2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题100（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题100（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题100（附答案详解）（18页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 写作题Directions: For this section, you are asked to read the following short passage first and then to write a composition entitled Which one Do You Think Is More Important, Pleasure or Longevity? You should not copy any of the sentences in the following passage. You

2、 should write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. （15%） （Just for your reference）People are almost phobic（恐惧症）about having fun. increasingly viewing themselves as fragile, vulnerable, ready to develop cancer or heart disease at the slightest provocation（刺激）. In the

3、 name of health, people give up many of their life enjoyments. We have no quarrel with the evidence that some pleasures, like cigarette smoking, high alcohol consumption, addictive drugs, driving much too fast, are unhealthy and should be knocked off. But worrying too much about anything including c

4、alories, salt, cancer, and cholesterol（胆固醇）-can rob your life of vitality. Living optimistically, with pleasure, zest, and commitment enriches if not lengthens life.Do you agree to the above point of view? Which one do you think is more important, pleasure or longevity （长寿）? Give your own comments a

5、nd write them down on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】略2. 单选题Americans may have to（ ） the number of privately owned cars and depend more on public transportation systems.问题1选项A.break downB.out downC.get downD.drop down【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。break down“发生故障，毁掉”；get down“吞下，使沮丧”；drop down“落下，顺着往下移动”。句意：美国人可能不得不降低私家车的数量

6、。转而依赖公共交通系统。只有D项符合，强调私家车数量的下降。3. 单选题It is crucial that a broad set of people-not just technologists or those who happen to be in the computer industry（ ） in the debate about how this technology should be shaped.问题1选项A.compensateB.saturateC.motivateD.participate【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“赔偿，补偿”；satur

7、ate“浸透，使湿透”；motivate“刺激，使有动机”；participate in“参加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不仅仅技术员或那些碰巧在计算机领域工作的人参与到这项技术该如何发展的讨论中来。D项能与介词in搭配，且符合句意。4. 单选题I didnt make out what the professor means because his handwriting is so（ ）.问题1选项A.eligibleB.illegibleC.KnowledgeableD.vague【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。eligible合格的，合适的；illegible难辨认的，字迹模糊的

8、；knowledgeable知识渊博的；vague模糊的，含糊的。由空格前的handwriting可知能修饰字迹的只有B项，故B项正确。5. 单选题When he saw what had happened to the black girl, his face（ ） extreme disapproval and dissatisfaction.问题1选项A.registeredB.suggestedC.reflectD.enhance【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。register“登记；记录；（用表情等）流露出”; suggest“提议;建议；暗示”；reflect“反映;反射;照出”；

9、enhance“提髙；加强；增加”。句意：当他看到那个黑人女孩的遭遇吋，他脸上流露出极其反对和不满的表情。由face以及 extreme disapproval and dissatisfaction“极其反对和不满的情绪”可知，他应该是流露出这种情感。故A项正确。6. 单选题I never know whether the boss will dismiss me because of my being late for work, so I cant afford to（ ） my duties.问题1选项A.neglectB.denyC.refuseD.ignore【答案】A【解析】考查

10、动词辨析。neglect“疏忽；忽视”；deny“否定；否认”；refuse“拒绝，回绝”；ignore“忽视；不理睬”。句意：我从不知道老板是否将会因为我上班迟到而解雇我，所以我不能承受去疏忽我的职责。由前半句可知，此空表达的是“不能承受疏忽职责”之意，故A项正确。7. 翻译题1. When you establish a succinct, easy-to-remember theme, you let people know that you have a well-defined and thought-out point of view.2. The most complicated

11、 problems in dealing with the cultural environment come from thefact that one cannot learn culture-one has to live it.3. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of thing Ihave to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attack the objectionable item first.4. Bu

12、t just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond todays imagining.【答案】1. 当你建立一个简洁、容易记住的主题时，你让人们知道你有一个明确的且深思熟虑的观点。2. 在处理文化环境中最复杂的问题来自这样一个事实即一个人不能学习那种文化却又不得不生活在那样的环境里。3. 我发现自己转身撂下一份工作，或放在一堆要做的事情之后，我把桌上的一切清理干净，然后着手攻克一个有异议的项目。4.

13、 但就在最近几年，它变得几乎难以置信的复杂，充满了奇怪的部分，其功能也超出了今日的想象力。8. 单选题To partially overcome the problem of funds and to speed the （ ） of Western technology, Hungary sold a 30% stake in its national phone company to two Western companies.问题1选项A.auctionB.harmonyC.sacrificeD.import【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。auction“拍卖，竞卖”；harmony“和

14、睦”；sacrifice“牺牲，献祭”；import“进口”；句意：为了部分解决资金问题和加速西方技术的引进，匈牙利将其国家电话公司30%的股份出售给了两家西方公司。匈牙利通过售卖国家电话公司的股份来获得资金以此来引进西方技术。故D项正确。9. 单选题Lateral thinking （迂回思维），first described by Edward de Bone in 1967, is just a few years older than Edwards son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous t

15、hinker, but the de Bone was so famous, Caspars parents worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teacher might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?”“We had to be careful and not overdo it.”Edward admits. Now Caspar is at Oxford which once looked unlikely because he is als

16、o slightly dyslexic （诵读困难）. In fact, when he was applying to Oxford, none of his school teachers though he had a chance.“So then we did several thinking sessions,”his father says, “using my techniques and，when he went up for the exam, he did exactly well.” Soon after, Edward de Bone decided to write

17、 his latest book, “Teach Your Child How to Think,”in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and knows that children a

18、rent very logical. So isnt it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think?“You know,”Edward de Bone says, “if you examine peoples thinking, it is quite unusual to find it of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limit view.”31. “Teach Your

19、 Child How to Think” offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly see the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternative.1. What is “TRUE about Caspar?2. Caspar succeeded in applying to Oxford because（ ）.3. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward（ ）.4. Acco

20、rding to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements express Edward de Bones view?5. Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.He first described lateral thinking.B.He is often scolded by his teacher.C.He is Edwards son.D.He is an adventurous thinker.问题2选项A.he used in the exam the

21、 techniques provided by his fatherB.he read the book “teach Your Child How to Think” before the examC.he was careful and often overworkedD.all of his school teachers thought he had a chance问题3选项A.was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexicB.once taught businessmen ho

22、w to think before he wrote for parents and childrenC.was likely to improve childrens logic with his bookD.gave a description of lateral thinking several years after his son was born问题4选项A.We often think ineffectively because we take too limited a view.B.Thinking is traditionally regarded as somethin

23、g executed in a logical sequence.C.Everybody knows that children arent very logical.D.It is an uphill battle trying to teach children to think.问题5选项A.seeing the implications of what you are sayingB.exploring the alternatives for what you are sayingC.improving ones logic in thinkingD.improving ones p

24、erception in thinking【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段Lateral thinking (迂回思维)，first described by Edward de Bone in 1967, is just a few years older than Edwards son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but the de Bone was so famous, Caspars parents worri

25、ed that any time he would say something bright at school, his teacher might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?”“迂回思维”首次被爱德华与1967年提出，随后他的儿子出生了。你可能会想象Caspar会被抚养成一个冒险的思考者，但是爱德华是如此出名，以至于Caspar的父母担心每次他提出一些奇特的想法时，他的老师可能会打断他的话，并说“你从哪里学到这个想法的？”可知Caspar是Edward的儿子，故C项正确。A项“Capsar首次提出迂回思维错误，该观点是他父亲提出来的。B项

26、和D项文中未提及。2.推理判断题。由第二段“so then we did several thinking sessions,” his father says, “using my techniques and，when he went up for the exam, he did exactly well.”他的父亲说：“然后我们进行了几次思考的研讨会，当他考试时，用上我的技巧，他考得很好。”可知Caspae成功被牛津大学录取的原因是他在考试时用了他父亲教的技巧。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第二段“Soon after, Edward de Bone decided to write

27、his latest book, “Teach Your Child How to Think,” in which he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share. 不久之后，爱德华德伯恩(Edward de Bone)决定写他的新书教你的孩子如何思考(Teach Your Child How to Think)。在这本书中，他把自己为头脑风暴的商人们开发的思考技巧转化成

28、了供父母和孩子们分享的非正式练习。”可知爱德华曾经是教商业思维的。故B项正确。4.推理判断题。第三段“Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and knows that children arent very logical. So isnt it an uphill battle, trying to teach them to think? 传统上认为思考是按照逻辑顺序进行的，并且知道孩子们不是很有逻辑。试着教他们思考，这不是一场艰苦的战斗吗?”由反问句可知教孩子们学会

29、思考是一件很难的事情。故D项正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Teach Your Child How to Think” offers lessons in perception improvement, of clearly see the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternative. “教你的孩子如何思考”提供了改善感知能力的课程，让你清楚地看到你所说的话的含义，并探索其他选择。可知A项“弄清楚你所说的话的含义”；B项“探索你所说内容的替代方案”；D项“提升一个人的感知能力”正确。C项

30、“提高思维的逻辑性”文中没有提到。故答案C10. 翻译题While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive fema

31、le executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, thou

32、gh, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.【答案】虽然魅力对于男性晋升是一个积极因素，但对女性却是不利因素。人们认为英俊的男性高管要比相貌平平的男性更正直;而且认为他们付出的努力和自身的能力使得他们成功。有魅力的女性高管却被认为没有无吸引力的高管正直，她们取得成功不是归因于能力，而是运气等因素。所有无魅力的

33、女高管要比有魅力的要正直，也更有能力。有趣的是，尽管如此，与有吸引力的女高管一夜取得成功相比，越来越多的无吸引力的女高管更多地因人际关系，较少因能力而获得成功。11. 单选题Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding, being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue

34、 makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avo

35、id it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even riot actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones. The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: Willpower exercise. （43） The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or

36、 putting it under a pile of things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attack the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult job first.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to

37、 do the job right. Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can, then let the unconscious take over.1. Which

38、 of the following can be called an evil circle?2. According to the passage, when keeping putting off a task, we can experience（ ）.3. To overcome start up fatigue, we need（ ）.4. The word, “insurmountable” in the last paragraph probably means .（ ）5. According to the passage, which of the following sta

39、tements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Success-zeal-success-zeal.B.Failure-tiredness-failure-tiredness.C.Failure-zeal-failure-tiredness.D.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion.问题2选项A.tirednessB.performance fatigueC.start-up fatigueD.unconsciousness问题3选项A.toughnessB.preventionC.musclesD.willpower问题4选项A.that can

40、not be solvedB.that can not be understoodC.that can not be imaginedD.that can not be objected问题5选项A.It is easier to overcome start-up fatigue.B.Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blocked.C.One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle.D.Failure often ac

41、companies fatigue.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由关键词evil circle定位到第一段 it is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue. 这是一个恶性循环。失败会导致疲劳，而疲劳会使你更难去工作，这就增加了疲劳。可知B项“失败-疲劳-失败-疲劳”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段We experience this tiredness

42、in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel. 们主要通过两种方式来体验这种疲劳: 启动疲劳和表现疲

43、劳。在前一种情况下，我们总是拖延不得不做的事情。要么因为它太单调乏味，要么因为它太难，我们都避免它。我们拖延的时间越长，我们就会感到越累。可知当一个人一直拖延一项任务时，他经历的是启动性疲劳。故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第二段“The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: Willpower exercise. 补救措施显而易见，尽管可能不容易实施:意志力锻炼。可知为了克服启动性疲劳，我们需要的是意志力。故D项正确。4.词义题。Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and

44、however hard we work, we fail again and again. and并列连词，and前后表示的内容性质一致，故可由and后面的内容来推知前面，and后面的内容是“不管我们多么努力，我们一次又一次地失败。”故insurmountable意为不可克服的，不可跨越的，A项正确。5.推理判断题。由第四段Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right. 表现疲劳更难克服。这种情况

45、下我们愿意开始，但是我们似乎不能把工作做好。可知AB两项正确。由第四段The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. 失败的经验越来越多，精神疲劳的负担也越来越重。以及Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue. 失败会导致疲劳，而疲劳会使你更难去工作，这就增加了疲劳。可知D项“疲劳经常伴随着疲劳”符合本文描述

46、。C选项One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circle（一个人在经历了邪恶的循环之后，最终会成功）来自第一段，但第一段中并未提及“经历这个循环后就会成功”，因此C选项符合题意。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:12. 单选题Free medical service is（ ） to nearly all the college students in China.问题1选项A.favoriteB.availableC.convenientD.average【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。favorite“最喜爱的”；ava

47、ilable“可获得的”；convenient“方便的”；average“普通的，平均的”。句意：所有中国大学生都（ ）免费医疗服务。只有B项符合句意，be available to可得到的，大学生能得到免费医疗服务。答案B13. 单选题The hotel（ ） we stayed last Friday was right in the center of the city.问题1选项A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。stay in the hotel，故用where引导定语从句，where=in which=in the hotel.句意：

48、我们上周五住的那个酒店就在市中心。14. 翻译题1. Money-laundering （洗钱）has been one of the worlds fastest-growing industries over decade despite increasing efforts by the worlds financial authorities to stamp it out.2. We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own jud

49、gments, and most peoples, who had seen the video of this beating couldnot understand how the jury was able to acquit （宣布无罪）the policemen involved .3. To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines which generate negative ions.4

50、. The hackers are so involved with designing their program, making it more and more complex and bending it to their will, that they dont bother trying to make it understandable to other users.5. A studv has found that the share price of American multinationals that spend heavily on R&D rises when th

51、ev buv foreiun subsidiaries, bu it falls when a multinational with low R&D spending buys abroad.【答案】1. 洗钱在过去十年里已经成为世界上发展最快的产业之一，尽管世界金融当局不断加强打击和遏制洗钱力度。2. 我们现在处于人人都能获取信息的时代，这些信息使人们可以自己做出判断，大多数人看过这个殴打视频后都无法理解陪审团怎么可以无罪释放涉案警察。3. 为了增加室内负离子的供应量,一些科学家建议使用离子发生器:可以产生负离子的便携式机器。4. 黑客们如此专注于设计他们的程序，使其越来越复杂，并按照他们的

52、意愿来编程，以至于他们不愿费心去让其他用户理解这些程序。5. 一项研究发现，那些在研发上投入巨资的美国跨国公司在收购海外子公司时，其股价会上涨，而当一家研发投入较低的跨国公司收购海外公司时，股价就会下跌。当媒体为更多的人提供更多的选择时，媒体有助于民主政治，而当媒体由灯光信号站转变为热导导弹时，媒体将不利于民主政治。比如，总统发表的1995年国情咨文报告花了一个多小时，这显然超出了大多数网络评论家（评论员：发表评论的人）所能承受的大约半小时的容忍度。演说结束后，网络评论家即时对演说做出分析，批判演说的长度而且“缺乏重点”。然而，从第二天的民意调查结果和现场访谈来看，大多数美国人似乎很欣赏总统演

53、讲的内容。当今媒体调查少，宣传多.15. 单选题There is a（ ）difference in meaning between the words surroundings and environment.问题1选项A.gentleB.subtleC.feebleD.humble【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。gentle温和的，文雅的；subtle微妙的，精细的；feeble微弱的，无力的；humble谦逊的，简陋的。语境与话语环境之间有细微的区别。能与difference搭配的只有B项。故B项正确。16. 单选题Does he have the right work experie

54、nce and skills? （ ）, can he do the job?问题1选项A.In another wayB.In other waysC.In another wordD.In other words【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。in another way另一方面；in other ways 在其他方面；in in other words 换句话说。in anther word没有这个搭配。空格前后句子意思相似，故D项正确。句意：他有相关的工作经验和技能吗？换言之，他能做这个工作吗？17. 单选题To（ ） for his unpleasant experiences he

55、 drank a little more than was good for him.问题1选项A.commenceB.compromiseC.compensateD.compliment【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。commmence入手；compromise 妥协，折中；compensate赔偿；，弥补，抵消；compliment恭维，称赞。由后半句他喝了过多的酒是来消除他不愉快的经历，借酒消愁。故C项正确。18. 单选题The （ ） of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according t

56、o their academic performance.问题1选项A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。segregation “隔绝、分离 speficiation “规格、说明书”;spectrum “光谱、波段 ”；subscription “捐献、订 阅、定金、签署”。只有A项符合题意。句意：把那些有天赋的孩子们分离到加速班的举措将会在下周根据他们的学习成绩进行。19. 翻译题我为什么写作？我为了我们的国家、社会、生活更加美好而写作。热爱生活，我叹息一切美好的瞬间的短促。只有文学才能使美

57、好的瞬间与永恒连接起来。至少我有理由希望，在写作的时候我能够比我自己还要好一点，聪明一点，丰富一点，有时候更执着一点，也有时候更豁达一点，因为我是太平凡了，我是有太多的缺点以至于缺陷。我不满意自己，我已经没有办法再重新投胎一次，我只能在写作里得到一些校正与补偿。我喜欢写作还因为这并不总是快乐的。谁能回避那些沉重的不愉快的甚至于可怕的事情呢？然而当这一切经验都变成文学的契机的时候，人生就比较能够忍受了。【答案】Why do I write? I write for the betterment of our country, society and life. I love life, I si

58、gh the brevity of all the beautiful moments. Only literature can connect the beautiful moment with the eternal. At least I have reason to hope that when I write, I can be a little better than myself, a little smarter, a little richer, sometimes a little more persistent, and sometimes a little more o

59、pen-minded, because I am too ordinary, I have too many shortcomings and even defects. I am not satisfied with myself, I have no way to be born again, I can only get some correction and compensation from writing. I also like writing because its not always fun. Who can avoid those heavy unpleasant and

60、 even terrible things? However, when all these experiences become the opportunity of literature, life is more tolerable.20. 单选题He is the only person who can（ ） in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.问题1选项A.testifyB.chargeC.accuseD.rectify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。testify“作证;证明”; charge“充电；控告”；accuse“控告; 指控”；rectify“改正”。句意：我是唯一能在该案件中作证的人，因为其他证人都被神秘杀害了。由后半句内容以及witnesses“证人”知A项“作证”正确。