英文图表描述类方法归纳

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1、 今天我们所要关注的是运动图表，无论是什么题目的运动图表，无论题出的多难，我们都要清醒的认识到，那就是考官也逃不出如下的个X畴，它们分别是运动X畴，程度X畴，时间X畴，数据X畴与连接X畴。(一)运动X畴中存在着如下的种运动趋向：、保持平稳：我们可以使用的套用结构有:staystable/remainsteady举例：表示人口数量保持平稳的时候可以写:thenumberofpopulationstayedstable。/thenumberofpopulationremainedsteady2、上升/增加：我们可以使用的套用结构有：rise/climb/increase/ascend/mount/

2、aggrandize(增加)举例：人口上升：thenumberofpopulationincreased/ascended/mounted等等。3、下降/减少：我们可以使用的套用结构有：fall/drop/decrease/descend/decline举例：人口减少：thenumberofpopulationdecreased/declined4、下降后保持平稳：这个线段前面是向下的，后面是平的，在表示这个平的时候我们就不可以使用remainsteady了，我们要使用的结构是bottomout举例：人口下降后保持平稳：thenumberofpopulationdecreasedandbott

3、omedout5、上升后保持平稳：前面的上升我们就不用说了，但是在上升以后保持平稳，我们需要使用leveloff举例：人口上升后保持平稳：numberofpopulationmountedandleveledoff6、复苏：前面下降了以后，然后就上升了，这两条线段的连接点就叫复苏。英语中表达为recover举例：人口下降后复苏：numberofpopulationdecreasedandrecovered7、波动：就像我们的心电图一样。英语中叫fluctuate举例：人口波动：numberofpopulationfluctuated8、达到顶峰：peak/reachitssummit/reac

4、hitszenith举例：人口到达了顶峰：numberofpopulationpeaked/reacheditssummit/reacheditszenith但是同学们想过没有上升，下降，波动是存在程度的。所以我们接下来要讨论的是程度的描述方法。(二)程度X畴程度只有两种，缓慢和陡然。缓慢的/轻微的：gradually/smoothly/steadily/slightly陡然的/大幅度的：dramatically/sharply/considerably/appreciably/greatly1、人口大幅度攀升:numberofpopulationmounteddramatically2、人口

5、轻微下降:numberofpopulationdecreasedslightly3、人口逐渐下降:numberofpopulationdecreasedgradually（三）数据X畴好了，我们现在已经说了两个X畴了,这个两个X畴可以帮你搞定任何线段组的描述、紧接下来我们要讨论的是如何将线段组与数据进行连接、非常简单。注意如下的介词使用（1）remainsteady/staystable/leveloff/bottomout/peak/reachitspeak/reachitszenith后面需要使用的是at举例:1、人口在500万上保持平稳:numberofpopulationremaine

6、dsteadyat5million2、人口在800万时到达了顶峰:numberofpopulationpeakedat8million3、下降后,人口在400万保持平稳:afterdecreasing,numberofpopulationbottomedoutat4million4、上升后,人口在700万保持平稳:aftermounting,numberofpopulationleveledoffat7million（2）上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了)举例:1、人口下降到200万:numberofpopulationdecreasedto2million2、人口下降了200万:num

7、berofpopulationdecreasedby2million3、人口上升到1000万:numberofpopulationincreasedto10million4、人口上升了500万:numberofpopulationincreasedby5million（3）recover的后面大家需要使用的是from举例:1.人口在200万时开始复苏:numberofpopulationrecoveredfrom2million（4）fluctuate的后面大家需要连接betweenand举例:人口在2和100亿之间波动:numberofpopulationfluctuatedbetween2

8、and10billion(那俩人是ADAM和EVE)我们已经搞定了三个X畴了。剩下的两个X畴，时间与连接，我想大家就不会有很大的困难了吧。希望大家以后多多练习对于线性图表的描述（一）上升1. 对于上升趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to increaseto go upto riseto growto jumpto leapto soarto shootto pick upb. 可以使用的名词：an increasea growtha jumpa soaran upward trend2. 对于上升到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词

9、tothe peak of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the peak of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reaching + 具体数据。e. to peak at 具体数据f. to climb to + 具体数据3. 对于上升的程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。(见（二）下降1. 对于下降趋势的描述：a. 可以使用的动词或动词词组：to fallto decreaseto go downto slideto collapseto declineto dropb. 可以使用的名词：a collapsea

10、decreasea falla declinea drop2. 对于下降到某个位置的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词to具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词tothe bottom of具体数据。c. 1. a. 中的动词reaching the bottom of +具体数据。d. 1. a. 中的动词reaching + 具体数据。3. 对于下降程度的描述：a. 1. a. 中的动词by 具体数据。b. 1. a. 中的动词副词。(见（三）平稳可以使用的动词或动词词组：to hardly changeto have little changeto keep steadyto level o

11、ffto remain constantto stay the same（四）表示程度的副词：1. 程度较大：considerablydramaticallygreatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2. 程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadily时间的嵌入嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandat the start of by the end of over at the end of throughout 时间s +

12、具体数据（五）上升和下降趋势的组合描述(嵌入了时间和程度之后)：1. 先上升后下降的句型：. increased slowly during and but fell sharply in .A steady fall in during and followed the sharp increase in .2. 先下降后上升的句型： fell before began to make a recovery continue the recovery, climbing to dropped during but increased again in fell and then pick u

13、p during collapsed before rising to at the end of 3. 起伏波动的句型： fluctuated sharply all through 4. 波动不大的句型： hardly changed through the period between and 柱状图形的描述转换为线形图形的描述饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型： % the is/has/have/are accounts for % of the total takes up % in the whole chart（六）趋势的比较1. 表示相似的句型 (实例) ：Both

14、 share prices rose sharply in January.Neither pany has made a profit yet.Like X, Y fell in June.X rose just as sharply as Y.2. 表示差异的句型(实例)：X fell sharply whereas/while Y remained steady.X fell quickly pared to Y.Unlike Y, X rose by 10%.X rose far more dramatically than Y.3. 表示倍数的句型：the doubled/tripl

15、ed in pared with those in 4. 客观比较的句型： is in contrast to （七）数据的修饰1. 表示不足的词或词组：up tobelowunderalmostnearly2. 表示超过的词或词组：overmore thanjust over3. 表示大约的词：about补充：一. 主章开头 图表类型：table; chart; diagram; graph; column chart; pie graph 描述：show; describe; illustrate; can be seen from; clear; apparent; reveal; re

16、present 内容：figure; statistic; number; percentage; proportion 二. 表示数据 一般：have 10%; at 10%;over 10% 最高(低)点：peaked; reached a peak/high(point) bottomed out; reached the bottom 变化：recover 略有回升； increase; jump; rise/rose; climb decrease; fall/fell; drop; decline; reduce fluctuate 浮动，摇摆不定 remained steady/

17、stable; stay the same; little/hardly any /no change 变化程度：sudden/suddenly 突然的，意外的 rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的 steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slig

18、ht/slightly轻微的、略微地 stable/stably 稳定的 表示X围：fromto betweenand for to 多长时间直到 表示程度：almost adv. 几乎，差不多 nearly adv. 几乎，密切地 approximately adv. 近似的，大约 about adv. 附近， 大约，转向，左右，周围 just over 刚超过 over adv. 结束，越过，从头到尾 exactly adv. 正确地，严密地 precisely adv. 正好 精确地；清晰地 比例：20 per cent 20% one in three 1/3 one out of e

19、very four 1/4 三常用词 significant changes 图中一些较大变化 noticeable trend 明显趋势 during the same period 在同一时期 grow/grew 增长 distribute 分布，区别 unequally 不相等地 pronounced 明显的 average 平均 no doubt 无疑地 corresponding adj. 相应的，通讯的 represent vt. 阐述，表现 overall 总体上讲 except 除外 in the case of adv. 在的情况下 in contrast 相反，大不相同 i

20、n conclusion adv. 最后，总之 in parison 相比之下 inversely adv. 相反地，倒转地 in general 通常，大体上，一般而言 rang from excessive adj. 过多的，过分的，额外 lower v.降低，跌落 elapse vi.(时间)过去，消逝 category n.种类 government policy 政府政策 market forces 市场规率 measure n. 尺寸，方法，措施 v.估量，调节 forecast n. 先见，预见 v. 预测1.有用的词上升：increase rise ascend core su

21、rge go up climb mount level up 下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down 平稳:stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动:fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down 占:occupy take up account for gain 而:while however whereas on the other hand actually/in f

22、act 相比:by contract on the contrary likewise pared with 最高点:the highest the top the summit the peak the most 最低点:bottom less least rock bottom 平均:mean average 趋势:tendancy trend inclination 预见:prediction 达到顶峰: mount to 在*中占*:*gain the percentage of 有一个稳定的过程:a stable period can be seen 原则：A.不可能写的很好，关键是

23、要很稳地写清楚。B.概括一些内在关联性或原因推测作为总结以下是引用zxc0470在2004-6-3 23:05:00的发言：1. As is shown by the graph/in the table。(概述图表)正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。As is shown by the graph,there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.2. It can be seen from the table that (得出结论)shown graphc

24、oncluded figuresestimated statisticsA. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal ine of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。It can be concluded from the grap

25、h that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.3. amount to (数量总计)add up toe to sum up to全部费用合计200美元。All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.4. increase from to (数量增减)decreaserisefalldropA. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。The number of colou

26、r TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose , grew , climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。The number of paticipants grew up to 300000 persons = increased , reaching 300000 persons).C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to

27、700 persons.5.(be)three times as + 形容词 + as 总产量 total output 钢的年产量 the annual output of steel上升17% rise by 17percent 日产量 the daily output 导致产量下降 result in a diminished output 现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.6.pared with ,

28、与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。The factory has an output of 9 million cigarettes daily.pared with that of last year,the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.7.There is (was) a rapid rise in be on the risehas been sharp increase on the increasesudden decrease on t

29、he declinesteady declinegradual fallslow dropslight最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.“结尾”段落中常用的句型：1. In my opinion, 2. Personally, I 3. In short (= In brief), 4. In conclusion, 5.As far as Im concerned, 6. To conclude , it seems clear tha

30、t 7.Accordingtothefiguresgiveninthetable,.8.Astudyshowed.9.Asyoumayseefromthediagram,.10.Thetwochartsabovetellussomethingabout.至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。As far as Im concerned ,Im in favour of the former view.Therefore,my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as lon

31、g as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong. =我再补充几点：同学们在选用描述图表变化的动词、名词，介词词组，形容词和程度副词方面要注意是否准确到位和形象。以下一些词汇大家重点揣摩：spiral upward / the demand for talents (fair ) spiraled upward / climbed drastically / soar / surge / experience an explosive growth / an acceleration / swell / manage a mode

32、st ( marginal ) gain / on the rise / on the ascendance / wane / shrink / slump / fall off / drop off / take a dip / take a nose dive / trend (tide ) / sth. continued its upward / downward trend. / reach the plateau / the bottleneck / sth. level off / sth. remains steady / stable / unchanged / consta

33、nt / stay the same / There was a slight drop( fall ) between 2000 / and 2005 / hugely / sharply / dramatically / drastically / substantially / steeply / incredibly / massively / surprisingly / alarmingly / distressingly / slightly / steadily / gradually / marginally / moderately / gently / reach a (

34、 the ) peak / the highest point / A record number of students / reach the nadir / reach the bottom / the rock bottom / experience a moderate fluctuation / swing / 另外，大家仔细研究我下面提供的五种描述图表的句型，在考试的时候如果考到图表作文要会灵活使用。This bar chart describes significant changes in the ownership of houses in a big city in Ch

35、ina. It can be seen from the chart that a very noticeable trend from 1990 to 2000 was the dramatic increase in the private ownership of houses as opposed to the huge drop in the state ownership of houses. In 1990, three out of four houses were state-owned. However, by 2000, the percentage of the own

36、ership of private houses has soared to 80%. The above chart reveals that the huge expansion in the private house ownership has been acpanied by a corresponding fall in the state ownership of houses in a span of a decade. (1990-2000) As is suggested ( unfolded / demonstrated / illustrated / mirrored

37、) in the above chart, with the sharp rise in the private ownership of houses, the state ownership of houses has dramatically ( substantially / alarmingly ) dropped in a passage of a decade. (1990-2000) According to the above chart, there has been a drastic growth in the private ownership of houses,

38、while the state ownership of houses has shrunk steeply over the past decade. ( 1990-2000)From the above chart, we can see distinctly that the private ownership of houses has witnessed an huge rise as distinct from ( as opposed to / in contrast to / in parison with ) the drastic decrease in the state

39、 ownership of houses in a matter of a decade. (1990-2000)对于平稳的趋势的描述，可以使用的动词或动词词组：tohardlychangetohavelittlechangetokeepsteadytolevelofftoremainconstanttostaythesame表程度的副词：1.程度较大：iderablydramaticallyGREatlymarkedlyobviouslyquicklyrapidlysharplysignificantlysuddenly2.程度较小：slightlygraduallyslowlysteadi

40、ly时间的嵌入：嵌入时间时所使用的介词和介词词组：infromtobetween.andduringandatthestartofbytheendofoverattheendofthroughout时间s+具体数据上升和下降趋势的组合描述：1.先上升后下降的句型：.increasedslowlyduringandbutfellsharplyin.Asteadyfallinduringandfollowedthesharpincreasein.2.先下降后上升的句型：fellbeforebegantomakearecoverycontinuetherecovery，climbingtodropp

41、edduringbutincreasedagaininfellandthenpickupduringcollapsedbeforerisingtoattheendof3.起伏波动的句型：fluctuatedsharplyallthrough4.波动不大的句型：hardlychangedthroughtheperiodbetweenand柱状图形的描述转换为线形图形的描述饼状图形的描述对于百分比进行描述所使用的句型：%theis/has/have/areaccountsfor%ofthetotaltakesup%inthewholechart趋势的比较1.表示相似的句型：Bothsharepri

42、cesrosesharplyinJanuary.Neitherpanyhasmadeaprofityet.LikeX，YfellinJune.XrosejustassharplyasY.2.表示差异的句型：Xfellsharplywhereas/whileYremainedsteady.XfellquicklyparedtoY.UnlikeY，Xroseby10%.XrosefarmoredramaticallythanY.3.表示倍数的句型：thedoubled/tripledinparedwiththosein4.客观比较的句型：isincontrastto数据的修饰1.表示不足的词或词组

43、：uptobelowunderalmostnearly2.表示超过的词或词组：overmorethanjustover3.表示大约的词：about第三章写作后的检查检查的四个主要方面：1.标点符号：完全禁用的符号：“”。2.拼写：双写辅音y改成复数3.语法：主谓一致冠词次序介词时态漏词4.可能导致信息表达不清的因素：太长的段落太长的句子运用不常使用的词汇一次包含太多的信息信息不完整信息顺序混乱二、描述具体数据变化increase/decreaseby.increasefrom.to.increasesteadilyfrom.therewasamarkedincreasein.therehasb

44、eenarapidincreasein.anincreaseofdeclinein.fourtimesasmuchas.amounttofallfrom.to.appearstablereach5,000millionin1998continuetogrowhasbeengrowingfasterandfastersince.lessthanuptoparedwithmakeupthenumberof.remanisthesameas.theremaining三、分析原因Therearechieflytworeasonsforthechanges.ismainlycausedby.Thisdi

45、rectlyrelatestotheproblemof(thewordsfood,housing,jobshortage)Whatcausedthesechanges?Thereasonsthatcausedchangesarediverse.Ontheonehand.Ontheotherhand.Therapidgrowthof.owesmuchto.lieinleadto四、总结归纳Throughtheanalysis,wecandrawaconclusionthat.Inshort.Stepsshouldbetakento.Tosolvetheproblemof.,we.Fromallthefactsgivenabove,wecansee.Takingtheadvantageanddisadvantagestogetherintoconsideration,Ibelieve.18 / 18