2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前模拟强化练习题31（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Any driver stopped by the police for some minor traffic（ ）can be asked to take test for alcoholic drinking.问题1选项A.violationB.accidentC.congestionD.devastation【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项violation“违反，妨碍”；B选项accident“事故，意外”；C选项congestion“拥挤”；D选项devastation“毁坏”。句意：任何因轻微交通违规而

2、被警察拦下的司机都可能被要求参加酒精测试。选项A符合语境。2. 单选题A large building may have a heating（ ）by which all the room are steam-heated.问题1选项A.applianceB.apparatusC.furnitureD.equipment【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项appliance“器械，装置”，侧重指家用机器或设备，尤指家用电器；B选项apparatus“设备，仪器”，一般指复杂的仪器设备；C选项furniture“家具”；D选项equipment“设备，器材”，多指成套的或重型的设备或装备。句意

3、：大建筑物可能会有暖气设备，所有的房间都是通过蒸汽加热。选项B更符合语境。3. 翻译题Put the following passages into Chinese:It is not possible for a mere award of money to put him in the position he would have enjoyed had the bargain been performed. The bargain must therefore be performed. But the courts rarely compel the specific performa

4、nce of a contract, save where it is one for the sale of real estate, since every parcel of real property is deemed to be unique, special, and uniquely valuable to its owner. There are other kinds of contracts that can be specifically enforced, but their number is limited and dwindling in an unsentim

5、ental, commercial world in which the payment of money is usually deemed the proper remedy for every loss or disappointment suffered. Under certain circumstances, an aggrieved party can avoid a contract that he previously agreed to make. This is known as rescission or avoidance of the contract. By th

6、is relief, the parties are to be placed in the position in which they found themselves before the contract was made.Litigants have mutual incentives to save on litigation costs by settling out of court. They avoid uncertain trial outcomes and delays and can agree to keep settlements confidential. In

7、 some cases, settlements may be reached through alternative methods of dispute resolution, such as voluntary arbitration or mediation Generally, details of civil disputes settled before a trial are not reported to the courts and hence are not included in publicly available data Those data therefore

8、show only part of the picturethere may be important differences between cases that go to trial and cases that settle out of court. For example, cases that go to trial probably involve larger dollar amounts, on average. Nevertheless, trial verdicts set precedents for all cases and thus affect the inc

9、entive to settle by signaling the value and probability of success to future litigants.【答案】仅仅是金钱判决不可能让他享有履行协议而带来的处境。因此，协议必须履行。但是，法院很少会强制协议的具体实施，除非协议是针对不动产的出售，因为每一份不动产对它的所有者而言被认为是独特的、特殊的和具有特别价值的。也有另外一些可以具体地被强制执行的协议，然而，在金钱经常被视为弥补所遭受损失或失望的合理手段的这个无情的商业世界里，这类协议的数量是有限的并一直在减少。在某些情况下，受侵害的一方可以废止自己先前同意签订的协议。这

10、被称为解除或废止协议。通过这种补救方法，协议各方发现他们自己处于协议签订之前的境地。诉讼当事人都有通过庭外和解的方式去节约诉讼成本的动机。通过该方式，他们避免不确定的审判结果与延期，并且可以同意保密和解协议。在一些情况下，和解协议可能通过替代性纠纷解决方法来达成，比如自愿仲裁或调解。一般情况下，和解的民事纠纷细节在审判前不会呈上法庭，因此它们不包含在公开信息中。因此，那些公开信息仅仅展现了所有案件的一部分法庭审判的案件和庭外和解的案件间可能存在巨大的差异。比如，一般来说，法庭审判的案件很可能牵涉更多的金钱数量。然而，审判裁决为所有的案件开创了先例，因此，它们通过示意利害关系及胜诉的可能性，影响

11、了今后诉讼当事人去解决纠纷的动机。4. 单选题Oscar Wilde said that work is the refuge of people who have nothing better to do. If so, Americans are now among the worlds saddest refugees. Factory workers in the United States are working longer hours than at any time in the past half-century. America once led the rich worl

12、d in cutting the average working week-from 70 hours in 1850 to less than 40 hours by the 1950s. It seemed natural that as people grew richer they would trade extras earnings for more leisure. Since the 1970s, however, the hours clocked up by American workers have risen to an average of 42 this year

13、in manufacturing.Several studies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufacturing: Americans are spending more time at work than they did 20 years ago. Executives and lawyers boast of 80-hour weeks. On holiday, they seek out fax machines and phones as eagerly as Germans bag the best

14、 sun-loungers. Yet working time in Europe and Japan continues to fall. In Germanys engineering industry the working week is to be trimmed from 36 to 35 hours next year Most Germans get six weeks paid annual holiday, even the Japanese now take three weeks. Americans still make do with just two.German

15、y responds to this contrast with its usual concern about whether peoples aversion to work is damaging its competitiveness. Yet German workers, like the Japanese, seem to be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work. The puzzle is wh

16、y America, the worlds richest country, sees things differently. It is a puzzle with sinister social implications. Parents spend less time with their children who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise?Some explanations for Americas time at w

17、ork fail to stand up to scrutiny. One blames weak trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation. Are workers being forced by cost-cutting firms to toil harder just to keep their jobs? A recent study by two American economists, Richard Freeman and Linda Bell, suggests not: when asked, American

18、s actually want to work longer hours. Most German workers, in contrast, would rather work less.Then, why do Americans want to work harder? One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans have been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People work longer merely to maintain their

19、 living standards. Yet many higher skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increases in their real pay, have been working harder too. Also, one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth in employment-which is more or less where the argument began.Taxes may have something to do with

20、 it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany. Falls in marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have made it all the more profitable to work longer.None of these answers really explains why the century-long decline i

21、n working hours has gone into reverse in America but not elsewhere (though Britain show signs of following Americas lead). Perhaps cultural differences - the last refuge of the defeated economists- are at play. Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide for their basic nee

22、ds and allow for a few luxuries, their incentive to work would be eroded, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertising than lions. Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that “basic needs” - for a shower with built-in TV, for a rocket-propelled carexpand continuousl

23、y. Shopping is already one of Americas most popular pastimes. But it requires moneyhence more work and less leisure. Or try this, the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out by strikes. Perhaps Wilde was right. Maybe Americans have nothing better to do.1.In the Unit

24、ed States, working longer hours is（ ）.2.According to the third paragraph, which might be one of the consequences of working longer hours?3.Which of the following is the cause of working longer hours stated by the writer?问题1选项A.confined to the manufacturing industryB.a traditional practice in some se

25、ctorsC.prevalent in all sectors of societyD.favored by the economists问题2选项A.Rise in employees working efficiencyB.Rise in the number of young offendersC.Rise in peoples living standardsD.Rise in competitiveness问题3选项A.Expansion of basic needsB.Cultural differencesC.Increase in real earningsD.Advertis

26、ing【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“Several studies suggest that something similar is happening outside manufacturing:.几项研究表明，制造业以外也在发生类似的事情:.”也就是说，除了制造业，美国其他行业里工作时间也很长，所以选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第三段最后两句“Parents spend less time with their children who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a

27、 coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise? 父母花在孩子身上的时间更少，他们（孩子）可能会被长时间的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趋势，这仅仅是个巧合吗?”由此可知，长时间工作的结果将会导致青少年犯罪数量的增加。选项B符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容“这些答案都不能真正解释为什么美国的工作时间长达一个世纪的下降趋势已经逆转，而其他地方却没有(尽管英国有迹象表明正在步美国的后尘)。也许文化差异失败经济学家的最后避难所正在发挥作用。”这里提到文化差异的问题，但这并不是美国人长时间工作的原因。下文提到“Economists used to

28、 believe that once workers earned enough to provide for their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries,.经济学家过去认为，一旦工人挣到足够的钱来满足他们的基本需求和一些奢侈品.”由此可知，真正的原因是为了扩大基本需求，所以选项A正确。5. 单选题“Museum” is a slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festi

29、val or even a textbook. Both Platos Academy and Aristotles Lyceum had a mouseion. a muses shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many templesnotably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit)-had collections of objects, some of which were work

30、s of art by well-known masters. While paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly G

31、reek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant Muses shrine.The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger

32、 churches and monasterieswhich focused on the goldenshrined, bejeweled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, mid later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and

33、 so on. They also included coins and gemsoften antique engraved onesas well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculp

34、tures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not “collected” either, but “site-specific”, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them-and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of anti

35、quity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden

36、 near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early “inspirational” collections. Soon they multiplied, and gradually, exemplary modem” works were also added to such galleries.In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so wi

37、despread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarian

38、s to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding tool off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, t

39、he Museum-1nsel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Ktmsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of improving collections.

40、 The Victoria and Albert Museum in London was the most famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.1.The sentence Museum is a slippery word in the first paragraph means that（ ）.2.The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from（ ）.3.the skill of the fakers grew increasingly

41、 refined in the third paragraph means that（ ）.4.Paintings and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were（ ）.5.Modern museums come into existence in order to（ ）.6.Which is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.the meaning of the word didnt change until after the 15th centuryB.the meanin

42、g of the word had changed over the yearsC.the Greeks held different concepts from the RomansD.princes and merchants added paintings to their collections问题2选项A.the RomansB.FlorenceC.OlympiaD.Greek问题3选项A.there was a great demand for fakersB.fakers grew rapidly in numberC.fakers became more skillfulD.f

43、akers became more polite问题4选项A.collected from elsewhereB.made part of the buildingsC.donated by peopleD.bought by churches问题5选项A.protect royal and church treasuresB.improve existing collectionsC.stimulate public interestD.raise more funds问题6选项A.Collection and collectorsB.The evolution of museumsC.Mo

44、dem museums and their functionsD.The birth of museums【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。slippery意为狡猾的，不稳定的。再根据下文的内容可以推测，这里是指它的意思多年来已经改变了。所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook.它最初的意思是(

45、在希腊语中)献给缪斯女神的任何东西：一座小山、一座神殿、一座花园、一个节日，甚至是一本教科书。”由此可知选项D正确。3.语义题。根据原文句意：随着它们的增加和扩大，作为补充，造假者的技艺变得越来越精湛。选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“they were not collected either, but site-specific, and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings.”它们不是被“收藏”，而是“特定场地的”，被认为是建筑不可或缺的一部分。选项B符合原文。5.判断推理

46、题。根据最后一段中“the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries.”对皇室和教堂遗迹的愤怒促使古物学家把它们（文物）藏在避难所的陈列室里。由此可知，是为了保护皇家和教堂的财富，选项A符合原文。6.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是“museum”一词的变化过程，所以选项B最能概括全文。6. 翻译题We must continue with the reform in tax and fee in rural areas to l

47、ighten the burdens of farmers and protect their interests.China does not seek hegemony or predominance in world affairs. It advocates a new international political and economic order.If we do not crack down on corruption, the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people will suffer a lot an

48、d the Party will be in danger of losing its ruling position, or possibly heading for self-destruction.Nobody in any sector, public or private, should offer benefits unless for a good reason.Dams are a dramatic example of a human activity that degrades freshwater ecosystems.【答案】为了减轻农民的负担和保护他们的利益，我们一定

49、要继续进行农村税费改革。中国在世界事务中不谋求霸权或主导地位。它主张一个新的国际政治和经济秩序。如果我们不打击腐败，那么党和人们之间的血肉联系将会深受其害，并且党将会处于失去其执政地位的危险之中或可能走向自我毁灭。除非有正当的理由，否则任何部门(公共的或私人的)没有人应该提供福利。水坝是人类活动使淡水生态系统退化的一个引人注目的例子。7. 单选题Despite their good service; most inns are less costly than hotels of（ ） standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案

50、】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项equivalent“相等的”；B选项alike“相似的”；C选项uniform“统一的”；D选项likely“可能的”。句意：尽管他们的服务好；但相对于同等标准的旅馆来说，大多数旅馆都更便宜。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题John failed in the final examination because he was（ ） to the teachers advice.问题1选项A.immuneB.indifferentC.ignorantD.informed【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项immune“免疫的”；B选项indifferent“冷淡的

51、，不关心的”；C选项ignorant“无知的，愚昧的”；D选项inform“通知，告发”。句意：John期末考试不及格，因为他不听老师的劝告。be indifferent to知“不在乎，对漠不关心”，所以选项B符合句意。9. 单选题He tried to wave aside these issues as（ ）details that would be settled later after he finished dealing with the important ones.问题1选项A.versatileB.trivialC.preliminaryD.alternate【答案】B【解

52、析】形容词辨析题。A选项versatile“通用的，多才多艺的”；B选项trivial“琐碎的”；C选项preliminary“初步的”；D选项alternate“交替的，轮流的”。句意：他试图把这些问题当作鸡毛蒜皮的小事置之不理，等他处理完重要的问题后再解决。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Whether their football team will win is a matter of（ ） to me.问题1选项A.indifferenceB.discriminationC.deviationD.interests【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference“漠不关心，

53、冷淡，不重视”；B选项discrimination“歧视，差别”；C选项deviation“偏差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否会赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题Only a（ ）person would believe such an unlikely story about flying saucers.问题1选项A.credibleB.credulousC.nonsensicalD.creditable【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项credible“可靠的，可信的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项nonsen

54、sical“无意义的，荒谬的”；D选项creditable“值得称赞的”。句意：只有易受骗的人才会相信这样一个关于飞碟的不大可能的故事。选项B符合语境。12. 单选题His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of（ ） for his lameness and inability to play active games.问题1选项A.remedyB.compensationC.treatmentD.comfort【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项remedy“补救”；B选项compensation“补偿，报酬”；C选项tre

55、atment“治疗，处理”；D选项comfort“安慰，舒适”。句意：他的父母给了他许多昂贵的玩具，作为他跛脚而不能玩活动类游戏的某种补偿。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题The fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, in the early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and then again as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go

56、once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But

57、he made no account of this.The trees on the wood edge were a darkish, brownish green in the full lightfor it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copper-like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light

58、. The fowls were round aboutthe ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distanceand she did not hear. What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it wer

59、e, held back.She lowered her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spellboundshe knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he has not dau

60、nted.She struggled, confusedly she came to herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather, she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, soft

61、ly, soft as the wind.She put her gun to her shoulder, but even then pursed her mouth, knowing it was nonsense to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly, pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What s

62、he would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither.As soon as supp

63、er was over, she rose again to go out, without saying why. She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyes upon her, and his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not so much think of him: she was possessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashed eye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the greyish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder a