2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前模拟强化练习题5（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 写作题Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled My View on Job-hopping in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines:1.有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为2.有些人喜欢经常换工作，因为3.你的观点【答案】略2. 单选题Why should you think about in

2、trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand

3、, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you wi

4、ll have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs.If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with

5、older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job.Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handl

6、e tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend they do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instea

7、d recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.1.Which of the following best sums up the first paragraph?2.The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably（ ）.3.According to the passage, if a students school record is not good, he（ ）.4.Which subject is suppo

8、sed to have no direct value for job hunting?5.The whole passage centers on（ ）.问题1选项A.The importance of doing well at school.B.Using school performance to help to choose a career.C.The importance of being good at all subjects.D.The indirect value of schoolwork.问题2选项A.a waste of time that could have b

9、een spent on studyB.useful for his future workC.a good way to earn extra moneyD.a good way to find out his weak points问题3选项A.will be a complete failure in his future workB.will not be able to find a suitable jobC.will regret not having worked harder at schoolD.may do well in his future work问题4选项A.Ma

10、thematics.B.English.C.Technical Drawing.D.History.问题5选项A.choosing a career according to what one is skilled inB.acquiring knowledge by working hard at schoolC.finding ones strong and weak pointsD.developing ones abilities useful in school work【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.归纳概括题。根据题干定位到第一段，第一段讲的

11、就是人们可以在学校的功课中找到自己擅长的科目，并且将它未来直接或间接应用到具体的职业生涯中。Although not all subjects can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value.（虽然不是所有的科目都可以直接使用在工作中，它们可能有间接的价值。）因此D选项“学校功课的间接价值”正确。A、B、C都只是片面观点，并不能总结全段。2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段If you have had a part-time job on Saturdays or in the summer, think what yo

12、u gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers.（如果你在周六或夏天有一份兼职工作，想想你从中得到了什么。如果没有别的，你可能已经学会了如何按时上班，如何听从指示，以及如何与年长的员工相处。）这些都是说的未来工作时可能用到的地方，因此B选项“对他将来的工作很有用”正确。A选项“浪费了本可以花在学习上的时间”这一点原文没有提及；C选项“赚外快的好方法”，原文也没有提及

13、；D选项“这是找出他弱点的好办法”，这个也是原文没有描述的。3.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第一段Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work.（例如，你的学习成绩可能不是很好，但它是你背景的重要组成部分。

14、你不应该为此感到抱歉，而是要认识到你将有一个重新开始工作的机会。）根据句意可以看出D选项“可能会在未来的工作中表现出色”正确。A选项“他将来的工作会彻底失败”；B选项“不能找到一份合适的工作”；C选项“会后悔在学校没有更努力学习”是原文没有提到的。4.事实细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段Knowledge of history is not required for most jobs（大多数工作都不要求有历史知识）。因此D选项“历史学科”正确。A选项“数学”；B选项“英语”；C选项“技术制图”都不是对工作没用的。5.主旨大意题。题干问的是全文的中心，立足于全文来看都是在说学校里做的不好也会获

15、得收货以及Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself（面对你的弱点也是了解你自己的一部分），全文的段首还说到You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in your work.（你可能在某些科目上比其他科目更擅长。这些可以显示出你在工作中可以用得上的优点。）也就是说要按照自己的优势去找工作，因此A选项“根据自己的技能选择职业”正确。B选项“通过在学校努力学习获得知

16、识”；C选项“找到自己的长处和短处”；D选项“培养对学校工作有用的能力”都是片面的信息。3. 单选题As the door of China is open, Western ideas and（ ）come in.问题1选项A.moralB.moraleC.moralsD.value【答案】C【解析】考查了名词辨析。A选项moral“道德；寓意”，B选项morale“士气；斗志”，C选项morals“品行；道德；道德观念”，D选项value“值；价值；价格”，根据句子的意思应该是说各种各样的价值观念涌入中国，只有C可以表示“各种思想和价值观”，因此C选项符合题意。句意为：随着中国的大门打开，

17、西方的思想和道德观进来了。4. 单选题Cancellation of the flight（ ）many passengers to spend the night at the airport.问题1选项A.resultedB.obligedC.demandedD.recommended【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resulted“结果；导致”，B选项obliged“迫使；强制；赐”，C选项demanded“强烈要求；需要”，D选项recommended“推荐，介绍；劝告”，根据题意可知：旅客们由于航班取消不得不在机场过夜，B选项oblige有“被迫；事实逼迫人不得不”的含义，因此

18、B选项符合题意。5. 单选题The gangster（ ）at his helpless victim and put a cigarette just out of reach.问题1选项A.sneeredB.scornedC.grinnedD.glared【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sneered“嘲笑，冷笑”；B选项scorned“轻蔑”；C选项grinned“露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑”；D选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看”。句意：歹徒对他那无助的受害者（ ），并把一支烟放在刚好够不到的地方。根据歹徒后面的行为可以看出，歹徒对这个受害者发出冷笑，因此A选项符合题意。6. 单选题Th

19、e survival（ ）of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.问题1选项A.ratioB.rateC.scaleD.standard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ratio“比例，比率”；B选项rate“进度，速度”，A项指的是两个量的比值，强调相比、相除的关系，B项指的是比率，速度，率等，如“tax rate税率”、“crime rate犯罪率”；这个句子中的生存率指的是“野生动物的存活数量和死亡的野生动物数量之比”，是两个数量之比，所以A项更符合。句意

20、：一些野生动物的存活率不是很高，因为它们被残酷地猎杀以获取皮毛。；C选项scale“规模”；D选项standard“标准，水准”。因此A选项符合题意。7. 写作题Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Studying Abroad or Home in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines:1. 现在有越来越多的人想出国留学；2. 出国留学与在国内学习的对比

21、；3. 你的观点。【答案】略8. 单选题The crowd（ ） into the hall and some had to stand outside.问题1选项A.outgrewB.overthrewC.over passedD.overflew【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项outgrew“过大而不适于，出生，长大成熟而不再”；B选项overthrew“扔出，抛出”；C选项over passed“通过，度过”；D选项overflew“（尤指液体）溢出，（容器）满得溢出，挤满人了，淹没”。句意：人群（ ）了大厅，有些人不得不站在外面。本句表示的是“人群涌入了大厅”，因此D选项符合题意

22、。9. 翻译题The US Department of Labor statistics indicate that there is an oversupply of college-trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing. Already there is an overabundance of teachers, engineers, physics and other specialists. Yet college and graduate schools continue every year to turn o

23、ut highly trained people to complete for jobs that arent there. The result is that graduates cannot enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college. These “temporary” jobs have a habit of becoming permanent.【答案】美国劳工部统计数字表明，高校毕业的劳工供应过剩，而且这

24、个过剩正在不断增加。已经有过量的老师、工程师、物理学家和其他专家。然而高校和研究院每年都在继续培养出高度受训的人员，来竞争潜在的岗位。结果是，毕业生无法从事与他们受训内容相关的工作，只能接受不要求学位的临时工作。这些“临时”工作有变成永久性工作的习惯。10. 单选题Melissa is a computer（ ）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项

25、“天才，天赋”；B选项“病毒”；C选项“疾病”；D选项“细菌”，句意：Melissa是一种电脑（ ），它摧毁了电脑中的文件，让全世界成千上万的用户感到沮丧。本句想表示的是“电脑病毒（computer virus）”，这也是固定搭配，因此B选项符合题意。11. 单选题Although architecture has artistic qualities, it must also satisfy a number of important practical（ ）.问题1选项A.obligationsB.regulationsC.observationsD.considerations【答案】

26、D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项obligations“义务，债务”；B选项regulations“条例，规程”；C选项observations“观察，观察值”；D选项considerations“考虑，注意事项”。句意：虽然建筑具有艺术性，但它也必须满足一些重要的实际_。本句表达的意思是，虽然具有艺术性，但是还是要满足一些重要的实际注意事项。因此D选项符合题意。12. 单选题To help students understand how we see, teachers often draw an（ ）between an eye and a camera.问题1选项A.imageB.anal

27、ogyC.imitationD.axis【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项image“影像，想象，肖像”；B选项analogy“类比，类推，类似”；C选项imitation“模仿，仿造，仿制品”；D选项axis“轴，轴线，轴心国”。句意：为了帮助学生理解我们是如何看东西的，老师经常把眼睛和照相机作_。这里表达的是“作类比”，因此B选项符合题意。13. 单选题The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interv

28、iewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want. Therefore, it is important to remember that your objective during the interview may differ from the objective of the potential employer. You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths, is well q

29、ualified, and should be considered the right person for the job. It is encouraging to know that the interviewers task is not to embarrass you or to trip you, but to hire the right person for the job.Remember, job hunting is very competitive. Anything you can do to enhance your interview techniques w

30、ill be to your advantage. The following suggestions may help you land the most important job.Your goal in this interview is to make sure your good points get across. The interviewer wont know them unless you point them out, so try to do this in a factual and sincere manner.Dont say anything bad abou

31、t your former employers. If you have been fired from a job and the interviewer asks about it, be frank in your answer.Show the interviewer that you are interested in the company by asking relevant questions. Ask about responsibilities, working conditions, promotion opportunities and fringe benefits（

32、附加福利）of the job you are interviewing for.If at home point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a show of confidence, and you may have much to gain. It may be well, or it may be a test to see how you react to adverse c

33、onditions.Some interviewers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary. This politely passes the question back to the interviewer. If the interviewer continues to press, give him

34、 a range or suggest the going rate for a particular job. If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.1.To get the job you want, during the interview you should（ ）.2.If you did not get along with your former employer,

35、 you（ ）.3.When you find the interview is not going well you should（ ）.4.The best time to discuss your salary is（ ）.5.The most important thing to do during an interview is（ ）.问题1选项A.avoid the interviewers questions that are designed to trip youB.remember that you are the best qualified candidateC.mak

36、e yourself stand out as the right person for the jobD.keep in mind that it determines whether or not you get the particular job you want问题2选项A.should tell the interviewer franklyB.should not speak ill of himC.should refer to him in a factual mannerD.should never mention it问题3选项A.keep up your confide

37、nceB.bring it to an end as soon as possibleC.tell your interviewer how you react to adverse conditionD.tell yourself you have much to gain and nothing to lose问题4选项A.when you have been offered the jobB.at the end of the interviewC.after you have completed the paperworkD.when the interviewer brings th

38、is matter up问题5选项A.to make your strengths understoodB.to show your intense interest in the job you are applying forC.to be frank and sincereD.to be natural and confident【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal streng

39、ths, is well qualified, and should be considered the right person for the job.（你想让自己作为一个完整的人脱颖而出，这个人有自己的优点，很有资格，应该被认为是这份工作的合适人选）。可知在面试中，如果你想得到想要的工作，应该让自己作为工作的合适人员凸显出来。因此C选项“让你自己脱颖而出，成为这份工作的合适人选”正确。A选项在第一段It is encouraging to know that the interviewers task is not to embarrass you or to trip you（面试者的

40、任务不是让你尴尬或绊倒你），因此可以得知面试者并不会给你使绊子，A选项错误；B选项不正确，原文并没有说过这个，只是说要保持自信；D选项在第一段的第一句话有提到The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want.（面试在找工作过程中是很重要的一件事，因为你与面试官待上的二三十

41、分钟可能会决定你是否能得到你想要的工作。）但是这并不是作者认为被面试者应该铭记的事，因此D不正确。2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段Dont say anything bad about your former employers.（不要说前老板的坏话。）可以得知如果和前老板相处的不好，也不要说他的坏话，因此B选项“不应该说他的坏话”正确。A选项是在第四段If you have been fired from a job and the interviewer asks about it, be frank in your answer.（如果你被解雇了，面试官问起这个问题，你要坦率地

42、回答。）说的是如果被解雇了，则要坦率回答，和题干不符合，因此排除；C、D都并未提及，排除。3.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第六段If at some point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a show of confidence, and you may have much to gain.（如果在某个时刻你觉得面试不顺利，不要表现出你的沮丧。继续表现出自信，你不会有什么损失，你可能会

43、有很多收获。）因此A选项“保持你的信心”正确。B、D虽然原文都有提及，但不是本题的信息点，因此排除；C选项在第六段It may be well, or it may be a test to see how you react to adverse conditions.（它可能是好的，也可能是测试你对不利条件的反应。）这只是一个推测，并且与如何在表现不好时做出回应不相关，排除。4.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when

44、 you are ready to complete the paperwork.（如果可能的话，你应该在得到一份工作之后，在你准备好去完成相关文件之后，再去谈工资问题。）可以看出，作者认为最好的谈薪水的时间应该是在你已经收到了工作邀请之后，因此A选项“当你得到这份工作的时候”正确。B选项未提及，无关项排除；C选项在最后一段you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.（你应该在得到一份工作之后，在你准备好去完成

45、相关文件之后，再去谈工资问题。）原文是说“准备好去完成相关文件”，而不是完成了文件，因此C选项错误，排除；D选项在最后一段Some interviewers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary（有些面试官可能会在面试一开始就提出薪水问题。此时，你可以暗示与具体的薪水相比你更感兴趣的是一份可以证明你自己的工

46、作），从这里得知作者并不支持一开始就直接谈薪水，因此D错误，排除。5.事实细节题。定位到第一段You want to make yourself stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths, is well qualified, and should be considered the right person for the job. （你想让自己作为一个完整的人脱颖而出，这个人有自己的优点，很有资格，应该被认为是这份工作的合适人选。）以及第三段Your goal in this interview is to make su

47、re your good points get across. The interviewer wont know them unless you point them out, so try to do this in a factual and sincere manner.（在这次面试中，你的目标是确保别人能理解你的优点。除非你指出来，否则面试官是不会知道的，所以你要尽量以事实和真诚的方式来表达。）通过这两处可以看出，最重要的就是要让自己的能力被理解、被面试官接收到，因此A选项“让别人了解你的长处”正确。其余的B、C、D都是无关项，不符合题意。14. 单选题Ann used to（ ）w

48、hen we went to the same school. But now she is always on time.问题1选项A.being lateB.lateC.be lateD.getting late【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语。结合题干和选项可知本题考查非谓语，而used to后面要加动词原形表示“过去常常做某事”，因此A、B、D不符合语法规则。句意：我们在同一所学校时，安总是迟到。但是现在她总是很准时。15. 单选题It was clear that the storm（ ） his arrival by two hours.问题1选项A.retardedB.retired

49、C.refrainedD.retreated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项retarded“延迟，阻止，妨碍”；B选项retired“退休，撤退，退却”；C选项refrained“节制，克制”；D选项retreated“撤退，退避”。句意：很明显，暴风雨使他（ ）了两个小时到达。本句表示的是“暴风雨使他晚到了两小时”，因此A选项符合题意。16. 单选题The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one, as every experienced police officer knows to his co

50、st. As the Lancet put it recently: “When we try to describe faces precisely words fail us, and we resort to identikit (拼脸型图) procedures.”Yet, according to one authority on the subject, we can each probably recognize more than 1,000 faces, the majority of which differ in fine details. This, when one

51、comes to think of it, is a tremendous feat, though, curiously enough, relatively little attention has been devoted to the fundamental problems of how and why we acquire this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. Is it an inborn property of our brains, or an acquired one? As so often happens, t

52、he experts tend to differ.Thus, some argue that it is inborn, and that there are “special characteristics about the brains ability to distinguish faces”. In support of this these they note how much better we are at recognizing a face after a single encounter than we are, for example, in recognizing

53、an individual horse. On the other hand, there are those, and they are probably in the majority, who claim that the gift is an acquired one.The arguments in favor of this latter view, it must be confessed, are impressive. It is a habit that is acquired soon after birth. Watch, for instance, how a qui

54、te young baby recognizes his member by sight. Granted that his other senses help-the sound other voice, his sense of smell, the distinctive way she handles him.But of all these, sight is predominant. Formed at the very beginning of life, the ability to recognize faces quickly becomes an established

55、habit, and one that is, essential for daily living, if not necessarily for survival. How essential and valuable it is we probably do not appreciate until we encounter people who have been deprived of the faculty.This unfortunate inability to recognize familiar faces is known to all, but such people

56、can often recognize individuals by their voices, their walking manners or their spectacles. With typical human ingenuity many of these unfortunate people overcome their handicap by recognizing other characteristic features.1.It is stated in the passage that（ ）.2.What the author feels strange about i

57、s that（ ）.3.What is the first suggested explanation of the origin of the ability?4.According to the passage, how important is the ability to recognize faces?5.This passage seems to emphasize that（ ）.问题1选项A.it is unusual for a person to be able to identify a face satisfactorilyB.the ability to recogn

58、ize faces unhesitatingly is an unusual giftC.quit a few people can visualize faces they have seenD.few people can give exact details of the appearance of a face问题2选项A.people have the tremendous ability to recognize more than 1,000 facesB.people dont think much of the problem of how and why we acquir

59、e the ability to recognize and remember facesC.people dont realize how essential and valuable it is for them to have the ability to recognize facesD.people have been arguing much over the way people recognize and remember问题3选项A.It is one of the characteristics peculiar to human beings.B.It is acquir

60、ed soon after birth.C.It is something we can do from the very moment we are born.D.It is learned from our environment and experiences.问题4选项A.It is useful in daily life but is not necessarily essential.B.Its absence would make normal everyday life impossible.C.Under certain circumstances we could not

61、 exist without it.D.Normal social life would be difficult without it.问题5选项A.the ability to recognize individuals is dependent on other senses as well as sightB.sight is indispensable to recognizing individualsC.the ability to recognize faces is a special inborn ability of the brainD.the importance o

62、f the ability of recognizing faces is fully appreciated by people【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据选项和题干关键词定位到第一段第一句The gift of being able to describe a face accurately is a rare one, as every experienced police officer knows to his cost.（能准确地描述一个人的面容这种天赋是很罕见的，每一个有经验的警官都知道这一点。）因此D选项“很少有人能给出

63、一张脸的外貌的确切细节”正确。A选项“一个人能令人满意地辨认人脸是不寻常的”不够准确；B选项“毫不犹豫地识别面孔的能力是一种不寻常的天赋”是推断出来的，而不是文章直接的陈述；C选项“有些人能想象他们所见过的面孔”不是原文所提到的。2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段的第二句This, when one comes to think of it, is a tremendous . this gift for recognizing and remembering faces. （然而，奇怪的是，对于我们是如何以及为什么会有这种识别和记忆面孔的天赋这一基本问题，却鲜有人关注。）因此B选项“人们很少思考我们是如何以及为什么获得识别和记忆面孔的能力的”正确。A选项“人们有惊人的能力来识别超过1000张面孔”，在第二段第一句话Yet, according to one author