2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题43（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题You should know better than（ ） your little sister at home by herself.问题1选项A.to leaveB.leavingC.to have leftD.left【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。know better than to do “不至于不知道”。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Bob was not a （ ）man who never made a quick decision about anything.问题1选项A.boldB.reckless

2、C.deliberateD.rash【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bold “大胆的，英勇的”；reckless “鲁莽的，不顾后果的”； deliberate “故意的，深思熟虑的”；rash “轻率的，鲁莽的”。句意：Bob不是那种在做决定之前多加思考的人。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题In the end, the police had to（ ） to force in order to break up the crowd.问题1选项A.confineB.withdrawC.employD.appeal【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confine “限制；禁闭”； wit

3、hdraw “撤退；离开；收回”；employ “使用，采用；雇用”；appeal “呼吁；上诉；诉诸于”。句意：最后，警察为了驱散人群只能诉诸于武力。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题You must remember not to（ ） from the point when you write an essay.问题1选项A.go astrayB.wanderC.divergeD.go off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析、动词词义辨析。go astray “走入歧途；迷路”；wander “徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge “分化；分歧，相异；偏离”；go off “离开，进行；变质”

4、。句意：你必须记住当你写论文的时候不要偏离主题。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Most of the leading food shops have promised to（ ） prices until after the new year.问题1选项A.keep offB.keep downC.keep outD.keep back【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。keep off “让开，不接近”；keep down “控制，缩减”；keep out “阻止进入”；keep back “留下；隐瞒；阻止”。句意：大部分大食品商店都承诺在新年之前保持低价。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题The

5、（ ） prevents the people in the two neighboring nations from living in peace.问题1选项A.brevityB.amenityC.enmityD.fidelity【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。brevity “简洁”；amenity “舒适，愉悦”；enmity “敌意，憎恨”；fidelity “忠诚”。题干中提到有一种东西会阻止两邻国友好相处，这种东西很明显是enmity，选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Commercial banks made most of their income from interest

6、（ ）on loans andinvestments and bonds.问题1选项A.earningB.earnedC.to earnD.was earned【答案】B【解析】考查分词做定语。句意：商业银行主要从贷款、投资和债券中获得利息。这里 interest 是被赚，是一个被动含义，所以应该用过去分词来做后置定语。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题The boy answered all my questions with complete （ ）.问题1选项A.insuranceB.securityC.assuranceD.safety【答案】C【解析】考察名词词义辨析。insurance“

7、保险，保险费”；security“安全，保证”；assurance “保证，担保，确信”；safety “安全，保险”。句意：这个小男孩自信地回答了我所有的问题。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Many years ago, a lot of factories were（ ） from big cities to the mountainous areas in case of war.问题1选项A.transferredB.transformedC.transmittedD.transported【答案】A【解析】考查形似动词词义辨析。transfer “转移；调任”；transform “改

8、变，使 变形；转换”；transmit “传输；传播”；transport “运输；运送”。句意：很多年前，如果有战争，大量的工厂就会从大城市被转移到山区。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The storm was（ ） and changed course constantly at sea at that time.问题1选项A.chasteB.candidC.chaoticD.cardinal【答案】C【解析】考查形近形容词词义辨析。chaste “纯洁的，贞洁的”；candid “公正的，直率的”；chaotic “混乱的，无秩序的”；cardinal “主要的，基本的”。根据句意“暴风

9、雨时常改变方向”可知它是无秩序的，所以选项C符合题意。11. 单选题America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it （ ）before the West was settled.问题1选项A.couldB.didC.wouldD.was【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。根据句意可知空白处是指代前面的动词have，并且是过去时态，所以选项B符合题意。12. 单选题It is a common theme of many science fiction stories that the world may

10、 one day be （ ）by beings from the outer space.问题1选项A.run overB.filled inC.taken overD.broken in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。run over “辗过；溢出”；fill in “填写；填充；替代”；take over “接管；接收”；broke in “打断；闯入”。句意：科幻小说共有的一个主题是总有一天世界可能被外星人接管。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Prof. Flynn found no students in the lecture hall when he arrived. Only

11、 then did he realize that he came（ ） early.问题1选项A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。Too much “太多”，为形容词短语，修饰名词；much too “太 ，非常 ”，为副词短语，修饰形容词或者副词；so much “这么”，副词短语，放在动词后修饰动词，或者作形容词短语修饰名词；mush so 这个短语不存在。句意：Flynn教授到达阶梯教室时没有看见一个学生。直到那时他才意识到他来得太早了。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题The Internet began in th

12、e 1960s as a small network of academic and government computers primarily involved in research for the U. S. Military. Originally limited to researchers at a handful of universities and government facilities, the Internet has quickly become a worldwide network providing users with information on a r

13、ange of subjects and allowing them to purchase goods directly from companies via computer. By 1999, 84 million U.S. citizens had access to the Internet at home or work. More and more Americans are paying bills, shopping, ordering airline tickets, and purchasing stocks via computer over the Internet.

14、Internet banking is also becoming increasingly popular. With lower overhead costs in terms of staffing and office space, Internet banks are able to offer higher interest rates on deposits and charge lower rates on loans than traditional banks. Brick and mortar banks are increasingly offering online

15、banking services via transactional websites to complement their traditional services. At present, 14 percent of Internet households conduct their banking by means of the Internet, and the figure is expected to double or triple during the next two or three years.Increasing commercial use of the Inter

16、net has heightened security and privacy concerns. With a credit or debit card, an Internet user can order almost anything from an Internet site and have it delivered to their home or office. Companies doing business over the Internet need sophisticated security measures to protect credit card, bank

17、account, and social security numbers from unauthorized access as they pass across the Internet. Any organization that connects its networks to the global Internet must carefully control the access point to ensure that outsiders cannot disrupt the organizations internal networks or gain unauthorized

18、access to the organizations computer systems and data.1.According to the text, Internet banking（ ） .2.The term “brick and mortar banks”(Line3, Para. 2) refers to（ ） .3.The last sentence of the third paragraph tells us that（ ） .4.What is this text mainly about?5.Which commercial usage of the Internet

19、 does the author NOT refer to?问题1选项A.requires minimal usage feesB.offers price advantages to usersC.is more efficient than traditional bankingD.is environmentally-conscious问题2选项A.banks with dependable reputationB.banks with competitive interest ratesC.banks with traditional walk-in servicesD.banks w

20、ith reliable on-line services问题3选项A.any organizations networks may be at risk of security breachesB.current technology cannot safeguard against unauthorized access to online networksC.information security should be a pressing concern for Internet commerceD.organizations must secure their networks an

21、d data against unauthorized use问题4选项A.Conveniences brought to consumers through use of the Internet.B.Implications of increasing commercial use of the Internet.C.Security risks posed by commercial use of the InternetD.Advantages of Internet banking versus traditional banking问题5选项A.Buying airline tic

22、kets.B.Trading stocks.C.Applying for a credit cardD.Opening a bank account.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.文章第二段Internet banks are able to offer higher interest rates on deposits and charge lower rates on loans than traditional banks提到网上银行存款利率更高，贷款利率较低，选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段Brick and mortar banks are in

23、creasingly offering online banking services via transactional websites to complement their traditional services 提到这类银行就是通过交易性网站提供在线银行服务，来补足它们的传统服务。选项C “提供传统的进入店面服务的银行”符合题意。3.文章第三段最后一句Any organization that connects its networks to the global Internet must carefully control the access point to ensure

24、that outsiders cannot disrupt the organizations internal networks or gain unauthorized access to the organizations computer systems and data 提到自身网络连接到全球网络的任何一个机构必须小心地控制接入点，来确保外人不能破坏该机构的内部网络或未经授权地访问该机构的计算机系统和数据。选项D符合题意。4.文章主要讲述了互联网的发展给人们的生活带来了便利，人们可以进行网上购物、支付账单等，基于物联网的网上银行相比传统银行更有价格优势（存款利率变高，取款利率变低），

25、但是物联网的使用也有亟待提高的地方：安全和隐私问题。选项B符合题意。5.文章第一段最后一句More and more Americans are paying bills, shopping, ordering airline tickets, and purchasing stocks via computer over the Internet 提及到了购买机票，交易股票，选项A与B可以排除；文章第二段第一句提到了“开立银行账户”，所以选项D可以排除。因此，选项C符合题意。15. 单选题Hard work and malnutrition （ ）his health and he look

26、ed thin and pale.问题1选项A.impairedB.promotedC.acceleratedD.smashed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。impair “损害”；promote “促进”；accelerate “加速”；smash “击碎，撞击”。句意：繁重的工作以及营养不良损害了他的健康，他看起来瘦弱，脸色苍白。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题Before he went to Japan on a business trip, Mr. Henry had （ ）the day-to-day management of his company to his son.问

27、题1选项A.turned upB.turned overC.turned toD.turned into【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turned up“出现”；turned over “翻转，移交给”；turned to “转向”；turned into “变成”。句意：在亨利先生前往日本出差前，他把公司的日常管理权移交给他的儿子。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题The roof（ ） under the weight of the snow.问题1选项A.fellB.submergedC.collapsedD.descended【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fall “跌下，掉落

28、”；submerge “淹没，沉浸”；collapse “倒塌”；descend “下降，下去”。句意：在大雪的压迫下，房顶坍塌了。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题Leaves that fall from trees eventually（ ） and turn into soil.问题1选项A.contractB.decayC.fadeD.wither【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contract“合同，婚约”; decay “腐烂，腐朽”; fade “淡出”； wither “凋谢，衰弱”。句意：树叶终将从树上飘落，腐烂后化作泥土。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题Hill slope

29、s were cleared of forests to make way for crops, which now only （ ）the crisis.问题1选项A.acceleratesB.prevailsC.ascendsD.precedes【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Accelerate “加速，促进”；prevail “流行，占上风”；ascend “上升”；precede “领先”。根据句意“山坡上的树木因为要种庄稼而被砍伐”，因而加速了这个危机。选项A符合题意。20. 单选题The case for college has been accepted without q

30、uestion for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who dont go.But college has never been able to wo

31、rk its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who dont fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis;college students interfere with each others experiments and write false le

32、tters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves they are spoiled and they are expecting too much.

33、 But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and does not explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cannot absorb an army of untrained 18- year-olds. But disapp

34、ointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained 22- year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. W

35、e may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college does not make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things maybe its just the other way around, and intel

36、ligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are only the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy （异端邪说）to those of us who have been b

37、rought up to believe that if little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1.According to the passage, the author believes that（ ）2.In the Line 2, the 2nd paragraph, “those who dont fit the pattern” refers to（ ）3.The drop-out rate of college stu

38、dents seems to go up because（ ）4.According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that（ ）5.In this passage the author argues that（ ） .问题1选项A.people used to question the value of college educationB.people used to have full confidence in higher educationC.all high

39、school graduates went to collegeD.very few high school graduates chose to go to college问题2选项A.high-school graduates who arent suitable for college educationB.college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxisC.college students who arent any better for their higher educationD.High school gradu

40、ates who failed to be admitted to college问题3选项A.young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at collegeB.many young people are required to join the armyC.young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher educationD.young people dont like the intense competition for admi

41、ssion to graduate school问题4选项A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduatesB.high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college educationC.too many students have to earn their own livingD.college administrators encourage students to drop out问题5选项A.more and more evid

42、ence shows college education may not be the best thing for high schoolgraduatesB.college education is not enough if one wants to be successfulC.college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and quick-learning peopleD.intelligent people may learn quicker if they dont go to college【答案】第1

43、题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段提到不止一代人认为接受大学教育是无可争议的，所有高中毕业生都应该去上大学，因为大学会让他们赚更多的钱，成为更好的人。选项B说过去的人们对高等教育充满信心，符合题意。2.第二段第二句话的前半句 And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending “既然有差不多一半的高中生都去上大学”，pattern 在这里显然就是指第一段提到的“上大学能让自己变好，赚更多钱”这个模式，don fit the pattern就是与之相反的，就是上大学并没有使他们变好

44、，所以选项C符合题意。3.文章第二段 others find no simulation in their studies, and drop out 是学生辍学的原因，因为他们找不到学习的动力，选项C符合题意。4.文章第三段主要讲高等教育失败的原因，既有个人的原因，也有社会的原因。Weve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy cannot absorb an army of untrained 18- year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained 22-year-olds, either. 这句话主要表达的意思是社会无法给毕业生提供就业岗位，所以选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到一些敢于挑战传统的教育家和校园观察员公开建议说大学也许不是那些完成高中课程的年轻人最合适的唯一的去处，尽管这种想法被认为是异端邪说，但是已经有越来越多的证据来证明其正确性。所以选项A符合题意。