2017-2018学年高中英语 Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading Pre-reading教学案 外研版必修3

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1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Section Introduction & Reading Pre-readingOne of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (551 BC 479 BC). He sometimes went by the name of Kong Zi though he was born Kong Qiu, styled (命名，称呼) Zhong

2、Ni. He was born in Zouyi (Qufu today) in the state of Lu.Confuciuss father died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty, but Confucius nevertheless (然而) received a fine education. He got married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of

3、a market. Then he got a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district.Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings that helped many people learn about the world, nature, and human behaviour. He also helped

4、the government and the ruler by teaching them lessons on how the ruler should rule his kingdom successfully.It is commonly known that ancient China had a great effect on the world. And many great people and great inventions of ancient China still influence the world.Section_Introduction & Reading Pr

5、ereadingPhilosophers of Ancient ChinaAncient China was a place where states were often at war witheach other. But it was also a timewhen there were many great philosophers. Confucius (551 BC 479 BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, dut

6、y and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Co

7、nfuciuss ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice， he resigned. For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principlesof Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He s

8、pent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called TheBookofMencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and ha

9、ted the state when it treated people badly.be at war with “与交战”，表示处于战争的状态。where states were often at war with each other 是 where 引导的定语从句，修饰 a place, where 在从句中作地点状语。a time 一个时期，一段时间when there were many great philosophers 是 when 引导的定语从句，修饰 a time, when 在从句中作时间状语。whose influence has been the greatest

10、是 whose 引导的定语从句， whose 在从句中作定语。该定语从句使用了现在完成时态。stress/stres/vt.强调order/d/n.秩序be similar to 与相似(to 为介词)those 为替代词，替代前面出现的 teachings, 相当于 the teachings。bring up 养育；抚养was brought up 为被动语态结构position/pzIn/n.职位follow ones advice take ones advice 接受/采纳某人的建议resign/rIzaIn/vt.辞职现在分词短语 teaching . 作伴随状语。principl

11、e/prInspl/n.原则；准则adviser/dvaIz/n.顾问He spent . preparing . 中含有 spend time (in) doing sth. 结构；过去分词短语 called TheBookofMencius 作后置定语，修饰 a book。古代中国的哲学家第12段译文古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。但那也是一个产生了众多伟大哲学家的时期。孔子(公元前551年公元前479年)是影响最大的哲学家。他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受这些思想的影响长达2000多年。孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前372年。他幼年丧父，他母

12、亲把他抚养成人。他成为儒家弟子，后来在一个诸侯国的政府内居要职。然而，当他看到统治者不采纳他的建议时，就辞去了官职。他周游列国多年，传授孔子的思想，后来成了另一位统治者的谋士。他把余生都用来准备写一本关于他学说的书，名为孟子。孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。他告诫人们，假若政府仁慈，人民就会有善行。他认为民贵君轻，憎恨对人民残暴的诸侯国。Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor. He became fam

13、ous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways， his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his tea

14、chings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.influential/Influenl/adj.有影响的found v创立

15、；建立foundfoundedfounded过去分词短语 called Mohism 作后置定语。in some ways 在某些方面belief n信念；相信动词形式是 believe; 反义词为 disbelief。love/lv/n.仁爱look after 照顾；照料第3段译文,墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。他生于公元前476年，出身贫寒。他因不修边幅、行为怪异而闻名。墨子创立了被称为“墨家学说”的哲学理论。他的学说在某些方面和孔子的学说相似。例如，他认为政府是最重要的。因此，他花了许多年的时间试图寻找一个人们愿意遵从他思想的国家。墨子认为，众生平等。他的仁爱思想与孔子的仁爱思想不同。

16、墨子告诫人们要兼爱，要照顾弱者。他憎恨那种战争的观点。墨子于公元前390年去世。Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings.1equalAn.职位2importance Bn.善良3philosophy Cadj.有影响的4kindness Dn.秩序5order Eadj.平等的6principle Fn.原则；准则7position Gn.哲学8stress Hvt.强调9resign Ivi.辞职10influential Jn.重要；重要性15_610_答案：15EJGBD610FAHICLeadinThe

17、following are some beliefs of some great ancient philosophers and match them with their Chinese meanings.1Man is born good._C_2All human beings are equal._F_3The family is important. We are members of a group._B_4Treat others in the way you want to be treated._D_5People are more important than ruler

18、s._A_6We should love all human beings._E_A民贵君轻 B家天下C人性本善 D己所不欲，勿施于人E兼爱 F众生平等Whilereading Fastreading1Find the topic sentence of each paragraph. (1)Para.1AMozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.(2)Para.2BConfucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.(3)Para.3CMencius was a thi

19、nker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.(1)(3)_答案：(1)(3)BCA2Whats the main idea of the text?ATeachings of ancient Chinese thinkers.BThree great philosophers of ancient China.CInteresting stories about the three philosophers.DThe history of ancient Chinese philosophy.答案：BCarefulr

20、eadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1Who had the greatest influence on Chinese society?AMencius.BMozi.CConfucius. DZhuangzi. 2Confucius stressed the importance of the following aspects EXCEPT_.Akindness Bfriendship Corder Dduty3Which statement is NOT true about Mozi?AHe was kn

21、own for his unusual clothes and behavior.BHe hated the idea of war.CAll his beliefs were the same as those of Confucius.DHe believed all men were equal.4“If the government was kind, then people would be good.” is the teaching of _.AMencius BConfuciusCMozi DXunzi 5Menciuss teachings were very similar

22、 to those of _.AConfucius BXunziCZhuangzi DMozi 6Which shows Mozis belief was similar to that of Confucius?AWe should love all human beings.BThe government shouldnt treat people badly.CWe should look after those who are weaker than ourselves.DThe government is most important.答案：16CBCAADStudyreadingA

23、nalyze the following difficult sentences in the text. 1Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.句式分析尝试翻译孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。2He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.句式分析本句是并列句。and 连接 be

24、lieved 和 hated 两个谓语，前一分句是 that 引导的宾语从句，后一分句含有 when 引导的时间状语从句。尝试翻译他认为民贵君轻，憎恨对人民残暴的诸侯国。.阅读理解AKong Zi, also called Confucius (551479 BC.), and Socrates (469399 BC.) lived only a hundred years apart. During their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at h

25、ow the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek cityst

26、ates were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge fo

27、r its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service.Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life. “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all

28、 men were equal at birth, though some had more potential (潜能) than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others d

29、id. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than p

30、olitical relations.Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.语篇解读：本文主要是阐述孔子与苏格拉底两位伟大哲学家的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同。1Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?ASocrates and Confucius had much in common.BConfucius had much influence on Socrates ideas.CT

31、he societies were influenced by the philosophers ideas.DThere were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句后半句“. and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.”可知C项正确。2Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that_.Aall men were equal when they were bornBthe lower clas

32、ses should be ruled by the upper classCthe purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdomDpeople should not do to others what they did not want others to do to them解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.”可以判断。3What made some peo

33、ple different from others according to Confucius?AFamily.BPotential.CKnowledge. DCommunity.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“. and that it was knowledge that set men apart.”可以判断。4This passage is organized in the pattern of _.Atime and eventsBcomparison and contrastCcause and effectDdefinition and classification解析

34、：选B篇章结构题。文章的谋篇布局主要是以比较和对照来阐述两位伟大哲学家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同的。故B项正确。BScience, as we think, was born when the Greek philosopher Thales (about 640546 BC.) asked a difficult question: What makes up our universe?No one had a ready answer, so Thales went on studying the earth around him, the sky and

35、 the stars. He saw so much water on earth and so much water falling from the sky as rain that he decided water must be the basic substance (物质) of the universe.Other Greek thinkers became interested in this question. They suggested other answers. One said that because air lies around the earth, it m

36、ust be air that makes up all things. Another said that fire, appearing in different forms, was the building block of the universe.The Greek philosophers were feeling their way towards the ideas on which chemistry is based. Centuries later, scientists proved that the universe is made up of certain ba

37、sic substances. But the list is much more complicated than the Greeks realized. We now know of 103 basic substances which we call “elements (元素)”语篇解读：本文讲述了希腊的哲学家在很早的时候就对宇宙的组成物质有所研究。他们通过研究发现因为水、火和空气始终伴随着宇宙，认为它们是宇宙的基本组成物质。在后来人的研究中确实发现希腊的哲学家所说的宇宙是由基本物质组成的观点是对的，只不过不是三种而是103种基本物质组成的。5Thales, the famous G

38、reek philosopher, died when he was about_.A94 years old B106 years oldC40 years old D46 years old解析：选A数字计算题。根据“Thales (about 640546 BC.)”两数相减得知选A。6The meaning of the underlined word “complicated” in the last paragraph is “_”Anot difficult Bnot simpleCnot famous Dnot different解析：选B词义猜测题。根据“We now kno

39、w of 103 basic substances which we call elements (元素)”我们现在知道宇宙是由103种基本物质组成，所以清单上列出的肯定比希腊哲学家发现的复杂得多，故选B。7From the passage we know that _.AThales asked many questionsBGreeks were all philosophersCscience began long agoDwater and air make up all things解析：选C细节理解题。根据希腊哲学家关于宇宙的研究可知，科学出现的很早，故选C8After readi

40、ng the passage, we can be sure that_.Anothing ever changes in the universeBThales decided that the basic substance of the universe was airCthe universe is made up of four different substancesDthe early Greek thinkers did much valuable work for the progress of science解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The Greek phil

41、osophers . made up of certain basic substances.”后来的人根据希腊哲学家的研究继续从事研究发现宇宙确实是由一些基本物质构成的，故选D。C“This isnt Disneyland, Im not a novelty, this is as real as it gets，” sing The Sisters of Invention.The young women Annika, Michelle, Jackie, Aimee and Caroline are a pop group with a difference. All have lear

42、ning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.The five are based in Adelaide, Australia, and met in 2010 when they sang together in a choir (合唱队) run by Tutti, an organization which supports disabled artists. Tutti saw they had talent and invited them to form a group. Now they perform together

43、two or three times per month, and this is how they make a living.Michelle is 25 and has cerebral palsy (脑瘫) and a mild learning disability. She says, “We choose the name The Sisters of Invention because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage. For the invention part, we are tr

44、ying to change peoples view of people with disabilities. We are reinventing the rules.”All their songs are based on the members own experiences and were written as a group in their twice weekly meetings at Tutti. “We would arrive in the morning and Id say, What do you want to talk about today？” says

45、 their manager and producer Michael Ross. He then noted down everything they said until lyrics took shape. Ross says that putting “their truth” out there is important. He says, “What Im interested in is that we get to see the world in a way that people in pop culture almost never get to see. It is c

46、reative gold.”When they perform their songs, the physical side of their disabilities is more obvious, but Ross says, “Theyre not up there to show their barriers or difficulties. Theyre up there to show their strengths.”语篇解读：本文为记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。9What do we know about The Sisters

47、 of Invention?AAll its members are disabled.BIt was founded all by five girls.CIt has existed for less than ten years.DThey perform not in order to make money.解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段“All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。10The girls choose the name The Siste

48、rs of Invention because _.Athey all have great talentBthey help each other like sistersCthey have the same experiencesDthey are good at inventing things解析：选B细节理解题。由第四段“.because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage.”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。11How does Michael Ross prod

49、uce lyrics for The Sisters of Invention?ABy talking with the girls.BBy asking the girls questions.CBy learning about pop culture.DBy using his personal experiences.解析：选A细节理解题。由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。12How do audiences probably feel watching the performances of The Sisters of Invention?AThey wil

50、l feel bored.BThey will be inspired.CThey will feel disappointed.DThey will have pity on them.解析：选B推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，尽管五个姐妹在演出时残疾暴露得更明显，但她们意在向人们展现自己的力量。.阅读七选五Love and Friendship They are both so much related to each other. And both are so dissimilar! What are the difference between friendship and love?

51、 Is platonic (柏拉图式的) friendship possible between persons of the opposite sex？_1_What is friendship? Why do we call a person our friend? When do we call someone a very good friend? If we care for a person, if we are always ready to help that person and if we share most of our thoughts with a person,

52、they are our good friends. We can always count upon our good friends in an emergency. We are always sure that our friends will understand why we acted in a certain way. _2_The friendship is so deep and the relationship is so intimate, that most of the things automatically understood by our friends._

53、3_In a relationship of deep love, all the sharing that we discussed above is taken for granted. But love transcends (超出) all this. During love, we are attached with a particular person, while in friendship, one may have many friends. A loving relationship makes one so much attached to the other that

54、 one gets pained if his/her beloved is hurt! Love also involves a physical element._4_This is a vital difference. Nature gives us love so that the species can go forward. Nature does not give us friendship.Your heart beats will never increase in anticipation of meeting your friend._5_You will not fe

55、el totally lost if you dont meet your friend for a few days. You will not have dreams in your eyes thinking about your friendship. AWhat about love?BMy answer is “Yes！”CLet us try and understand.DFriendship does not have that.EWe need not explain anything to our very good friends.FYou will not lie awake at night thinking about your friend.GThe physical element may include hand in hand while walking. 答案：15CEADF 12