any society: the ambitious, tense, inner-driven people, who are bent on “going places and doing things”. The greater the pity, then, if a disproportionate amount of their energy goes into what Mr. Sharpless called “this sh

21、abby obsession” with variant forms of Englishespecially if the net result is (as so often) merely to sound affected and ridiculous.” Here, according to Bacon, “is the first distemper of learning, when men study words and not matter.It seems to me that Pygmalions frenzy is a good emblem . of this van

22、ity: for words are but the images of matter; and except they have life of reason and invention, to fall in love with them is to fall in love with a picture.”1.The attitude held by the assured towards language is .（ ） .2.The anxious are considered a less fortunate group because（ ） .3.The author think

23、s that the efforts made by the anxious to cultivate what they believe is good English are（ ） .问题1选项A.criticalB.anxiousC.self-consciousD.nonchalant问题2选项A.they feel they are socially looked down uponB.they suffer from internal anxiety and external attack.C.they are inherently nervous and anxious peopl

24、e.D.they are unable to meet standards of correctness问题3选项A.worthwhileB.meaninglessC.praiseworthyD.irrational【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D【解析】1.文章第三段对the assured进行了描述，这类人对自己的英语很自信，不需要为自己说英语而担心（do not feel they need worry much about their use of English）。所以他们对语言应该是非常淡定的，选项D符合题意。2.文章倒数第二段提到他们由焦虑带来的不幸不仅仅只是忍受内在的焦虑

25、，而且还要遭受来自自信派和冷漠派的谴责。由此可知，他们遭受了内外煎熬。选项B符合题意。3.文章最后一段对焦虑派的描述是：他们把过多的精力放到对变形了的英语，由disproportionate amount of their energy, variant forms of English, 和 this shabby obsession 等可以看出作者认为焦虑派所做的努力是不明智的，选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing

26、iron and steel protected by custom tariff. In 1873, on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J. Edgar Thomson steel Mills pear Pittsburgh, and from that moment on, the Carnegie Empire was one of constant

27、 expansion. Later on, the Carnegie Steel Co. became an immense organization. It included all the process of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finish products.Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did

28、 not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class. In spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood. He believed in the social respons

29、ibility of the man of wealth to society. He must save as a steward for the fortune; he has earned and used that fortune to provide great opportunity for all and to increase mans knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie be in the form of free charity but rather must be as a but

30、tress to the communitys responsibility for its own people. When Carnegie died in Lenox, Mass, on August 11, 1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Carnegie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of his wealth to the poor people.1.Carnegie was able to d

31、evelop his vast industrial fortunes（ ） .2.Carnegie following his ancestors footsteps （ ）.3.The industry Carnegie was not concerned with was（ ） .4.Carnegies trips to England（ ） .5.Which happened first?6.Andrew Carnegies Philanthropic ideals （ ）.问题1选项A.with the act of five enterprise systemB.through l

32、arge loans from the American governmentC.because the American government had special tariffs to protect the American steel and iron industryD.because he had relatives in the English and industry问题2选项A.by developing a large industrial companyB.in caring for and improving benefits for the worker and t

33、he poorC.by furthering Spencers philosophyD.by being a follower of social Darwinism问题3选项A.the manufacturing of steelB.the transporting of the finished productC.the movement of raw materialsD.the lumber business问题4选项A.were purely for pleasure and visiting relativesB.introduced him to the Charitist id

34、eals which would influence his lifeC.helped him gain steel contracts with British industrialistsD.led him to believe that the industrial future would be with steel问题5选项A.The foundation of the Carnegie Steel Co.B.The introduction of Chartist idealsC.The foundation of the J. Edgar Thomson Steel millsD

35、.Andrew Carnegies trips to Great Britain问题6选项A.developed from his introduction to social DarwinismB.developed through his education under SpencerC.developed form the Charitist ideals of his boyhoodD.resulted from union strikes and unrest at the Carnegie Steel Company【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:

36、B【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff.提到安德鲁的第一桶金是因为钢铁产业受到政府的关税保护，所以选项C符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the bene

37、fit of the working class提到安德鲁没有摈弃祖先留下激进的理想主义信念，梦想让工人阶级能从中获利。因此选项B符合题意。3.第一段最后一句It included all the process of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the inroads and lake steamers that move the ores and the finish products 提到了卡内基帝国所涉及的一些业务，可知并没有涉及木材生意。所以选项D符合题意。

38、4.文章第一段on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel 提到这次旅行让他相信未来的工业重心是钢铁业，因此选项D符合题意。5.文章第二段Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood 提到致力于成为慈善家的想法是卡内基从小男孩时代就有的，所以这个是发生地最早的事，选项B符合题意。

39、6.文章第二段in spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period, Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the Chartists ideals of his boyhood提到由于从小受斯宾塞哲学和达尔文主义的影响，卡内基从小就有着仁慈的心肠。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题A new kind of radar has been developed for space-age travelers. A

40、working laboratorymodel of a new system of radar that makes use of a beam of light is said to be ten thousand times more accurate than the best comparable system of radar that uses microwaves.The model has shown that radar system can measure with absolute precision speeds varying from spaceship orbi

41、tal injection velocities of live miles per second down to virtual stops-speeds of less than one ten-thousandth of an inch per second. According to the scientists who are developing this system, such fine measures of velocity are of prime importance in space missions. In a rendezvous （宇宙飞回合点）between

42、two spaceships, or in a landing approach by a vehicle onto an orbiting space station, a bump could rip （划破）open a ships skin, or a nudge could knock the station out of its orbit.The light-beam radar, which operates at a frequency of trillions （万亿）of cycles per second, could easily detect and measure

43、 the movement of a vehicle edging up to a satellite space station even at a small fraction of an inch per second. A control systems using so precise a signal as this allow a huge vehicle to dock at a space station as lightly as a feather.1.This radar system is significant because it（ ） .2.Light-beam

44、 radar has proved capable of measuring speeds that （ ）.3.Precision in measuring slow speeds will help space pilots to（ ） .4.This radar will be especially valuable in space because（ ） .5.An appropriate title for this selection would be（ ） .问题1选项A.is the first radar system to work in spaceB.is more pr

45、ecise than microwave radarC.is easier to operate than microwave radarD.will work on the earths surface as well as in space问题2选项A.are virtually negligibleB.cannot be detected visuallyC.are of extremely high velocityD.all of the above问题3选项A.attain orbitalB.make rendezvous in spaceC.land at space stati

46、onsD.both B and C问题4选项A.accurate measurements are essential in spaceB.the speeds of space vehicles will vary greatlyC.inaccuracies in measurement could cause accidents in spaceD.all of above问题5选项A.Radar for the Space ageB.Rendezvous in spaceC.The Function of RadarD.Problems in Space Navigation【答案】第1

47、题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段ten thousand times more accurate than the best comparable system of radar that uses microwaves提到了这个系统比之前的要更加准确，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句The model has shown that radar system can measure with absolute precision speeds varying from spaceship orbital injection velocities of

48、 live miles per second down to virtual stops-speeds of less than one ten-thousandth of an inch per second 提到这种雷达能够测量从太空飞船每秒5英里的发射速度到实际静止的每秒小于万分之一英寸的速度，可知这种雷达在肉眼看不到，无法看到，且速度极快，前面三个选项都包含了，所以选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段后半段in a rendezvous （宇宙飞回合点）between two spaceships, or in a landing approach by a vehicle onto an

49、orbiting space station, a bump could rip （划破）open a ships skin, or a nudge could knock the station out of its orbit 提到新的雷达系统的准确性对于两艘宇宙飞船之间的宇宙飞回合点还有空间站是非常重要的，选项D符合题意。4.文章第二段提到激光雷达精确的速度测量对太空飞行至关重要。即使一个轻微的触碰都可能划破飞船外壳，或者是空间站脱离既定的轨道。由此可知选项D符合题意，前面三个选项都包含在内。5.文章主要讲述的是一种新的雷达技术被开发出来运用至太空飞行中。选项A “太空时代的雷达”符合题

50、意。12. 单选题The young heiress was so （ ） that she gave all her money away in a couple of years.问题1选项A.generousB.indulgentC.patrioticD.ambitious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous “慷慨的，大方的”；indulgent “放纵的，宽容的”；patriotic “爱国的”；ambitious “野心勃勃的”。句意：年轻的女继承人如此慷慨，以至于几年内就把所有的钱送给了别人。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题The missile missed t

51、he （ ） by 1,500 meters at its first experimental flight.问题1选项A.destinationB.purposeC.targetD.terminal【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Destination “目的地”；target “目标”；purpose “目的”；terminal “末端，重点”。句意：在第一次试射中，导弹偏离目标1500米。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题A window in the kitchen was（ ） ; there was rubbish everywhere and the curtains andc

52、arpets had been stolen.问题1选项A.scrapedB.smashedC.scratchedD.scattered【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Scrape “刮，擦”；smash “猛击”；scratch “抓”；scatter “散落”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题The direction were so（ ） that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.amb

53、iguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ingenious “有独创性的”；ambitious “有野心的”；notorious “臭名昭著的”；ambiguous “模糊不清的”。句意：指示太模糊了，不可能完成这项任务。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular （ ）for 30 million participants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy

54、 “幻想”；pastime “消遣，娱乐”；symposium “座谈会；penalty “惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题They announced to the （ ） guests that they were engaged to be married.问题1选项A.adoptedB.acquiredC.accumulatedD.assembled【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。adopt “采取，采纳”；acquire “获得”；accumulate “积攒”；assembl

55、e “集合，聚集”。句意：他们向聚集在一起的客人宣布他们订婚的消息。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题Many tourists were（ ） by the citys complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.degradedB.bewilderedC.evokedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。degrade “降级，降低，退化”；bewilder “使迷惑”；evoke “引起，唤起”；divert “转移”。句意：很多游客都被这个城市复杂的交通系统弄得晕头转向。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题The（ ） on this apartment

56、 expires in a years time.问题1选项A.treatyB.engagementC.leaseD.subsidy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。treaty “条约”；engagement “约会；婚约”；lease “租约”；subsidy “津贴”。句意：这个公寓的租期一年后到期。选项C符合题意。20. 单选题Ours is a society that tries to keep the world sharply divided into masculine and feminine, not because that is the way the world

57、is, but because that is the way we believe it should be. It takes unwavering belief and considerable effort to keep this division. It also leads us to make some fairly foolish judgments, particularly about language.Because we think that language also should be divided into masculine and feminine we

58、have become very skilled at ignoring anything that will not fit our preconceptions. We would rather change what we hear than change our ideas about the gender division of the world. We will call assertive girls unfeminine, and supportive boys effeminate, and try to change them while still retaining

59、our stereotypes of masculine and feminine talk.This is why some research on sex differences and language has been so interesting. It is an illustration of how wrong we can be. Of the many investigators who set out to find the stereotyped sex differences in language, few have had any positive results

60、. It deems that our images of serious taciturn （沉默的）male speakers and gossipy garrulous （饶舌的）female speakers are just that: images.Many myths associated with masculine and feminine talk have had to be discarded as more has been undertaken. If females do use more trivial words than males, stop talkin

61、g in d-sentence, or talk about the same things over and over again, they do not do it when investigators are around.None of these characteristics of female speech have been found. And even when sex differences have been found, the question arises as to whether the difference is in the eye-or ear-of

62、the beholder, rather than in the language.Pitch provides one example. We believe that males were meant to talk in low pitched voices while females in high pitched voices. We also believe that low pitch is more desirable. Well, it has been found that this difference cannot be explained by anatomy.If males do not speak in high pitched voices, it is not usually because they are unable to do is more likely to be that there are penalties. Males with high pitched voices