2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前模拟强化练习题62（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-复旦大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题He saw university as a community of scholars, where students were （ ）by teachers into an appreciation of different philosophical approaches.问题1选项A.extractedB.deductedC.inductedD.conducted【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。extracted “提取”；deducted “扣除，减去；演绎”；inducted “引导；感应”；conducted

2、 “管理，引导；表现”。induct 和conduct都有“引导”的意思，但是前者有教授知识的意味，所以选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The clash between Real Madrid and Arsenal is being（ ） as the match of the season.问题1选项A.harbingerB.alluredC.congestedD.lodged【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。harbinger“先驱，预兆”；allured“引诱；诱惑”；congested“充塞，充满”；lodge“寄宿，临时住宿”。句意：皇家马德里和阿森纳之间的冲突是这个赛季的前奏。选

3、项A符合题意。3. 单选题He was（ ）for his years of service to the company with a grand farewell party and several presents.问题1选项A.awardedB.rewardedC.wardedD.safeguarded【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。award“授予，判定”；reward“奖励，奖赏”；ward“避开，保卫，守护”；safeguard“保护，保卫”。句意：他因数年对公司的贡献而获得奖赏，公司为他举行了一个隆重的欢送会还有几样礼物。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Western medi

4、cine, （ ）science and practiced by people with academic internationally accepted medical degrees，is only one of many systems of healing.问题1选项A.rooted inB.originated fromC.trapped inD.indulged in【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。root in “来源于，起因于”；originate from “发源于，起源于”；trap in “受困于”；indulge in “沉溺于”。句意：西药从科学发展而来，通过

5、人们的实践获得国际认定的医学地位，它只是众多治疗系统中的一种。originate from 指一般意义上的来源于某地。root in有“扎根于，根植于”的意思。所以选项A更恰当。5. 单选题The train from the capital was derailed last night in the mountain area, but fortunately there were no（ ）, police said.问题1选项A.catastrophesB.cataractsC.casualtiesD.caprices【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。 catastrophe “大灾难”

6、；cataract “大瀑布，洪水”；casualty “伤亡人员”；caprice “任性，反复无常；随想曲”。句意：昨晚，从首都出发的火车在山区脱离轨道，庆幸的是没有人员伤亡。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Mrs. Brown is supposed（ ）for Italy last week.问题1选项A.to leaveB.to be leavingC.to have leftD.to have been left【答案】C【解析】考查suppose的用法。时间状语是last week，说明是为了强调过去的时间，所以应该用完成时，Brown女士是主动离开，所以选项C符合题意。7. 单选题

7、My aunt lost her cat last summer, but it（ ） a week later at a home in the next village.问题1选项A.turned upB.turned inC.turned onD.turned out【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。turn up“出现，发现，折起”；turn in“上缴，出卖”；turn on“打开，发动”；turn out“结果是，证明是”。句意：去年夏天我姨妈的猫丢了，但是一周后它出现在邻村的一户人家里。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题Hes color-blind and cant （ ）the

8、difference between red and green easily.问题1选项A.detectB.discoverC.distinguishD.determine【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。detect “侦查，发现”；discover “发现”；distinguish “区分，辨别”；determine “下决心”。句意：他是个色盲，他不能轻易区分红色与绿色。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题In（ ）I wish I had thought about alternative courses of action.问题1选项A.retrospectB.disparityC.succ

9、essionD.dissipation【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。retrospect“回顾”，disparity“不同，不等”；succession“连续”，dissipation“浪费，消散”。in retrospect是固定搭配，意思是“回顾往事；检讨过去”，句意：回想过去，我希望我曾想过这个行动的不同方案。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题When he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it

10、and the seashore, he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother. There she was a little yellow dot under an umbrella that looked like a piece of orange-skin. He swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there, but all at once very lonely.On the other side of the bay was a loose s

11、cattering of rocks. Above them, some boys were stripping off their clothes. They came running, their bodies bare down to the rocks Jerry swam towards them and kept his distance a little way off. They were off that coast, all of them burned smooch dark brown and speaking a language he did not underst

12、and. To be with them, of them was a feeling that filled his whole body. He swam a little closer, they turned and watched him with narrowed, attentive dark cues. Then one smiled and waved. It was enough. In a minute he bad swum in and was on the rocks beside them, smiling with extreme nervousness. Th

13、ey shouted cheerful greetings at him, and then, as he preserved his nervous, puzzled a mile. They understood that he was a foreigner who had wandered from his own part of the sands, and they promptly forgot him. But he was happy. He was with them.They began diving again and again from a high point i

14、nto a well of blue sea between rough, pointed rocks. After they had dived and come up, they swam round pulled themselves up, and wailed their turn to dive again. They were big boys-men to Jerry. He dived and they watched him, and when he swam round to lake his place, they made way for him. He felt h

15、e was accepted, and he dived again, carefully, proud of himself.Soon the biggest of the boys balanced himself, shot down into the water, and did not come up. The others stood about watching Jerry, after waiting for the smooth brown head to appear, let out a cry of warning; they looked at him idly an

16、d turned their eyes back towards the water. After a long lime, the boy came upon the other side of a big dark rock, letting the air escape suddenly from his lungs with much coughing and spiting, and giving a shout of satisfaction. Immediately, the rest of them dived in. One moment the morning seemed

17、 full of boys as noisy as crowd of monkeys, the next, the air and the surface of the water were empty. But through the heavy blue, dark shapes could be seen moving and searching.Jerry dived, shot past the school of underwater swimmers, saw a black wall of rock towering over him touched it, and shop

18、up at once to the surface, where the rock formed a low wall be could tee across. There was no one in sight; under him, in the water, the shadowy shapes of the swimmers has disappeared. Then one and then another of the boys came up on the far side of the wall of rock, and he understood that they had

19、swum through some gap or hole in it. He dived down again. He could see nothing through the stinging salt water but the solid rock. When he came up, the boys were all on the diving rock, preparing to attempt the track again. And now, overcome with a sense of failure, be shouted up in English: “Look a

20、t me!” and he began splashing and kicking in the water like a foolish dog.1.It can be concluded from the passage that_.2.The word “bare” in Paragraph 2 means _.3.At the beginning, Jerry was swimming_.4.What happened to the biggest boy?5.Jerry splashed and kicked in the water because_.问题1选项A.Jerry wa

21、s not a good swimmerB.Jerry failed to gain acceptance by the other boysC.Jerry was on holiday abroadD.Jerry was not on good terms with his mother问题2选项A.in disguiseB.in the limelightC.in the gutterD.in the raw问题3选项A.into the little bayB.too far out to see his motherC.near to the group of boysD.furthe

22、r out to see than the rock问题4选项A.He had been trying to stay under water as long as possible.B.He had swum though a hole in the rock under the water.C.He had been trying to do the highest dive.D.He had played a trick on Jerry.问题5选项A.he was pretending to be droppingB.he wanted to amuse all the other b

23、oysC.he hadnt been able to do what the other boys had done.D.he wanted the other boys to listen to what he was saying.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:文章第一段第一句话when he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it and the seash

24、ore提到了他的游泳技能，可以看出他很会游泳，排除选项A；根据第二段最后一句话But he was happy. He was with them，可以排除选项B；根据第一段最后一句话he swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there可以知道他的母亲对他很关心，排除选项D，所以选项C符合题意。第2题:bare所在句子的前一句提到above them, some boys were stripping off their clothes, 他们把衣服脱光了，所以可以推断出bare是“赤裸”的意思。所以选项D符合题意。第3题:文章

25、第一段第一句话When he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it and the seashore, he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother提到当他游得很远时，他回头不仅能够看到小海滩，而且还可以看到岩石和海滨，他漂浮在温暖的海水表面并且寻找他的母亲，选项B符合题意。第4题:文章倒数第二段提到After a long lime,

26、the boy came upon the other side of a big dark rock, letting the air escape suddenly from his lungs with much coughing and spiting, and giving a shout of satisfaction，那个男孩是为了能在水下待尽可能长的时间，所以选项A符合题意。第5题:文章最后一段最后一句话And now, overcome with a sense of failure, be shouted up in English: “Look at me!” and h

27、e began splashing and kicking in the water like a foolish dog，可以推断出他是为了引起其他那些跟他一起在游泳的男孩的注意，所以选项D符合题意。11. 单选题To our great delight, yesterday we received a（n）（ ） donation from a benefactor.问题1选项A.handsomeB.awesomeC.miserlyD.prodigal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。handsome“英俊的，大方的”；awesome“令人敬畏的，可怕的；极好的”；miserly“吝啬

28、的，贪婪的”；prodigal“挥霍的，十分慷慨的”。句意：令我们高兴的是，昨天我们收到了一位捐助者大量的捐助物。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题I ignored an old woman who asked me for money in the street yesterday and its been on my （ ）ever since.问题1选项A.moralityB.conscienceC.moraleD.rationale【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。on my conscience “我的良心受谴责”。句意：我无视了一个在街上向我借钱的老妇人，这让我的良心很不安。选项B符合

29、题意。13. 单选题As many as 100 species of fish, some（ ） to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.问题1选项A.unusualB.particularC.typicalD.unique【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。unusual “不寻常的”；particular “特别的，详细的”；typical “典型的”；unique “独一无二的”。句意：在这片水域有100多种鱼类，有些是独一无二的，已经被污水影响了。选项D符合题意。14. 单选题She decided to kee

30、p reticent about the unpleasant past and（ ） it to memory.问题1选项A.attributeB.alludeC.commitD.credit【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。attribute“把归因于，把归咎于”；allude“暗指，间接提到”；commit“犯罪，做错事，把交托给，提交”；credit“信任，把归给”。句意：她打算对不愉快的过去保持沉默，并把它埋在回忆中。选项C符合题意。15. 单选题The workers chose to （ ）their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes

31、.问题1选项A.deliverB.offerC.manifestD.indicate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。deliver “交付；发表”；offer “提供；出价”；manifest “证明，表明”；indicate”预示，象征”。句意：工人们选择用罢工来表明他们的不满。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题The name of Florence Nightingale lives in the memory of the world by virtue of the heroic adventure of the Crimea.Had she died as she nearly did

32、 upon her return to England, her reputation would hardly have been different； her legend would have come down to us almost as we know it today that gentle vision of female virtue which first took shape before the adoring eyes of the sick soldiers at Scutari. Yet, as a matter of fact, she lived for m

33、ore than half a century after the Crimean War； and during the greater part of that long period all the energy and all the devotion of her extraordinary nature were working at their highest pitch. What she accomplished in those years of unknown labor could, indeed, hardly have been more glorious than

34、 her Crimean triumphs； but it was certainly more important. The true history was far stranger even than the myth. In Miss Nightingales own eyes the adventure of the Crimea was a mere incident scarcely more than a useful stepping-stone in her career. It was the fulcrum with which she hoped to move th

35、e world； but it was only the fulcrum. For more than a generation she was to sit in secret, working her lever: and her real life began at the very moment when, in popular imagination, it had ended.She arrived in England in a shattered state of health. The hardships and the ceaseless efforts of the la

36、st two years had undermined her nervous system； her heart was affected ； she suffered constantly from fainting-fits and terrible attacks of utter physical prostration. The doctors declared that one thing alone would save her a complete and prolonged rest. But that was also the one thing with which s

37、he would have nothing to do. She had never been in the habit of resting； why should she begin now? Now, when her opportunity had come at last； now, when the iron was hot, and it was time to strike? No； she had work to do； and, come what might, she would do it. The doctors protested in vain； in vain

38、her family lamented and entreated, in vain her friends pointed out to her the madness of such a course. Madness? Mad possessed perhaps she was. A frenzy had seized upon her. As she lay upon her sofa, gasping, she devoured blue-books, dictated letters, and, in the intervals of her palpitations, crack

39、ed jokes. For months at a stretch she never left her bed. But she would not rest. At this rate, the doctors assured her, even if she did not die, she would become an invalid for life. She could not help that； there was work to be done； and, as for rest, very likely she might rest. when she had done

40、it.Wherever she went, to London or in the country, in the hills of Derbyshire, or among the rhododendrons at Embley, she was haunted by a ghost. It was the specter of Scutari the hideous vision of the organization of a military hospital. She would lay that phantom, or she would perish. The whole sys

41、tem of the Army Medical Department, the education of the Medical Officer, the regulations of hospital procedure. rest? How could she rest while these things were as they were, while, if the like necessity were to arise again, the like results would follow? And, even in peace and at home, what was th

42、e sanitary condition of the Army? The mortality in the barracks, was, she found, nearly double the mortality in civil life. “ You might as well take 1, 100 men every year out upon Salisbury Plain and shoot them，” she said. After inspecting the hospitals at Chatham, she smiled grimly. “Yes，this is on

43、e more symptom of the system which, in the Crimea, put to death 16, 000 men. ” Scutari had given her knowledge ； and it had given her power too: her enormous reputation was at her back an incalculable force. Other work, other duties, might lie before her； but the most urgent, the most obvious, of al

44、l was to look to the health of the Army.1.According to the author, the work done during the last fifty years of Florence Nightingales life was，when compared with her work in the Crimea, all of the following except（ ）.2.Paragraph 2 paints a picture of a woman who is（ ）.3.The primary purpose of Paragr

45、aph 3 is to（ ）.4.The authors attitude to his material is（ ）.5.In her statement (Paragraph 3, Sentence 8) Miss Nightingale intended to（ ） .问题1选项A.less dramaticB.less demandingC.less well-known to the publicD.more important问题2选项A.mentally shatteredB.stubborn and querulousC.physically weak but mentally

46、 indomitableD.purposeful yet tiresome问题3选项A.account for conditions in the armyB.show the need for hospital reformC.explain Miss Nightingales main concernsD.argue that peacetime conditions were worse than wartime conditions问题4选项A.disinterested reporting of biographical detailsB.over-inflation of a re

47、putationC.debunking a mythD.interpretation as well as narration问题5选项A.criticize the conditions in hospitalsB.highlight the unhealthy conditions under which ordinary soldiers were livingC.prove that conditions in the barracks were as bad as those in a military hospitalD.ridicule the dangers of army l

48、ife【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】第1题:南丁格尔女士后五十年的工作，作者认为是费尽心力的，选项B less demanding显然是错误的；作者用legend来形容南丁格尔后来在克里米亚的经历，What she accomplished in those years of unknown labor could, indeed, hardly have been more glorious than her Crimean triumphs; but it was certainly more important,虽然不那么广为人知，但是却更为重要。选项

49、B符合题意。第2题:文章第二段第二句提到南丁格尔女士的身体状况：undermined her nervous system, her heart was affected, fainting-fits, physical prostration，这都说明她的身体是虚弱的，但是她却依然不忘记工作，显然她的精神依然没被击垮，选项C符合题意。第3题:文章第三段主要讲述了南丁格尔女士对军队医疗条件的担忧，选项C符合题意。第4题:作者讲述了南丁格尔女士在克里米亚战后的生活，整篇文章都是对主人公的赞美，但并没有吹捧，选项B排除；选项A与C是否定意味，排除，所以选项D符合题意。第5题:南丁格尔关注的是军队的

50、医疗条件，最后一段最后一句话but the most urgent, the most obvious, of all was to look to the health of the Army，她认为最迫切的问题就是去救助军队里的生命，所以选项B符合题意，她是为了指出普通士兵所生活的不卫生的环境。17. 单选题Its absolutely（ ）that you get that form sent off by the twenty-third of this month.问题1选项A.vitalB.fatalC.mortalD.neutral【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。vital

51、“至关重要的，生死攸关的”；fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的”；mortal“凡人的；致死的”；neutral“中立的，中性的”。句意：你这个月二十三号把那个表格寄出去，这非常重要。选项A符合题意。18. 单选题When I was sent to prison, I really felt I had （ ）my parents（ ） .问题1选项A.let.offB.let.downC.let.outD.let.alone【答案】B【解析】考查动词词组辨析。let.off “放出，准许暂停工作，宽恕”；let.down “使失望；辜负”；let.out “放出，泄漏”；let.alon

52、e “更不必说”。句意：当我被送进监狱的时候，我真的觉得我让我爸妈失望了。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题Hurricane Hugo will _ in the record books as the costliest storm ever faced by insurers.问题1选项A.go downB.go upC.go byD.go through【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。go down“下降，传下去”；go up“增长，上升”；go by“经过，顺便拜访”；go through“经受，通过，仔细检查”。句意：飓风雨果将作为有史以来遭遇损失最严重的暴风雨被载入史册。选项A符合题意。20. 单选题She was so（ ）the play that she cried in the final act.问题1选项A.involved inB.taken inC.given inD.gone into【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。involve in“参与，涉及”；take in“欺骗；接受；吸收”；give in“屈服，让步”；go into“进入；研究；参与”。句意：她将自己完全投入到那个话剧中，以致于在最后一幕哭了。选项A符合题意。