2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题38（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons （ ）slowly into the sky.问题1选项A.heavingB.raisingC.ascendingD.floating【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。heave意为“举起”；raise意为“提升，提高”；ascend意为“上升，升高”；float意为“浮动，漂流”。此处为动词的现在分词作宾补。句意：当看到几百个彩色气球慢慢地升向天空时，孩子们欢呼起来。2. 单选题Eve

2、rything in the shop is too expensive; I wont pay $200 for the fur coat because it is not worth（ ）.问题1选项A.all that muchB.that much allC.that all muchD.much all that【答案】A【解析】考查限定词词序。限定词的排序：前位限定词（指量限定词all，both，half等；倍数词、分数词等）+中位限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格）+后位限定词（序数词、基数词，数量词及短语many，much，little，few，plenty

3、 of，a lot of）。句意：商店里的东西都太贵了；我不会付200美元买这件毛皮大衣，因为它根本不值这么多钱。3. 单选题Come what（ ）, were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.问题1选项A.mustB.shouldC.canD.may【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。come what may意为“无论如何，不管怎样，无论发生什么事”。句意：无论如何，我们不会对他的不合理要求作出任何让步。4. 问答题Human beings are social (A) animals who usu

4、ally prefer not living (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).【答案】试题答案：B; to live【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。5. 单选题There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in （ ）with its surroundings.问题1选项A.coincidenceB.harmonyC.uniformD.alliance【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。coin

5、cidence意为“巧合，一致”；harmony意为“和谐，协调”，in harmony with意为“与和谐相处”；uniform意为“制服”；alliance意为“结盟，同盟”。句意：这个国家曾经有一个小镇里的所有的生命似乎与周围环境和谐相处。6. 单选题Jim Fix had been a heavy smoker and weighed 214 pounds when he took up running in the 1960s. He soon _51 _ the benefits from running. His weight decreased by 60 pounds by

6、 the time his book The Complete Book of Running was published. His book _52_ millions of people. In his book and on television talk shows. He praised the benefits of physical exercise and how it _53_and increased the average peoples life expectancy. His readers and audience became more health-consci

7、ous. However, to their shock, Fix died at the age of 52 after his daily run. Many who opposed his beliefs said this was _54_ that running was harmful. However, his supporters _55_that the real cause of Fixs death was a heart attack. He came from a family where men had poor health stories. His father

8、 _56 a heart attack at the age of 35 and died of one at 42. Given Fixs unhealthy lifestyle until he took up running, many argued that running added many years to his life.“Running does have its shortcomings,” _57_heart specialist Paul Thomas, in a recent medical journal. “The _58_can be hard on your

9、 knees. Runners are more at risk during their training, _59_ if they run marathons. _60_, the news for runners isnt all bad. Evidence suggests in spite of its shortcomings, moderate amount of running exercise can actually result in a longer, improved life.”问题1选项A.praisedB.favoredC.reapedD.applied问题2

10、选项A.inspiredB.disappointedC.awardedD.rewarded问题3选项A.compatiblyB.disappointedC.awardedD.rewarded问题4选项A.enduranceB.evidenceC.supplementD.allowance问题5选项A.rewroteB.revisedC.reversedD.revealed问题6选项A.obtainedB.sustainedC.sufferedD.surpassed问题7选项A.acknowledgesB.pledgesC.communicatesD.apologizes问题8选项A.conse

11、quenceB.impactC.weightD.press问题9选项A.explicitlyB.particularlyC.commonlyD.singularly问题10选项A.HoweverB.FurthermoreC.MoreoverD.Also【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:B第10题:A【解析】51.考查逻辑关系。由前面句意“Jim Fix在20世纪60年代开始跑步时，曾是一名烟民，体重214磅”和后面句意“他的体重减少了60磅”可知此处表示跑步带来的好处，因此填reap（取得（成果），收获）。52.考查逻辑关系。由前面

12、可知Jim Fix在出版书时，通过跑步体重减少了60磅，这是一件正面积极的事，可知此处表示他的书鼓励了其他人，因此选A。53.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的and increased the average peoples life expectancy（并提高人的平均寿命）可知D选项最为恰当，表示“运动是怎样回报人的，以及增加人均寿命”。54.考查名词辨析。endurance意为“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意为“证据，迹象”；supplement意为“补充”；allowance意为“津贴，补贴”。此处表示很多反对他的人说他的死是证明跑步有害的证据，因此选B。55.考查动词辨析。rewrit

13、e意为“重写，改写”；revise意为“修改（意见或计划），修订（书刊）”；reverse意为“颠倒，使反转”；reveal意为“揭示，显示”。此处表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心脏病”，因此选D。56.考查动词辨析。obtain意为“获得，得到”；sustain意为“维持，保持”；suffer意为“遭受”；surpass意为“超过”。此处表示“他的父亲在35岁时遭受心脏病”，因此选C。57.考查动词辨析。acknowledge意为“承认”；pledge意为“保证，誓言”；communicate意为“沟通，交流”；apologize意为“道歉，认错”。此处表示“Paul Thomas承认

14、跑步的不足之处”，因此选A。58.考查名词辨析。consequence意为“结果，成果”；impact意为“影响”；weight意为“重量”；press意为“压，按”。此处表示“对膝盖的影响会比较大”，因此选B。59.考查副词辨析。explicitly意为“明白地，明确地”；particularly意为“特别，尤其”；commonly意为“通常地”；singularly意为“非常地”。此处表示“跑步的人在训练中的风险更大，尤其是如果他们跑马拉松的话”，因此选B。60.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的the news for runners isnt all bad（对于跑步者来说，这个消息并不全是坏消

15、息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之处，可知此处表示对比，因此选A，however意为“然而”，可表示转折关系。7. 问答题Human beings are social (A) animals who usually prefer not living (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).【答案】试题答案：B; to live【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。8. 单选题She sewed a （ ）on the knee of her trousers.问题1选项A.pinchB.pla

16、sterC.punchD.patch【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。pinch意为“捏，掐”；plaster意为“灰泥，膏药，创可贴”；punch意为“拳击打，用力的捶打”；patch意为“补丁，补片”。句意：她在她的裤子膝盖上缝了个补丁。9. 单选题Nuclear wastes are considered to （ ）a threat to human health and marine life.问题1选项A.exposeB.applyC.imposeD.pose【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。expose意为“揭露，揭发”；apply意为“应用，运用”；impose意为“推行，迫使，利

17、用”；pose意为“造成(威胁、问题等)，引起，产生”。句意：核废料被认为对人类健康和海洋生物造成威胁。10. 问答题In these days, with the rising cost of life (A), it is (B) dangerous for (C) a married man to risk his place in his profession or in his community (D).【答案】试题答案：A; cost of living【解析】考查名词辨析。life意为“生活，生命”，强调生活的状态；living意为“生活，生计，谋生”，强调生计，cost of

18、 living意为“生活成本”。11. 单选题Last week 29 earnest American high school students were invited to an evening of receiving good words, small talk, warm toasts and fancy silverware.“Find out something about the person sitting next to you,” advised formal US secretary of State Madeleine Albright. “Eventually,

19、youll discover they always have something interesting to say. And you should always use the proper silverware in the proper order.”Albright was the guest of honor at the imitated Official dinner, which was a lot like a real official dinner in Washington minus the soft money. The evening was sponsore

20、d by the St. Albans School of Public Services to introduce its first class to the fine art of social survival. More than 84 guests, including students, teachers, school donors and speakers gathered to imitate the lifestyle of the rich and the political.The idea was to teach the social graces that wi

21、ll help students survive any social situation. Anyway, the whole proper fork thing is overrated. Formal white house official C. Boyden Gray shared its top tips for surviving dinner parties: “Drink as little as possible until you get to dinner. “Dont be the first person there or the last person to le

22、ave.” “Try to get more out of your dinner partners than they get out of you.”Every Official Dinner has a greater reason for being. State dinners, for example, are either an opportunity to reward emerging democracies or strengthen old friendships.The official dinner was intended to show the students

23、an elegant evening in Washington part of the four-week intensive summer program to encourage public service. The students are from 13 states and two foreign countries.The program includes classes on the presidency, the courts, the media and interactional affairs. The students also debated public pol

24、icy issues. “Theyre still at it at 10 oclock at night” said director Mary Waikato. “Thats good practice for Washington, isnt it?”Since there was no band, Albright offered herself up as the nights entertainer. No singing, but stories about her life in diplomacy. “Being secretary of state is the best

25、job in the world,” she said, “better than being president, because you dont have to deal with the elections.”1.Last week a group of high school students were invited to the dinner party（ ）.2.According to Madeleine Albright, at an official dinner（ ）.3.The imitated Official Dinner is different from th

26、e real ones in that the dinner（ ）.4.We can conclude from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.To see the life style of the rich and politicalB.to discuss international and public policy issuesC.to learn to survive in different social situationsD.to learn to become the future leaders of the White House问题2选项A.w

27、e should get more information about the hostB.we should be sociable by talking with othersC.table manners are not as important as conversingD.we should learn to entertain others by telling a story问题3选项A.could not get the financial support as easily as the real onesB.was held without the participatio

28、n of important personsC.didnt have as many guests as the real onesD.had nothing to do with political and international issues问题4选项A.there are significant differences between the Official Dinner and Other dinner partiesB.American students like to participate in public services very muchC.being a secr

29、etary of state is the best, even better than being a presidentD.the students who were invited to the dinner party were enthusiastic about the program【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的The idea was to teach the social graces that will help students survive any social situation.（这个想法是为了教学生社交礼

30、仪，以帮助学生应对任何社交情形）可知选C。2.细节事实题。文章第二段描写的是Madeleine Albright给的建议：由Find out something about the person sitting next to you（找出坐在你旁边的那个人的一些情况）可知与A选项不符；由And you should always use the proper silverware in the proper order（而且你应该正确地使用你的餐具）可知与C选项不符；D选项原文没有提及；由Eventually, youll discover they always have somethin

31、g interesting to say（最终，你会发现他们总是有一些有趣的话要说）可知选B，在正式晚宴上我们应该善于与人交谈。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中Albright was the guest of honor at the imitated Official dinner, which was a lot like a real official dinner in Washington minus the soft money.（Albright是这场模仿正式宴会的贵宾，这种模仿宴会与华盛顿的正式宴会很相似，但不包括软钱）可知这场模仿宴会与正式宴会的区别在于钱方面，因此选A。so

32、ft money（软钱）指在规则和联邦选举竞选法之外筹集的政治资金，它一直是竞选资金改革支持者的主要目标。4.推理判断题。通读全文，可推测出参加此次模仿宴会的学生应该是对这个项目很热衷的。12. 单选题Tom Landry is one of the most successful football coaches in National Football League history and he was known for his（ ）manner and fierce competitiveness.问题1选项A.unruffledB.brutalC.suspiciousD.tender

33、【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。Unruffled意为“平静的，镇定的，沉着的”；brutal 意为“野蛮的”；suspicious意为“可疑的，不信任的”；tender意为“和善的，温柔的”。句意：汤姆兰德里是国际足球联盟历史上最成功的足球教练之一，他以沉着冷静和激烈竞争而闻名。13. 单选题Difficult market conditions were（ ）when Korean tanners entered the UK and New Zealand raw material markets, driving up prices.问题1选项A.relievedB.changedC

34、.deterioratedD.solved【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。relieve意为“减轻，缓和”；change意为“改变”；deteriorate意为“变坏恶化”；solve意为“解决”。句意：当韩国制革工人进入英国和新西兰的原材料市场，抬高了价格，困难的市场条件恶化了。14. 单选题I just managed to（ ）a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by the passing boat.问题1选项A.snatchB.scratchC.scrapeD.scan【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。snatch意为“

35、夺去，抢走，抓紧时间做，趁机获得”；scratch意为“挠，划破，抓破”；scrape意为“刮掉，削去，擦坏”；scan意为“细看，浏览，扫描”。句意：在我被那艘过往的船吸到水里之前，我设法赶紧快速地吸了口气。15. 单选题I dont think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not （ ）to that type of work.问题1选项A.compatibleB.convenientC.consistentD.competent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。compatible意为“兼容的，相容的”；convenien

36、t意为“方便的”；consistent意为“与一致的，相符的”；competent意为“有能力的，能胜任的”。句意：我认为Johnson在他的新工作上不会成功的，因为他不能胜任那种类型的工作。16. 单选题The medical students studied the （ ）of the human body.问题1选项A.frameworkB.outlineC.skeletonD.segment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。framework意为“ 构架，框架”；outline意为“梗概，大纲，提纲”；skeleton意为“骨骼，骨架，骨骼标本”；segment意为“部分，段落”。句意：

37、医学专业的学生研究了人体的骨骼。17. 单选题The mayor was asked to （ ）his speech in order to allow the audience to raise questions.问题1选项A.constrainB.conductC.condenseD.converge【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。constrain意为“强制，限制”；conduct意为“组织”；condense意为“精简，压缩（文字、信息等）”；converge意为“汇集，聚集”。句意：市长被要求压缩他的演讲，以便让听众可以提问。18. 单选题Professor Kumar Bhat

38、t, founder and head of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMC), and RobMeakin a personnel director at Marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate. The New Knowledge Partnership will include a team of 40 Marconi managers in what Professor Bhatt calls electroni

39、c engineering management or E2. A wide range of engineering and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programs, professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing the business environment to a huge extent. Many chief executives do not understand the power of the new te

40、chnologies and in some cases, are actually resisting change. He says that “as long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiven

41、ess gap with its main rivals. Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.”Already Britain makes

42、 more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) and management information technology system than other European countries, and has a government that actively promotes e-business. But, observes Professor Bhatt, Britain has never used technology as a growth driver. “The thing about elect

43、ronic engineering management is that you can keep your legacy systems; you just need to link those systems with an information engine. At the touch of a button it will allow project managers to see the status of a project, identify problems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on i

44、nformation that will be much more complete than in the past.”The E2 program is the result of an alliance by the Warwick Manufacturing Group with Americas leading e-commerce study center, Carnegie Mellon. The latter will be responsible for training many of the Marconi managers in America, where the g

45、roup has half its business. In Britain. Professor Bhatt has linked up with Sun Microsystems, Oracle and Parametric Technology, to set up a multi-million pound E2 design and manufacturing center at the university which will be used for training and research.Professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is

46、 changing business to such an extent that WMG is likely to be renamed Warwick Electronic Manufacturing Group. But, he warns: “The move to globalize because of e-commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leap

47、frog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.”1.What is the purpose of E2 course?2.Why does Bhatt say that e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain?3.According to the passage, what do you know abo

48、ut e-business in Britain?4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?5.According to that last passage, what is Bhatts attitude towards e-commerce?问题1选项A.Teach electronic engineering management.B.Train engineers and managers to be acquainted with e-commerce.C.Train engineers and manage

49、rs to be engineers and managers.D.Teach engineers and managers about developing partnership.问题2选项A.Because many business leaders have shown their interest in this.B.Because it can strengthen the companies competitiveness.C.Because more people will learn e-commerce style.D.Because new information tec

50、hnologies can greatly improve industrial productivity.问题3选项A.E-business has eliminated many competitive rivals.B.E-business has done many benefits to big companiesC.Many companies have joined in the E-business program.D.E-business has great potential and will make changes in the country.问题4选项A.Brita

51、in can be competitive to US in the area of information technology.B.Britain has already taken the advantages of running engineering management.C.As with many other European countries, Britain has made use of computer-aided systems.D.E-business has offered opportunities to European countries to elimi

52、nate the competitiveness gap with all the rivals.问题5选项A.He thinks it as a precise opportunity only to Britain.B.He thinks that it is not as a good opportunity as people think.C.He thinks it is not only good for Britain but also a precise opportunity for other countries.D.He does not consider it a go

53、od opportunity in the long run.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate（建立了合作伙伴关系，培训工程师和管理人员成为精英）可知D选项“教工程师和经理如何发展伙伴关系”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Brit

54、ain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals.（电子商务将使英国的第二次生产力革命成为可能。这可能会使经济接近消除与主要竞争对手的巨大竞争力差距）可知B选项“因为它可以增强企业的竞争力”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Britain has never used technology as a growth driver.（英国从未将科技作为经济增长的动力）可知D选项“电子商务有着巨大的潜力，并将在

55、这个国家发生变化”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.（在过去五年中，由于信息技术，美国制造业的生

56、产率提高了30%。在英国，我们可以取得更多成就，成功的电子商务将对英国经济带来数十亿美元的收益）可知A选项“在信息技术领域，英国可以比美国更有竞争力”符合题意。5.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的The move to globalize because of e commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first

57、time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.（由于电子商务而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。尽管网络允许英国工业超越欧洲同行，但它也为亚洲国家提供了超越西方的机会。这是第一次它不是西方世界的特权，因为这项技术是普遍的）可知C选项“他认为这不仅对英国有利，而且对其他国家来说也是一个确切的机会”正确。19. 单选题Get a shirt one size larger than you usually wear, because this material （ ）when y

58、ou wash it.问题1选项A.fadesB.decreasesC.retreatsD.shrinks【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。fade意为“变暗，衰退，衰落”；decrease意为“减少，降低”；retreat意为“撤退，后退”；shrink意为“收缩，缩小”。句意：穿一件比你平时穿的大一点的衬衫，因为这个材料洗过后会缩水。20. 单选题The USA has 10 percent of the total petroleum（ ）of the world in its own territory , and has been a major producer for decades.问题1选项A.reservationsB.reservesC.potentialsD.reservoirs【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。reservation意为“预约，保留地”；reserve意为“储备（量），储藏（量）”；potential意为“潜在的，有可能的”；reservoir意为“水库，蓄水池”。句意：美国在自己的领土上拥有世界石油总储量的10%，几十年来一直是主要的生产国。