2022年考博英语-东北大学考前模拟强化练习题78（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-东北大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The headquarters of this oil company is in London while its（ ）companies are located in different parts of the world.问题1选项A.subsidiaryB.ultimateC.inferiorD.precedented【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项subsidiary“附属的；辅助的”；B选项ultimate“最终的；极限的；根本的”；C选项inferior“差的；自卑的；下等的”；D

2、选项precedented“有先例的”。句意：这家石油公司的总部在伦敦，而它的附属公司却位于世界的不同地方。结合此处语境，A选项正确。2. 单选题The schoolmaster（ ）the girls bravery in his opening speech.问题1选项A.applaudedB.enhancedC.elevatedD.clapped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项applaud“赞同；称赞”；B选项enhance“提高；加强；增加”；C选项elevate“提高；举起；抬高”；D选项clap“拍手；鼓掌；轻轻拍打某人”。句意：校长在开幕致辞上称赞了这个女孩的勇敢行为

3、。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题There is a（ ）difference in meaning between the two words “surroundings” and “environment”.问题1选项A.gentleB.feebleC.subtleD.humble【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项gentle“温和的；文雅的”；B选项feeble“微弱的；虚弱的”；C选项subtle“微妙的；细微的；敏感的；稀薄的”；D选项humble“谦逊的；简陋的；（级别或地位）低下的”。句意：“surroundings”与“environment”这两个单词在意思上存在细微

4、的差异。根据句意，选项C正确。4. 单选题Many people are（ ）to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.问题1选项A.insensitiveB.allergicC.infectiousD.alert【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项insensitive“感觉迟钝的”；B选项allergic“对过敏的”；C选项infectious“传染的；传染性的”；D选项alert“警惕的；留心的”。句意：很多人对虫子叮咬过敏，且有些人甚至不得不去医院。结合此处句意，B选项正确。5. 单选题The childrens

5、 hysterical crying（ ）the woman doctor from completing the examination.问题1选项A.forbadeB.refrainedC.hinderedD.restricted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项forbid“禁止；不允许”；B选项refrain“克制；避免；制止”；C选项hinder“阻止；打扰”；D选项restrict“限制；约束”。句意：这些孩子们歇斯底里的哭泣阻止这位女医生完成这个检查。结合句意判断出选项C正确。6. 翻译题Stanford opened its doors in 1891, and mor

6、e than a century later, it remains dedicated to finding solutions to the great challenges of the day and to preparing our students for leadership in todays complex world.Stanford students stand out for their academic excellence. They come from throughout the United States and the world, representing

7、 demographic, economic and cultural diversity. Students are admitted on a need-blind basis, and the university ensures that no admitted student is unable to attend. Once here, students discover that exploration, challenge and curiosity are limited only by their desires.Stanford is unusual among grea

8、t universities in having seven schools on one campus: Humanities and Sciences, Law, Medicine, Business, Earth Sciences, Engineering and Education. This breadth provides students with unparalleled freedom to cross departmental boundaries and discover intellectual and personal passions. Creative think

9、ing, problem-solving, and research are central to the academic programs at Stanford and learning takes place in an environment of intimate collaboration.From Nobel Prize winners to undergraduates, all members of Stanford are engaged in creating new knowledge, whether in sciences, business, arts or w

10、herever their interests lie. Stanford is particularly noted for its openness to multidisciplinary research not only within its schools and departments, but also in its laboratories, institutes, libraries and research centers.Living and learning are intimately intertwined at Stanford. Extra-curricula

11、r programs, organizations, performances, forums and athletics beckon students, faculty and staff, as well as neighbors from the communities around us.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese and write the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.【答案】【参考译文】斯坦福大学成立于1891年，在之后的一个多世纪，一直致力于寻求应对如今巨大挑战

12、的方法并且为学生在当今复杂世界中成为领导阶层而做准备。斯坦福大学的学生因其优异的学业而引人注目。他们来自于美国及世界各地，体现着人口、经济和文化的多样性。该校招生不考虑学生支付能力，并确保所有被录取学生都能上学。只要进入这里，学生们发现探索、挑战和好奇的唯一制约因素就是自身的渴望。和其他著名大学的不同在于，斯坦福大学一个校区有七所学院：人文科学院、法律学院、医学院、商学院、地球科学院、工程学院和教育学研究院。这使得学生可以自由跨越不同的学院界限，发掘个人的求知欲。在斯坦福大学的课程体系中，创造性思维、问题解决和研究能力是非常重要的，而学习也是在一种密切协作的环境中进行的。斯坦福大学的所有成员，

13、从诺贝尔奖得主到在校本科生，都致力于创造新知识，不论是在科学、经济还是艺术领域，还是在任何其兴趣所在的领域。斯坦福大学因其公开性的多领域研究而著名。研究既可以在院校范围之内进行，也可以在实验室、研究所、图书馆或者研究中心进行。在斯坦福大学，生活和学习是互为一体的。课外活动、组织机构、表演、论坛以及体育运动不仅吸引着学生和教职员工，也吸引着附近社区的邻居。7. 单选题David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much（ ）to those who are aggressive and compete w

14、ell.问题1选项A.regimeB.prestigeC.superiorityD.legislature【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regime“政权；政体；社会制度；管理体制”；B选项prestige“威望；声望；声誉”；C选项superiority“优越；优势”；D选项legislature“立法机关；立法机构”。句意：在一个给予那些有进取心且相当有竞争力的人很多声誉的社会里，大卫倾向于认为自己无用且不被该社会所需要。根据句意可知B选项正确。8. 单选题A good referee has to be （ ）_ in the outcome of a football ga

15、me, or else he may try to make calls that favor one team over another.问题1选项A.contemporaryB.comelyC.disinterestedD.notorious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项contemporary“当代的；同时代的”；B选项comely“清秀的，标致的”；C选项disinterested“无私的；公正的；冷漠的；廉洁的”；D选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”。句意：一位好的裁判在足球比赛结果上必须是公正的，否则他可能试图去做出有利于一支球队的裁定。结合句意，故C选

16、项正确。9. 单选题She thought it could do no harm to（ ）her escort a bit, at least on his taste in wines.问题1选项A.complementB.flatterC.flattenD.decorate【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项complement“补足；补充”；B选项flatter “奉承；谄媚；使高兴”；C选项flatten“击败；摧毁；使 平坦”；D选项decorate“装饰；布置”。句意：她认为，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能带来害处，至少在奉承其对葡萄酒的品味上不可能带来害处。结合此处语境，B选

17、项正确。10. 单选题Just because Im（ ）to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing me any respect.问题1选项A.redundantB.subordinateC.versatileD.trivial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项redundant“多余的；被解雇的；冗长的”；B选项subordinate“从属的；次要的”；C选项versatile“多才多艺的；通用的”；D选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的”。句意：只是因为我是他的下属，我的老板就认为，他可以在

18、对我没有表示任何尊敬的情况下把我差来差去。根据句意可知B选项正确。11. 单选题After a number of disagreements with the committee, the helpless chairman（ ）.问题1选项A.retiredB.dismissedC.desertedD.resigned【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项retire“退休；离开；收回”；B选项dismiss“解散；解雇；不予理会”；C选项desert“遗弃；放弃；逃跑”；D选项resign“辞去职务；放弃；委托；使听从”。句意：在与委员会产生很多分歧后，这位无助的主席辞去了自己的职务

19、。结合此处语义，D选项正确。12. 单选题When bread prices rose, Vladkhleb, a bakery, asked the krai and city for help in holding down prices. Here is a letter it wrote, published in the Vladivostok Times Sept. 9, 2007Dear Residents of Vladivostok:The staff and Board of Directors of Vladkhleb cant keep silent in the cu

20、rrent wild situation when prices for all existing products are skyrocketing unbelievably. And while we somewhat indifferently watch enormous figures on price tags for delicacy products, every kopeck of extra charge for the staples causes a real panic. We perfectly realize that, and thats why we have

21、 kept bread prices affordable for all this time. Even after the rise of prices we have tried to keep the past prices for as long as possible.At the moment all our reserves are exhausted. Stocks of bread-baking ingredients such as flour, sugar, butter and the like are running out. To buy what we need

22、 at reasonable prices is virtually impossible today.However, we cannot temporize. We all need bread every day, which means we will be forced to buy everything we need at much higher prices. What this means perhaps doesnt need to be explained.The cost of bread closely depends on ingredients. Another

23、financial crisis has led to a 50%300% increase of prices for butler, vegetable oil, all types of margarine, yeast and other as of September 1. All these prices continue to grow every hour.Because of this, Vladkhleb came to the critical point where it is necessary to raise prices of its products. Oth

24、erwise, we will just destroy a most powerful bread enterprise. Should Vladkhleb shut down, the bread price will get out of hand.Our economists projected the situation for the near future considering the growing flour cost. With the cost of flour at 2.18 rubles per kilogram at the start of September,

25、 the retail bread price was to be 4.36 rubles. With an increase of flour cost to 4 rubles per kilogram, bread price will grow to 6.17 rubles. Further growth will be possible.So it turns out that bread may rank with delicacy products. Is there another way out? Yes. It is already put into practice by

26、leaders of other cities and regions. For example, Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov used the press in the very first days of the crisis to tell the residents that he had decided to subsidize the bread industry so that not to allow prices for this type of food to rise. There were no objections. So did Khabar

27、ovsk there they pay subsidies for bread baking ingredients.Incidentally, the city and krai administrations already have the experience of supporting our plants. Rather than artificially holding back prices, they employed loans and waivers and the like. At this point all the city and krai offices of

28、authority as well as deputies at all levels could consider our propositions such as:Granting waivers on taxes to krai and city budgets;Establishing lower prices for electric and thermal energy for a program of bread production;Facilitating in reception of customs duty and tax waivers from the federa

29、l government for imported grain;Recovery of Pacific Fleets debts in the amount of 6 million rubles (calculated as of August 2007) for supplied products;Lowering rent for premises and plots.Any of these possible measures will help Vladkhleb contain the growth of prices for its products. Despite of ou

30、r SOS signal, no measures have been taken as yet. We have found ourselves in the same situation as any of you. We see the situation changing steadily for the worse. We will not cope with that alone.We see one recourse: Raise the bread price minimally and cancel our free plastic bag service. But what

31、 is next? This is the concern of all the 700 employees and the board of Vladkhleb.Every extra kopeck in the cost of bread upsets you and us very much. Making our sincere apologies for a forced increase of the bread price, we hope for your understanding and support. Today and tomorrow we are with you

32、, as usual.The Staff and Board of Vladkhleb1.In this open letter Vladkhleb explains to the people of Vladivostok that （ ）.2.A possible solution to the crisis, Vladkhleb suggests is （ ）.3.“So it turns out that bread may rank with delicacy products,” means （ ）.4.Vladkhleb has decided not to shut down

33、because, they say, （ ）.5.One of Vladkhleb propositions to the local authorities “Recovery of Pacific Fleets debts in the amount of 6 million rubles (calculated as of August 2007) for supplied products.” Means （ ）.问题1选项A.they can no longer supply breadB.the price of bread will trebleC.all reserves of

34、 bread-making ingredients have been depletedD.it will have to close down问题2选项A.to use ingredients of a lower qualityB.to cut the workers wagesC.to urge people to eat less breadD.to have the bread price subsidized by the authorities问题3选项A.that bread has become much tastier in recent monthsB.that brea

35、d has become as expensive as caviarC.that bread has become an article many people can no longer affordD.that bread has become more crispy in recent months问题4选项A.the organization still has a lot of outstanding debtsB.otherwise the price of bread may get out of handC.otherwise the distribution of brea

36、d may end up in the hands of the mafiaD.their employees are loyal and hard-working问题5选项A.that the army still owes the bakery a lot of money for bread delivered in the pastB.that Vladkhleb still owes a lot of money to the army for ingredients that it supplied in the pastC.that the local authorities s

37、hould ask for more funds from Moscow which would otherwise end up with the Pacific FleetD.that the local authorities should pay back the debt immediately【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第四段“At the moment all our reserves are exhausted. Stocks of bread-baking ingredients such

38、as flour, sugar, butter and the like are running out.”中文翻译为：此刻，我们所有的储备已用完。诸如面粉、糖、黄油和类似的面包烘焙原料正在耗尽。因此C选项“所有面包制作的原料已经被耗尽”符合题意。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第九段“For example, Moscow Mayor Yury Luzhkov used the press in the very first days of the crisis to tell the residents that he had decided to subsidize th

39、e bread industry so that not to allow prices for this type of food to rise.”中文翻译为：例如，莫斯科市长Yury Luzhkov在危机出现的头几天里通过新闻界告诉居民，他已决定补助面包行业，以便不让这类食品的价格上涨。对应D选项“让面包价格受到政府补助”。因此D项符合题意。3.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第八段“With an increase of flour cost to 4 rubles per kilogram, bread price will grow to 6.17 rubles. F

40、urther growth will be possible.”中文翻译为：随着面粉价格上涨至每公斤4卢布，面包的价格将上涨至6.17卢布。进一步的价格上涨将是可能的。可知答案为C项“面包已变成一种很多人不再能负担得起的商品”。4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文第七段“Should Vladkhleb shut down, the bread price will get out of hand.”中文翻译为：如果Vladkhleb面包店停业，那么面包价格将失去控制。因此B项“否则，面包价格可能失去控制”正确。5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文倒数第五段“Rec

41、overy of Pacific Fleet s debts in the amount of 6 million rubles (calculated as of August 2007) for supplied products.”中文翻译为：收回太平洋舰队因产品供应欠的六百万卢布债务（计算截止时间为2007年8月）。因此可知答案为C“当地政府应该向莫斯科要求更多资金，否则，最终要求莫斯科支付太平洋舰队所欠当地政府的债务”。13. 单选题Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have （ ） vis

42、ion.问题1选项A.vigorousB.exactC.acuteD.vivid【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项 exact“准确的，精密的；精确的”；C选项acute“敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；D选项 vivid“生动的；鲜明的”。句意：尽管大多数鸟类只有微不足道的嗅觉，但是它们却有敏锐的视觉。根据句意可知C选项正确。14. 单选题Tourism has seriously damaged fragile ecosystems like the Alps, the winter skiing playground of Europe,

43、 and the trekking areas of the Himalayas. Worldwide, it poses a serious threat to coastal habitats like dunes, mangrove forests and coral reefs. It fuels a booming and usually illegal trade in the products of threatened wildlife, from tortoiseshell and coral to ivory. Its “consumers” inevitably brin

44、g their habits and expectations with themwhether its hot showers and flush toilets or well-watered greens for golfers. In the Himalayas, showers for trekkers often mean firewood, which means deforestation. In Hawaii and Barbados, it was found that each tourist used between six and ten times as much

45、water and electricity as a local. In Goa, villagers forced to walk to wells for their water had to watch as a pipeline to a new luxury hotel was built through their land. Over the past decade, golf, because of its appetite for land, water and herbicides, has emerged as one of the biggest culprits, s

46、o much so that “golf wars” have broken out in parts of Southeast Asia: campaigners in Japan, one of the chief exponents of golf tourism, have launched an annual World No Golf Day.Some observers now argue that tourism can strengthen local cultures by encouraging an awareness of tradition and the cere

47、monies and festivals that go with it. But whats the value of tradition if its kept alive self-consciously, for profit, and bears little relation to real life which, today, across the world, grows ever more uniform? Hence the dismissive references to “human zoos,” “airport art” and the trinketization

48、 of cultures. These are questions that apply as much to fox hunting in Britain and Carnival in Rio de Janeiro as to so-called cannibal tours in Thailand. Whats undeniable is that tourism, in one way or another, changes tradition, and for many people, particularly in the Third World, that change look

49、s and feels like degradation.Part of the problem is that tourism is colonialism in another guise economic rather than political. Hence it rubs hard against the growing worldwide movement for local or national self-determination. But there are also some profound and often irreconcilable differences i

50、n perception.What makes people want to travel? The short answer centers on the concept of escape. According to Jost Krippendorf, the Swiss academic who is one of the leading authorities on modern tourism, people travel because “they no longer feel happy where they arewhere they work, where they live

51、. They feel the monotony of the daily routine, the cold rationality of factories, offices, apartment blocks and transport, shrinking human contact.the loss of nature and naturalness.” MacCannell argues that mass tourism is a product of the “most depersonalized” epoch in history. Well, maybe. Its tru

52、e that people with gardens, or those who live in small towns, take fewer holidays than apartment-block residents or city dwellers. Its probably also true that what we casually refer to as the “pressures of daily life” work, family, commuting are more intense, in some respects, than ever before. Yet

53、people have always felt a desire for something more than their life routinely offer themsomething, well, different. Its partly because humans are naturally inquisitive and exploratory but also, and more significant, because we need the unknown, what historians of religion call “otherness,” to lend o

54、ur lives significance. So we conceive of ideal worlds Paradise, the Golden Age, Heaven, Atlantis, and Shangri-La and dream, sometimes, of attaining them.1.According to the passage, （ ）.2.According to the writer, （ ）3.People travel because（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is true?问题1选项A.tourism

55、 has seriously damaged fragile ecosystemsB.tourism poses a serious threat to peoples mental systemC.tourism blocks a booming and usually illegal trade in the products of threatened wildlifeD.tourism inevitably brings its habits and expectations to its “consumers”问题2选项A.tourism can strengthen local c

56、ultures.B.tourism can encourage an awareness of tradition and the ceremonies and festivals that go with it.C.tourism in one way or another, changes tradition, particularly in the Third World.D.tourism can promote the growing worldwide movement for local or national self-determination.问题3选项A.they fee

57、l happy for what they already haveB.they do not feel happy for what they already haveC.they feel sick of the people in the communityD.they want to escape from the place where they live and work due to unhappiness问题4选项A.People living in big cities have fewer holidays than those who live in small town

58、s.B.People living in small towns have fewer holidays than those who live in big cities.C.People living in big cities have much more pressure of daily life than those who live in small towns.D.People living in small towns have less pressure of daily life than those who live in big cities.【答案】第1题:A第2题

59、:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由A选项可以定位到文章中“Tourism has seriously damaged fragile ecosystems.”，中文翻译为：旅游业已经严重损害了脆弱的生态系统。可知A选项正确；文章中没有涉及B选项；由C选项“旅游业阻碍了濒危野生动物产品的繁荣和非法贸易”可以定位到文章中“It fuels a booming and usually illegal trade in the products of threatened wildlife. ”，中文翻译为旅游业助长了贸易蓬勃发展，而通常是非法的贸易，可知C选项错误，与文章

60、意思相反；根据原文“Its consumers inevitably bring their habits and expectations with themwhether its hot showers and flush toilets or well-watered greens for golfers.”，中文翻译为：“消费者”不可避免地带来他们的习惯和期望无论是热水淋浴和冲洗厕所或为高尔夫球手提供浇灌的绿地。可以得知D选项“旅游不可避免地给消费者带来其习惯和期望”是错误的。因此答案为A。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由C选项可以定位到文章“Whats undeniable is th

61、at tourism, in one way or another, changes tradition, and for many people, particularly in the Third World, that change looks and feels like degradation.”，中文翻译为：不可否认的是，旅游业以这样或那样的方式改变传统，而且对许多人来说，尤其是在第三世界，这种改变看起来、感觉是退化。因此C选项“旅游业以这样或那样的方式改变传统，尤其是在第三世界”符合题意。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。可以定位到文章第四段中“According to Jost Kr

62、ippendorf, the Swiss academic who is one of the leading authorities on modern tourism, people travel because they no longer feel happy where they arewhere they work, where they live”，中文翻译为：现代旅游的主要权威者之一的瑞士学者Jost Krippendorf称，人们旅行，因为“他们不再感到高兴他们工作的地方，他们住的地方”。可知D选项“由于不满，他们想逃离他们的生活和工作的地方”是正确的。4.【试题解析】推理判

63、断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中“Its true that people with gardens, or those who live in small towns, take fewer holidays than apartment-block residents or city dwellers.”，中文翻译为：的确，住在带花园的地方或那些生活在小城镇的人们，比公寓的居民和城市居民更少去度假。可以推测出B选项“生活在小城镇的人比那些生活在大城市的人有更少的假期”正确。15. 单选题The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly（ ）source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.remarkableB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.deficient【答案】C