2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题91（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 填空题People are most likely to say they have been dreaming if they are awakened during a period of so-called rapid eye movement, at this time distinctive changes in brain activity are observable. A B C D【答案】D this改为which【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】D部分引导定语从句，对rapid eye moveme

2、nt进行修饰，D部分在从句中充当状语，this不能引导从句，which代表物，可以在这里引导从句。【句意】如果人们在所谓的眼球快速运动时期醒来，可以观察到大脑活动的显著变化，那么他们最有可能说自己一直在做梦。2. 单选题This third pattern can be used by moderately autonomous departments in an enterprise that wants to share its services with other departments.问题1选项A.independentB.cooperativeC.productiveD.supp

3、ortive【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. independent 独立的，自主的，自治的 B. cooperative 合作的，协作的C. productive 有效益的，富有成效的 D. supportive 给予帮助的，支持的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】autonomous的意思为“自治的，有自治权的”，这里指的是企业中适度自治的部门，independent与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】第三种模式可以使用于企业中适度自治并且希望与其他部门共享服务的部门。3. 单选题Part of the motivation for

4、exploring the Kuiper Belt was the recognition of just how little we know about this cold, dark region at the fringe of our solar system.问题1选项A.coreB.edgeC.visionD.formation【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. core （物体的）中心部分 B. edge边，边缘C. vision 视力，视野 D. formation 组成，形成【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】fringe的意思为“（地区或群体的）边缘”，这里指的是对

5、太阳系的边缘了解不多，edge与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】探索柯伊伯带的部分动机是意识到我们对太阳系边缘这片寒冷、黑暗的区域知之甚少。4. 单选题Claims left behind in bankruptcy generally have only a _ chance of being paid, since they are unsecured and not backed by assets.问题1选项A.slenderB.slimC.sizableD.spare【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. slender 微薄的，不足的（数量

6、或尺寸） B. slim 微薄的，不足的（没有想要的、期待的那么大） （a slim chance 机会渺茫）C. sizable 相当大的 D. spare 不用的，闲置的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词since，可知句子前后表示因果关系，因为在破产中遗留下来的债权没有担保和资金支持，所以得到偿付的机会_，slim符合语境，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合相应的逻辑关系。【句意】在破产中遗留下来的债权通常只有很小的机会得到偿付，因为它们没有担保，也没有资产支持。5. 填空题All populations contain some _ in trait

7、s. In humans, for example, some people are tall, some are short, and some are of medium height. (vary)【答案】variation【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】根据关键词some，可知横线处为名词。根据关键词for example，可知两个句子是例证关系，指的是同一个族群有不同特点，variation的意思为“变异的东西，变种”，符合语境。【句意】所有族群在性状上都有一些变异。以人类为例，有些人高，有些人矮，有些人中等身高。6. 填空题“The IAEA should positively

8、 clarify relevant problems by cooperating with Iran in a fair and _ manner” and “Iran should be flexible and sincere when cooperating with the IAEA,” Xinhua reported, citing Hong. (person)【答案】impersonal【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】根据横线前的and，可知fair和横线处表示并列，所以横线处应为形容词，并且意思和fair对应，impersonal意思为“非指个人的，客观的”，符合语境。【

9、句意】新华社援引洪磊的话说：“国际原子能机构应该以公平、客观的方式与伊朗合作，积极澄清有关问题。伊朗在与国际原子能机构合作时，应该灵活、真诚。”7. 单选题The tools of the information age can reinforce, rather than erode, the local character of knowledge system.问题1选项A.transformB.spoilC.replaceD.diminish【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. transform 使改变外观（或性质） B. spoil 破坏，搞坏，毁掉（把好的东西变成坏的、令人不快的、

10、无用的东西）C. replace 代替，取代 D. diminish 减少，（使）减弱，降低（某物变小、变弱）【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】erode的意思为“逐渐毁坏，削弱，损害（摧毁某物或使其变得更弱）”，有破坏的意思，和reinforce“加强；加固”的意思相反，这里指信息时代的工具不会破坏知识体系的地方性，反而会巩固和加强其地方性，spoil表示破坏和毁掉，与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C选项词义与之不符；D选项侧重于减弱，没有到破坏的地步，词义不同。【句意】信息时代的工具可以巩固加强而不是破坏知识体系的地方性。8. 填空题Persons in respo

11、nsible positions may be abducted or assassinated on the grounds that they are “representatives” of some institution or system which their assailants are opposed. A B C D【答案】D which改为to which【解析】【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】D部分到句尾是修饰some institution or system的定语从句，be opposed to为固定搭配，意思为“反对”，介词to置于引导词which前。【句意】负责

12、人可能被绑架或暗杀，其原因是他们是攻击者所反对的某些机构或制度的“代表”。9. 单选题But as the winter went on, I found it harder and harder to withdraweither from the events we read and heard about, or from the zeal that seized the students in the seminar.问题1选项A.enthusiasmB.motivationC.evidenceD.process【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. enthusiasm 热情，热忱 B.

13、 motivation 动力C. evidence 证明，证据 D. process （为达到某一目标的）过程，进程【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】zeal的意思为“热情，激情”，指的是研讨会上学生们的热情，enthusiasm与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】但随着冬天的到来，我发现自己越来越难以从我们读到和听到的事件中抽身，也越来越难以从研讨会上学生们的热情中抽身。10. 填空题There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested i

14、n spelling. No school Ihave taught has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. A B C D【答案】C have taught改为have taught in【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】I have taught是修饰school的定语从句，从句的完整句子为I have taught in school，当school作为先行词放于从句之前时，介词应该保留，因此C部分应为have taught in。【句意】家长们普遍认为学校不再重视拼写。我所任教的

15、学校从来没有忽视过拼写，或认为拼写是一项基本技能，根本不重要。11. 单选题To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some

16、other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than “Monkey see, monkey do.”Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and can

17、not reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings critic

18、ism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid

19、with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must ado

20、pt responses his social group approves.In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try

21、to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situation, imitating much that t

22、hey do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.1. For a child the first element in his learning by imitation is _.2. Apart from achieving his desired results, a child should also learn to _.3. Children tend to imitate their models _.4. “An iden

23、tifying figure” (Para. 5) refers to a person _.问题1选项A.the need to find an authorityB.the need to find a way to achieve the desired resultC.the need for more affection from his parentsD.the desire to meet the standards of his social group问题2选项A.behave properlyB.attain his goal as soon as possibleC.sh

24、ow his affection for his parentsD.talk quietly问题3选项A.who do not criticize themB.who bring them unexpected rewardsC.whom they want to be likeD.whose social status is high问题4选项A.who serves as a model for othersB.who is always successfulC.who can be depended uponD.who has been rewarded for his success【

25、答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】For a child the first element in his learning by imitation is _. 对孩子来说，模仿式学习的第一个因素是_。A. the need to find an authority A. 需要找到权威B. the need to find a way to achieve the desired result B. 需要找到达到预期结果的方法C. the need for more affection from his parents C. 需要从父母那里得到更多的爱

26、D. the desire to meet the standards of his social group D. 希望达到所在的社会群体的标准【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词first element定位到第三段第一句，该处讲到“还有第二个因素在起作用（second element）”，推测第一因素在第二段，结合第二段第三、四句，该处讲到“他在寻求（seeking）一种能达到特定目的的反应（gain certain ends）他观察到（observes）一个似乎能够得到正确结果（right result）的模型。”，可知模仿式学习的第一个因素是需要达到自己想要的

27、结果，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“需要找到权威”：对应第二段最后一句，该处讲到“孩子们会寻找一个权威人士（authority）或专家来告诉他们该做什么（what to do）”，可知寻求权威的建议是是方法，而不是原因，属于偷换概念；C选项“需要从父母那里得到更多的爱”：对应第三段倒数第三句，该处讲到“当父母喜欢他的反应时（when his parents like his response），他会得到更多的爱（affection）和认可。”，这是属于第二因素的内容，而非第一因素，属于张冠李戴；D选项“希望达到所在的社会群体的标准”：对应第三段最后一句，该处讲到“如果一个人想得到他人的

28、持续支持和维持自己的自尊（support of others and his own self-respect），他必须以社会群体认可的方式回应（responses his social group approves）。”，这是属于第二因素的内容，而非第一因素，属于张冠李戴。第2题:【选项释义】Apart from achieving his desired results, a child should also learn to _. 除了达到他想要的结果，一个孩子还应该学会_。A. behave properly A. 行为恰当B. attain his goal as soon as

29、possible B. 尽快实现目标C. show his affection for his parents C. 对父母表达爱D. talk quietly D. 小声说话【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】此题定位到第三段第四、五、六句，该处讲到“解决任何客观问题（solve any objective situation）的愿望就变成了正确解决问题（solve it properly）的愿望。孩子早期学到的一件事是，当父母喜欢他的反应时，他会得到更多的爱和认可。然后其他成年人奖励一些行为，批评其他行为。”，可知除了达到希望的结果，还需要行为恰当，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B

30、选项“尽快实现目标”：对应第三段第二句，该处讲到“孩子可能会达到他的即时目标（immediate goal），却发现他的方法受到了其观察者的批评。”，这里表达的是孩子在实现当下想要实现的目标时，如果方式不符合社会标准，会受到批评，并没有鼓励孩子尽快实现目标，属于偷换概念；C选项“对父母表达爱”：文中没有提到对父母表达爱意，属于无中生有；D选项“轻言细语”：对应第三段第三句，该处讲到“他应该走到隔壁房间，小声说话（say his say quietly）”，这是针对吵闹的孩子说的，而不是所有的孩子，属于以偏概全。第3题:【选项释义】Children tend to imitate their m

31、odels _. 孩子们倾向于模仿_的榜样。A. who do not criticize them A. 不批评他们B. who bring them unexpected rewards B. 给他们带来了意想不到的回报C. whom they want to be like C. 他们想要与之相像D. whose social status is high D. 社会地位高【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词imitate their models定位到第四段第二、三句，该处讲到“他模仿那些看起来不错的人（seems a good person）如果一个学生想成为

32、一名优秀的小提琴家（wants to be a good violinist），他会观察和模仿（observe and try to copy）优秀演奏者（capable players）的技巧。”，可知孩子们倾向于模仿有自己想要的品质的人，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“不批评他们”：文中没有提到模仿不批评他们的人，属于无中生有；B选项“给他们带来了意想不到的回报”：文中没有提到给他们带来意外回报的人，属于无中生有；D选项“社会地位高”：对应第四段第二句，该处讲到“他模仿那些看起来不错的人，而不是那些他希望避免其社会身份的人（whose social status he wishes

33、to avoid）。”，这里表达的是孩子会模仿自己想成为的、具有某个社会身份的人，而不是模仿社会地位高的人，属于偷换概念。第4题:【选项释义】“An identifying figure” (Para. 5) refers to a person _. “标志性人物”（第5段）是指_的人。A. who serves as a model for others A. 为他人树立榜样B. who is always successful B. 总是成功C. who can be depended upon C. 可以信赖D. who has been rewarded for his succes

34、s D. 因他的成功而获益【答案】A【考查点】语义推断题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词An identifying figure定位到第五段第一句，该处讲到“对某一品质的崇拜（Admiration of one quality）往往会使我们对一个人的整体产生崇拜（admire a person as a whole），而这个人也就成为了_。”，结合该段第二句“很大程度地模仿（imitating much）他们所做的”，可知横线处是指对某个人有崇拜之情，并且模仿他，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“总是成功”：对应第五段第一句“对某一品质的崇拜（Admiration of one quali

35、ty）往往会使我们对一个人的整体产生崇拜”和最后一句“因为模仿他们会通向成功的道路（leads to success）”，不是因为他们总是成功而模仿他们，而是因为模仿他们的优秀品质会带来成功，属于偷换概念；C选项“可以信赖”：文中没有提到，属于无中生有；D选项“因他的成功而获益”：对应文章最后一句，该处讲到“因为模仿他们会通向成功的道路（leads to success）”，通过模仿他们，自己可能会成功，而不是因为他们的成功自己获得直接的好处，属于偷换概念。12. 单选题Experts said that many ailments associated with a loss of norm

36、al tissue may be treatable in this manner.问题1选项A.symptomsB.faultsC.risksD.disorders【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. symptoms 症状 B. faults 责任，过错C. risks 危险，风险 D. disorders 不适，疾病【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】ailments的意思为“轻病，小恙”，指的是这种方式或许可以治好某些疾病，disorders与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】专家说，许多与正常组织损失相关的疾病或许可以用这种方式治疗。1

37、3. 填空题The 18th-century Geneva-born philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau promoted a(n) _ view of education that emphasized the importance of individual self-expression. (influence)【答案】influential【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】根据横线前的a(n)和横线后的view，可知横线处为形容词，用来形容view。influential的意思为“有很大影响的”，符合语境，指的是卢梭的教育观对世界影响很大。【句意】1

38、8世纪日内瓦出生的哲学家卢梭提出了一种有影响力的教育观，即强调个人自我表达的重要性。14. 填空题The languages of Aboriginal Australians constitute another unrelated group, and it is _ whether all Australian languages form a single family. (debate)【答案】debatable【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】根据关键词is，可知横线所在内容为表语，应该为形容词，debatable“有争议的”符合语境，指的是是否所有的澳大利亚语言都是一个语系这

39、件事存在争议。【句意】澳大利亚土著居民的语言构成了另一个不相关的群体，是否所有的澳大利亚语言都是一个语系，这是有争议的。15. 单选题Swimmers from the University of Michigan dethroned Ohio State in the national collegiate swimming championships, breaking Ohios streak of three consecutive victories.问题1选项A.immenseB.superbC.marginalD.continuous【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. immen

40、se 极大的，巨大的 B. superb 极佳的，卓越的C. marginal 小的，微不足道的 D. continuous 不断的，持续的，连续的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】consecutive的意思为“连续不断的”，修饰victories，指的是俄亥俄州立大学连续三次都胜利，continuous与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】密歇根大学的游泳选手们在全国大学生游泳锦标赛中击败了俄亥俄州立大学，打破了俄亥俄州立大学三连胜的纪录。16. 填空题The commission has ruled that the donations

41、 by Bear wood Corporate Services were “legal and _” after a 14-month investigation. (permit)【答案】permissible【解析】【考查点】形容词。【解题思路】根据横线前的and，可知legal和横线处表示并列，所以横线处应为形容词，并且意思和legal对应，permissible意思为“（法律或规则）容许的，许可的”，符合语境。【句意】经过14个月的调查后，委员会裁定认可贝尔斯登公司服务公司捐赠的合法性。17. 单选题The Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget reporte

42、d a striking case from his own past. He remembered his nanny pushing him in his carriage when a man came up and tried to kidnap him.问题1选项A.assaultB.abductC.embraceD.compliment【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. assault 袭击，侵犯人身（尤指构成罪行） B. abduct 劫持，绑架C. embrace 抱，拥抱 D. compliment 赞美，称赞【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】kidnap的意思为“劫

43、持，绑架”，和him构成动宾搭配，指的是有个男人试图绑架他，abduct与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】瑞士心理学家让皮亚杰报告了自己过去的一个不同寻常的案例。他记得他的保姆在他的马车里推着他，这时有个男人走过来并试图绑架他。18. 填空题The situation comedy (or sitcom) depends on audience _ with recurring characters and conditions to explore life in the home, workplace, or some other common

44、 location. (familiar)【答案】familiarity【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】根据动词短语depends on，可知audience _为名词短语，familiarity的意思为“熟悉”，符合语境，指的是观众对情景喜剧的反应需要看他们对情景喜剧中的角色和环境有多熟悉。【句意】情景喜剧要看观众对反复出现的角色和用来探索家庭、工作场所及其他常见场所的生活环境有多熟悉。19. 填空题The effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultane

45、ous rise in foods prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. A B C D【答案】C in foods prices改为in food prices【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】C部分的food是统称，指的是所有食物，为不可数名词，所以用单数food。【句意】主要由于政府逐渐减少在食物方面的支持，同时食物价格上涨，该国食物情况恶化。20. 填空题It seems that there is no set of personal qualities tha

46、t all leaders have something in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. A B C D【答案】B something去掉【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】that all leaders have something in common是修饰personal qualities的定语从句，其中that充当从句宾语，意思指的是personal qualities，所以B部分的something去掉句子才正确。【句意】似乎并没有所有领导人都具备的一系列个人品质；事实上，如果一个人的素质符合那个特定群体的需要，他就是公认的领导者。