联合国国际货物买卖合同公约

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1、编号：时间：2021年x月x日书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟页码：第35页 共35页United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(1980) CISG联合国国际货物买卖合同公约共分为四个部分：（1）适用范围；（2）合同的成立；（3）货物买卖；（4）最后条款。全文共101条。公约的主要内容包括以下四个方面： 1.公约的基本原则。建立国际经济新秩序的原则、平等互利原则与兼顾不同社会、经济和法律制度的原则。这些基本原则是执行、解释和修订公约的依据，也是处理国际货物买卖关系和发展国际贸易关系的准绳。

2、 2.适用范围。第一，公约只适用于国际货物买卖合同，即营业地在不同国家的双方当事人之间所订立的货物买卖合同，但对某些货物的国际买卖不能适用该公约作了明确规定。第二，公约适用于当事人在缔约国内有营业地的合同，但如果根据适用于“合同”的冲突规范，该“合同”应适用某一缔约国的法律，在这种情况下也应适用“销售合同公约”，而不管合同当事人在该缔约国有无营业所。对此规定，缔约国在批准或者加入时可以声明保留。第三，双方当事人可以在合同中明确规定不适用该公约。（适用范围不允许缔约国保留） 3.合同的订立。包括合同的形式和发价（要约）与接受（承诺）的法律效力。 4.买方和卖方的权利义务。第一，卖方责任主要表现为

3、三项义务：交付货物；移交一切与货物有关的单据；移转货物的所有权。第二，买方的责任主要表现为两项义务：支付货物价款；收取货物。第三，详细规定卖方和买方违反合同时的补救办法。第四，规定了风险转移的几种情况。第五，明确了根本违反合同和预期违反合同的含义以及当这种情况发生时，当事人双方所应履行的义务。第六，对免责根据的条件作了明确的规定。补充： CISG 联合国国际货物销售合同公约(the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods)。根据联合国大会的授权，联合国国际货物销售合同会议于1980年3

4、月10日至4月11日在奥地利维也纳举行（维也纳会议），共62个国家的代表出席。在这次会议上通过了该公约。1988年公约在达到法定批准国家数额后正式生效。我国于1986年12月向联合国秘书长递交了该公约的批准书，成为该公约的缔约国。但在参加公约时，根据第95、96条的规定，我国对该公约第11条以及第1条第1款b项作了保留。【Promulgation Date】1980.04.11签订于维也纳THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION,BEARING IN MIND the broad objectives in the resolutions adopted by

5、 the sixth special session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on the establishment of a New International Economic Order,CONSIDERING that the development of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States

6、,BEING OF THE OPINION that the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts for the international sale of goods and take into account the different social, economic and legal systems would contribute to the removal of legal barriers in international trade and promote the development of internati

7、onal trade,HAVE DECREED as follows:本公约各缔约国，铭记联合国大会第六届特别会议通过的关于建立新的国际经济秩序的各项决议的广泛目标，考虑到在平等互利基础上发展国际贸易是促进各国间友好关系的一个重要因素，认为采用照顾到不同的社会、经济和法律制度的国际货物销售合同统一规则，将有助于减少国际贸易的法律障碍，促进国际贸易的发展，兹协议如下：PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 适用范围和总则Chapter I SPHERE OF APPLICATION 适用范围 Article 1(1) This Co

8、nvention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States: 本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同(a) when the States are Contracting States; or 如果这些国家是缔约国；或(b) when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contractin

9、g State. 如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律(2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the concl

10、usion of the contract.当事人营业地在不同国家的事实，如果从合同或从订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时，当事人之间的任何交易或当事人透露的情报均看不出，应不予考虑。(3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.在确定本公约的适用时，

11、当事人的国籍和当事人或合同的民事或商业性质，应不予考虑。Article 2 This Convention does not apply to sales:本公约不适用于以下的销售(a) of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any suc

12、h use; 购供私人、家人或家庭使用的货物的销售，除非卖方在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时不知道而且没有理由知道这些货物是购供任何这种使用(b) by auction; 经由拍卖的销售(c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law; 根据法律执行令状或其它令状的销售(d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or money; 公债、股票、投资证券、流通票据或货币的销售(e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or air

13、craft; 船舶、船只、气垫船或飞机的销售(f) of electricity. 电力的销售Article 3(1) Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced are to be considered sales unless the party who orders the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture or production. 供应尚待制造或

14、生产的货物的合同应视为销售合同，除非订购货物的当事人保证供应这种制造或生产所需的大部分重要材料(2) This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the obligations of the party who furnishes the goods consists in the supply of labour or other services. 本公约不适用于供应货物一方的绝大部分义务在于供应劳力或其它服务的合同Article 4This Convention governs

15、 only the formation of the contract of sale and the rights and obligations of the seller and the buyer arising from such a contract. In particular, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Convention, it is not concerned with:本公约只适用于销售合同的订立和卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的权利和义务。特别是，本公约除非另有明文规定，与以下事项无关(a) the va

16、lidity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage; 合同的效力，或其任何条款的效力，或任何惯例的效力(b) the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold. 合同对所售货物所有权可能产生的影响Article 5This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or personal injury caused by the

17、 goods to any person.本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任何人所造成的死亡或伤害的责任Article 6The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or, subject to article 12, derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions.双方当事人可以不适用本公约，或在第十二条的条件下，减损本公约的任何规定或改变其效力Chapter IIGENERAL PROVISIONS总则Article 7(1) In the interp

18、retation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade. 在解释本公约时，应考虑到本公约的国际性质和促进其适用的统一以及在国际贸易上遵守诚信的需要(2) Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention w

19、hich are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law. 凡本公约未明确解决的属于本公约范围的问题，应按照本公约所依据的一般原则来解决，在没有一般原则的情况下，则

20、应按照国际私法规定适用的法律来解决Article 8(1) For the purposes of this Convention statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to his intent where the other party knew or could not have been unaware what that intent was. 为本公约的目的，一方当事人所作的声明和其它行为，应依照他的意旨解释，如果另一方当事人已知道或者不可能不知道此一意旨(2)

21、 If the preceding paragraph is not applicable, statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to the understanding that a reasonable person of the same kind as the other party would have had in the same circumstances. 如果上一款的规定不适用，当事人所作的声明和其它行为，应按照一个与另一方当事人同等资格、通情达理的人

22、处于相同情况中，应有的理解来解释(3) In determining the intent of a party or the understanding a reasonable person would have had, due consideration is to be given to all relevant circumstances of the case including the negotiations, any practices which the parties have established between themselves, usages and any

23、 subsequent conduct of the parties. 在确定一方当事人的意旨或一个通情达理的人应有的理解时，应适当地考虑到与事实有关的一切情况，包括谈判情形、当事人之间确立的任何习惯作法、惯例和当事人其后的任何行为Article 9(1) The parties are bound by any usage to which they have agreed and by any practices which they have established between themselves. 双方当事人业已同意的任何惯例和他们之间确立的任何习惯做法，对双方当事人均有约束力(

24、2) The parties are considered, unless otherwise agreed, to have impliedly made applicable to their contract or its formation a usage of which the parties knew or ought to have known and which in international trade is widely known to, and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type invol

25、ved in the particular trade concerned. 除非另有协议，双方当事人应视为已默示地同意对他们的合同或合同的订立适用双方当事人已知道或理应知道的惯例，而这种惯例，在国际贸易上，已为有关特定贸易所涉同类合同的当事人所广泛知道并为他们所经常遵守Article 10For the purposes of this Convention: 为本公约的目的(a) if a party has more than one place of business, the place of business is that which has the closest relati

26、onship to the contract and its performance, having regard to the circumstances known to or contemplated by the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract; 果当事人有一个以上的营业地，则以与合同及合同的履行关系最密切的营业地为其营业地，但要考虑到双方当事人在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时所知道或所设想的情况(b) if a party does not have a place of business

27、, reference is to be made to his habitual residence. 如果当事人没有营业地，则以其惯常居住地为准Article 11A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means, including witnesses.销售合同无须以书面订立或书面证明，在形式方面也不受任何其它条件的限制。销售合同可以

28、用包括人证在内的任何方法证明Article 12Any provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of this Convention that allows a contract of sale or its modification or termination by agreement or any offer, acceptance or other indication of intention to be made in any form other than in writing does not apply where any

29、 party has his place of business in a Contracting State which has made a declaration under article 96 of this Convention. The parties may not derogate from or vary the effect or this article.本公约第11条、第29条或第二部分准许销售合同或其更改或根据协议终止，或者任何发价、接受或其它意旨表示得以书面以外任何形式做出的任何规定不适用，如果任何一方当事人的营业地是在已按照本公约第96条做出了声明的一个缔约国内

30、，各当事人不得减损本条或改变其效力Article 13For the purposes of this Convention writing includes telegram and telex.为本公约的目的，“书面”包括电报和电传PART II FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT 合同的订立Article 14(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definit

31、e and indicates the intention of the offeror to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal is sufficiently definite if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price. 向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的订立合同的建议，如果十分确定并且表明发价人在得到接受时承受约束的意旨，即构成发价。一个建议如

32、果写明货物并且明示或暗示地规定数量和价格或规定如何确定数量和价格，即为十分确定(2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal. 非向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的建议，仅应视为邀请做出发价，除非提出建议的人明确地表示相反的意向Artic

33、le 15(1) An offer becomes effective when it reaches the offeree. 发价于送达被发价人时生效(2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer. 一项发价，即使是不可撤销的，得予撤回，如果撤回通知于发价送达被发价人之前或同时，送达被发价人Article 16(1) Until a contract is conclu

34、ded an offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance. 在未订立合同之前，发价得予撤销，如果撤销通知于被发价人发出接受通知之前送达被发价人(2) However, an offer cannot be revoked: 但在下列情况下，发价不得撤销(a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrev

35、ocable; or 发价写明接受发价的期限或以其它方式表示发价是不可撤销的；或(b) if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer. 被发价人有理由信赖该项发价是不可撤销的，而且被发价人已本着对该项发价的信赖行事Article 17An offer, even if it is irrevocable, is terminated when a rejection reaches

36、the offeror.一项发价，即使是不可撤销的，于拒绝通知送达发价人时终止Article 18(1) A statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating assent to an offer is an acceptance. Silence or inactivity does not in itself amount to acceptance. 被发价人声明或做出其它行为表示同意一项发价，即是接受，缄默或不行动本身不等于接受(2)An acceptance of an offer becomes effecti

37、ve at the moment the indication of assent reaches the offeror. An acceptance is not effective if the indication of assent does not reach the offeror within the time he has fixed or, if no time is fixed, within a reasonable time, due account being taken of the circumstances of the transaction, includ

38、ing the rapidity of the means of communication employed by the offeror. An oral offer must be accepted immediately unless the circumstances indicate otherwise. 接受发价于表示同意的通知送达发价人时生效。如果表示同意的通知在发价人所规定的时间内，如未规定时间，在一段合理的时间内，未曾送达发价人，接受就成为无效，但须适当地考虑到交易的情况，包括发价人所使用的通讯方法的迅速程序。对口头发价必须立即接受，但情况有别者不在此限(3)However

39、, if, by virtue of the offer or as a result of practices which the parties have established between themselves or of usage, the offeree may indicate assent by performing an act, such as one relating to the dispatch of the goods or payment of the price, without notice to the offeror, the acceptance i

40、s effective at the moment the act is performed, provided that the act is performed within the period of time laid down in the preceding paragraph. 但是，如果根据该项发价或依照当事人之间确立的习惯作法和惯例，被发价人可以做出某种行为，例如与发运货物或支付价款有关的行为，来表示同意，而无须向发价人发出通知，则接受于该项行为做出时生效，但该项行为必须在上一款所规定的期间内做出Article 19(1)A reply to an offer which p

41、urports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection of the offer and constitutes a counter-offer. 对发价表示接受但载有添加、限制或其它更改的答复，即为拒绝该项发价，并构成还价(2)However, a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additional or different terms whic

42、h do not materially alter the terms of the offer constitutes an acceptance, unless the offeror, without undue delay, objects orally to the discrepancy or dispatches a notice to that effect. If he does not so object, the terms of the contract are the terms of the offer with the modifications containe

43、d in the acceptance. 但是，对发价表示接受但载有添加或不同条件的答复，如所载的添加或不同条件在实质上并不变更该项发价的条件，除发价人在不过分迟延的期间内以口头或书面通知反对其间的差异外，仍构成接受。如果发价人不做出这种反对，合同的条件就以该项发价的条件以及接受通知内所载的更改为准(3)Additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, e

44、xtent of one partys liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter the terms of the offer materially. 有关货物价格、付款、货物质量和数量、交货地点和时间、一方当事人对另一方当事人的赔偿责任范围或解决争端等等的添加或不同条件，均视为在实质上变更发价的条件Article 20(1)A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror in a telegram or a letter b

45、egins to run from the moment the telegram is handed in for dispatch or from the date shown on the letter or, if no such date is shown, from the date shown on the envelope. A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror by telephone, telex or other means of instantaneous communication, begins t

46、o run from the moment that the offer reaches the offeree. 发价人在电报或信件内规定的接受期间，从电报交发时刻或信上载明的发信日期起算，如信上未载明发信日期，则从信封上所载日期起算。发价人以电话、电传或其它快速通讯方法规定的接受期间，从发价送达被发价人时起算(2)Official holidays or non-business days occurring during the period for acceptance are included in calculating the period. However, if a noti

47、ce of acceptance cannot be delivered at the address of the offeror on the last day of the period because that day falls on an official holiday or a non-business day at the place of business of the offeror, the period is extended until the first business day which follows. 在计算接受期间时，接受期间内的正式假日或非营业日应计算

48、在内。但是，如果接受通知在接受期间的最后天未能送到发价人地址，因为那天在发价人营业地是正式假日或非营业日，则接受期间应顺延至下一个营业日Article 21(1)A late acceptance is nevertheless effective as an acceptance if without delay the offeror orally so informs the offeree or dispatches a notice to that effect. 逾期接受仍有接受的效力，如果发价人毫不迟延地用口头或书面将此种意见通知被发价人 (2) If a letter or o

49、ther writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the offeree that he

50、considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect. 如果载有逾期接受的信件或其它书面文件表明，它是在传递正常、能及时送达发价人的情况下寄发的，则该项逾期接受具有接受的效力，除非发价人毫不迟延地用口头或书面通知被发价人：他认为他的发价已经失效 Article 22An acceptance may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance would

51、 have become effective.接受得予撤回，如果撤回通知于接受原应生效之前或同时，送达发价人Article 23A contract is concluded at the moment when an acceptance of an offer becomes effective in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.合同于按照本公约规定对发价的接受生效时订立Article 24For the purposes of this Part of the Convention, an offer, declar

52、ation of acceptance or any other indication of intention reaches the addressee when it is made orally to him or delivered by any other means to him personally, to his place of business or mailing address or, if he does not have a place of business or mailing address, to his habitual residence.为公约本部分

53、的目的，发价、接受声明或任何其它意旨表示“送达”对方，系指用口头通知对方或通过任何其它方法送交对方本人，或其营业地或通讯地址，如无营业地或通讯地址，则送交对方惯常居住地PART III SALE OF GOODS 货物销售Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS 总则Article 25A breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental if it results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive h

54、im of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, unless the party in breach did not foresee and a reasonable person of the same kind in the same circumstances would not have foreseen such a result.一方当事人违反合同的结果，如使另一方当事人蒙受损害，以致于实际上剥夺了他根据合同规定有权期待得到的东西，即为根本违反合同，除非违反合同一方并不预知而且一个同等资格、通情达理的人处于相同情况中也

55、没有理由预知会发生这种结果Article 26A declaration of avoidance of the contract is effective only if made by notice to the other party.宣告合同无效的声明，必须向另一方当事人发出通知，方始有效Article 27Unless otherwise expressly provided in this Part of the Convention, if any notice, request or other communication is given or made by a party

56、 in accordance with this Part and by means appropriate in the circumstances, a delay or error in the transmission of the communication or its failure to arrive does not deprive that party of the right to rely on the communication.除非公约本部分另有明文规定，当事人按照本部分的规定，以适合情况的方法发出任何通知、要求或其它通知后，这种通知如在传递上发生耽搁或错误，或者未

57、能到达，并不使该当事人丧失依靠该项通知的权利Article 28If, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, one party is entitled to require performance of any obligation by the other party, a court is not bound to enter a judgement for specific performance unless the court would do so under its own law in respect of

58、 similar contracts of sale not governed by this Convention.如果按照本公约的规定，一方当事人有权要求另一方当事人履行某一义务，法院没有义务做出判决，要求具体履行此一义务，除非法院依照其本身的法律对不属本公约范围的类似销售合同愿意这样做Article 29(1)A contract may be modified or terminated by the mere agreement of the parties. 合同只需双方当事人协议，就可更改或终止(2)A contract in writing which contains a p

59、rovision requiring any modification or termination by agreement to be in writing may not be otherwise modified or terminated by agreement. However, a party may be precluded by his conduct from asserting such a provision to the extent that the other party has relied on that conduct. 规定任何更改或根据协议终止必须以书

60、面做出的书面合同，不得以任何其它方式更改或根据协议终止。但是，一方当事人的行为，如经另一方当事人寄以信赖，就不得坚持此项规定Chapter II OBLIGATIONS OF THE SELLER 卖方的义务Article 30The seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relating to them and transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and this Convention.卖方必须按照合同和本公约的规定，交付货物，移

61、交一切与货物有关的单据并转移货物所有权Section I. Delivery of the goods and handing over of documents交付货物和移交单据Article 31If the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at any other particular place, his obligation to deliver consists:如果卖方没有义务要在任何其它特定地点交付货物，他的交货义务如下(a)if the contract of sale involves carriage of the goo

62、ds - in handing the goods over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer; 如果销售合同涉及到货物的运输，卖方应把货物移交给第一承运人，以运交给买方(b)if, in cases not within the preceding subparagraph, the contract relates to specific goods, or unidentified goods to be drawn from a specific stock or to be manufactured or produ

63、ced, and at the time of the conclusion of the contract the parties knew that the goods were at, or were to be manufactured or produced at, a particular place - in placing the goods at the buyers disposal at that place; 在不属于上款规定的情况下，如果合同指的是特定货物或从特定存货中提取的或尚待制造或生产的未经特定化的货物，而双方当事人在订立合同时已知道这些货物是在某一特定地点，或

64、将在某一特定地点制造或生产，卖方应在该地点把货物交给买方处置(c)in other cases - in placing the goods at the buyers disposal at the place where the seller had his place of business at the time of the conclusion of the contract. 在其它情况下，卖方应在他于订立合同时的营业地把货物交给买方处置Article 32(1)If the seller, in accordance with the contract or this Convention, hands the goods over to a carrier and if the goods are not clearly identified to the contract