2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题60（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.问题1选项A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。delicate“精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；A选项soft“柔软的；温柔的；软弱的”；B选项sheer“绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项

2、refined“精炼的；精确的；微妙的；有教养的”。句意：丝绸虽然被认为是一种易碎的织物，但事实上它非常结实，但它受到阳光的不利影响。根据句中although“尽管”和“is in fact very strong实际上是非常结实的”可知delicate在这里的意思为“易碎的”，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Excellent elementary schools, open attitudes toward new technology, premiums for inventions, and a genius for creative thinking interact with each

3、 other on the US mainland and produce the American characteristic, （ ）.问题1选项A.emanationB.emulsionC.emulationD.emancipation【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项emanation“发出，散发”；B选项emulsion“乳剂；乳液”；C选项emulation“仿真；效仿；竞争”；D选项emancipation“解放；释放”。句意：在美国本土，优秀的小学教育、对新技术的开放态度、对发明的奖励，以及空间思维天赋相互作用，造就了美国人的特征竞争。因此C选项正确。3. 不定项选择题M

4、any Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. Fergus Clydesdale, head of the department of food science and nutrition at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, says bluntly that if the dangers from bacterially contaminated chicken were as grea

5、t as some people believe, “the streets would be littered with people lying here and there”.Though the public increasingly demands no-risk food, there is no such thing. Bruce Ames, chairman of the biochemistry department at the University of California, Berkeley, points out that up to 10% of a plants

6、 weight is made up of natural pesticides. Says he, “Since plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves, they employ chemical warfare.” And many naturally produced chemicals, though occurring in tiny amounts, prove in laboratory tests to be strong carcinogens a substance which can cause can

7、cer. Mushrooms might be banned if they were judged by the same standards that apply to food additives. Declares Christina Stark, a nutritionist at Cornell University: “Were got far worse natural chemicals in the food supply than anything man-made.”Yet the issues are not that simple. While Americans

8、have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner table, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. They unconsciously and unwillingly take in too much of too many dangerous chemicals. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make much

9、 sense to add dozens of new man-made ones. Though most people will withstand the small amounts of contaminants generally found in food and water, at least a few individuals will probably get cancer one day because of what they eat and drink. To make good food and water supplies even better, the Gove

10、rnment needs to tighten its regulatory standards, stiffen its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. The food industry should modify some long-accepted practices or turn to less hazardous alternatives. Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning ho

11、w to handle and cook food properly. The problems that need to be tackled exist all along the food-supply chain from fields to processing plants to kitchens.1. What does the author think of the Americans view of their food?2. The author considers it impossible to obtain no-risk food because（ ）.3. By

12、saying “they employ chemical warfare” (Paragraph 2, Line 4), Bruce Ames means （ ）.4. The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on （ ）.5. What is the message the author wants to convey in the passage?问题1选项A.They overstate the governments interference with the food industry.B.Th

13、ey are overoptimistic about the safety of their food.C.They overestimate the hazards of their food.D.They overlook the risks of the food they eat.问题2选项A.no food is free from pollution in the environmentB.pesticides are widely used in agricultureC.many vegetables contain dangerous natural chemicalsD.

14、almost all foods have additives问题3选项A.plants produce certain chemicals to combat pests and diseasesB.plants absorb useful chemicals to promote their growthC.farmers use man-made chemicals to dissolve the natural chemicals in plantsD.farmers use chemicals to protect plants against pests and diseases问

15、题4选项A.the governmentB.the processorC.the consumerD.the grower问题5选项A.Eating and drinking have become more hazardous than before.B.Immediate measures must be taken to improve food production and processing.C.Health food is not a dream in modern society.D.There is reason for caution but no cause for al

16、arm with regard to food consumption.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段第一句“Many Americans harbor a grossly distorted and exaggerated view of most of the risks surrounding food. 许多美国人对围绕食品的大多数风险持有严重扭曲和夸大的看法。”可知C项“他们高估了食物的危害。”与原文相符；A项“他们夸大了政府对食品工业的干预”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“他们对食品的安全性过于乐观。”，原文

17、并没有相关表达；D项“他们忽略了他们所吃食物的风险。”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段第二句“up to 10% of a plants weight is made up of natural pesticides. 高达植物重量10%的成分是天然杀虫剂。”可知A项“没有一种食物是不受环境污染的”与原文相符。B项“农药在农业中被广泛使用”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“许多蔬菜包含危险的天然化学物质”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“几乎所有的食品都含有添加剂”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第三句“Sin

18、ce plants do not have jaws or teeth to protect themselves. 因为植物没有颌或牙齿来保护自己”可知这里的“they employ chemical warfare 它们使用化学武器”代指“植物产生某些化学物质来对抗虫害和疾病”，由此知A项“植物产生某种化学物质来对抗病虫害”与原文相符。B项“植物吸收有用的化学物质来促进它们的生长”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“农民使用人造化学物质溶解植物中的天然化学物质”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“农民使用化学药品保护植物免受病虫害”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章

19、最后一段倒数第二句“Perhaps most important, consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to handle and cook food properly. 也许最重要的是，消费者将不得不更好地学习如何正确处理和烹饪食物。”可知C项“消费者”正确。A项“政府”；B项“加工者”；D项“种植者”。因此C选项正确。第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第二句“While Americans have no reason to be terrified to sit down at the dinner ta

20、ble, they have every reason to demand significant improvements in food and water safety. 虽然美国人没有理由害怕坐在餐桌前吃饭，但他们完全有理由要求显著改善食品和水安全。”可知D项“关于食物消费，有理由谨慎，但没有理由惊慌。”与原文相符。A项“饮食变得比以前更危险。”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“必须立即采取措施改善食品生产和加工。”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“健康食品在现代社会不再是一个梦。”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题（ ） both sides accept the agreeme

21、nt （ ） a lasting peace be established in this region.问题1选项A.Only if, willB.If only, wouldC.Should, willD.Unless, would【答案】A【解析】语法题only if的用法。当only if位于句首时，其主句的谓语动词要部分倒装，根据四个选项，其谓语动词都提前了，而只有only if在句首，才部分倒装。句意：只有双方都接受这项协议，才能在这个地区建立持久的和平。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题The executive manager doesnt like to consider opin

22、ions different from his own, which may_ his judgment in business activities.问题1选项A.crippleB.hurtC.distractD.distort【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“cripple”意为“（使）跛；（使）残废；削弱；给造成严重问题”；B选项“hurt”意为“使受伤；损害；使疼痛；使痛心”；C选项“distract”意为“转移；分心”；D选项“distort”意为“扭曲；使失真；曲解”。句意：这位行政经理不喜欢考虑与自己不同的意见，这可能会削弱他在商业活动中的判断力。由题干可知，doesnt

23、like to consider opinions different from his own（不喜欢考虑与自己不同的意见）说明这位经理害怕受到别人想法的影响干扰，从而削弱自己的判断力。因此A选项符合题意。6. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.在哥本哈根会议遇到困难，许多国家领导人准备打道回府的时候，我坚持同各方斡旋，与各国共同努力，最终达成哥本哈根协议。这个成果是来之不易的，也是在涉及各国重大利益问题上可

24、能取得的最好成果。哥本哈根会议结束以后，1月份我就致函联合国秘书长和丹麦首相，坚定地表示，中国高度评价和支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场。就在最近，我们又致函联合国，表示我们全面支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场，并且申明中国列入支持哥本哈根协议的名单国。为什么总拿中国做文章？我至今不明白。气候变化问题关系到人类的生存，也关系到各国的利益，关系到世界的公平和正义。我们坚持“共同但有个别的责任”原则是完全正确的，我们将继续同世界各国一同推进应对气候变化的进程。【答案】When the Copenhagen Conference ran into difficulties and many world lead

25、ers were ready to go home, I insisted on working with all parties and other countries to reach an agreement in Copenhagen. This result is hard-won, and it is the best that can be achieved on issues that affect the interests of all countries.After the Copenhagen Conference, I wrote letters to the UN

26、Secretary-General and the Danish Prime Minister in January, firmly stating that China highly values and supports the Copenhagen Conference resolution. Just recently, we wrote to the United Nations, expressing our full support for the Copenhagen Conference resolution and affirming Chinas inclusion in

27、 the list of countries supporting the Copenhagen Accord.Why do you always make an issue of China? I still dont understand. Climate change concerns not only the survival of mankind, but also the interests of all countries and the fairness and justice of the world. It is entirely correct for us to adh

28、ere to the principle of “common but separate responsibilities”. We will continue to work with other countries to tackle climate change.7. 单选题Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat （ ）by far the biggest cereal crop.问题1选项A.isB.beenC.beD.being【答案】D【解析】语法题考查独立主格结构。前半句“Agriculture is t

29、he countrys chief source of wealth”已经是个完整的句子，后半句没有关联词，所以不可能再出现动词，排除A和C，而“小麦”和be之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词being。句意：农业是这个国家财富的主要来源，小麦是迄今为止最大的谷类作物。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题That was not the first time he（ ） us, I think its high time we（ ）strong actions against him.问题1选项A.betrayed.takeB.had betrayed.tookC.has betrayed.tookD.h

30、as betrayed.take【答案】B【解析】语法题考查过去完成时态。It is/was the first time that+完成时表示这是第一次做某事，在这句话中，用完成时主要是为了强调表示过去的某一个动作或行为的影响，所以必须用完成时态。而本句的谓语动词为“was”，所以该动作是发生在过去的过去，要使用过去完成时态。its high time后面接虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式，可排除A、D项。句意：这已经不是他第一次背叛我们了，我想是时候对他采取强硬行动了。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题What you have done is（ ）the doctors orders.问题1选项A.

31、attached toB.resistant toC.responsible toD.contrary to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项be attached to“喜爱；附属于；B选项be resistant to“抵抗的；对有反抗作用的”；C选项be responsible to“对负责”；D选项be contrary to“相反；与相反”。句意：你所做的事情违反了医生的嘱咐。根据句中“the doctors orders医生的嘱咐”可知“违反”符合语境，因此D选项正确。10. 不定项选择题An invisible border divides those arguing for

32、 computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.Very few writers on the subject have explored this （1）indeed, contradiction which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the （2）

33、to put computers in the classroom. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a/an （3） education Justified for reasons radically different from why education is （4） required by law. It is not simply to （5） everyones job prospects that all children are legally （6） to attend

34、school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain （7） of the American citizen, a character who is （8） if he cannot competently assess（9） his livelihood and happiness are affected by things （10） of himself.But this was not always the case, before it was legally required for all children to attend sc

35、hool until a certain（11）, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped （12） nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is （13） to be educated. Computer-education advocates （14） this optimistic noti

36、on for a pessimism that （15） their otherwise cheery outlook.（16）on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often（17） the job prospects of graduates over their educational（18）.There are some good arguments for a techni

37、cal education given the right kind of student. Many European schools （19） the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are（20） equipped for the professions they want to join.问题1选项A.distinctionB.topicC.separationD.education问题2选项A.campaignB.practiceC.actionD.goal问题3选项A.

38、informalB.basicC.technicalD.expensive问题4选项A.differentlyB.universallyC.converselyD.regularly问题5选项A.formB.consistC.ariseD.raise问题6选项A.orderedB.inquiredC.requiredD.acquired问题7选项A.conceptionB.informationC.themeD.imagination问题8选项A.completeB.accomplishedC.incompleteD.improper问题9选项A.whyB.whatC.whereD.how问题

39、10选项A.insideB.outsideC.besideD.aside问题11选项A.yearB.ageC.dayD.extent问题12选项A.inB.atC.byD.with问题13选项A.fitB.responsibleC.suitableD.able问题14选项A.considerB.forgetC.forsakeD.foretell问题15选项A.believesB.becomesC.bearsD.betrays问题16选项A.EncounteringB.BankingC.DevisingD.Seeking问题17选项A.emphasizeB.encourageC.engageD.

40、enlarge问题18选项A.academyB.positionC.degreeD.achievement问题19选项A.interactB.introduceC.announceD.invent问题20选项A.traditionallyB.drasticallyC.properlyD.hardly【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:D第16题:B第17题:A第18题:D第19题:B第20题:C【解析】第1题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“distinctio

41、n”意为“区别；差别；特性；荣誉”；B选项“topic”意为“主题；题目；一般规则”；C选项“separation”意为“分离，分开；间隔”；D选项“education”意为“教育；培养；教育学”。句意：很少有这方面的作者探讨过这种区别。上文说到An invisible border divides those arguing forand those arguing for（一个无形的界限划分了两种争辩），所以此处应该是指这两种争辩的区别。四个选项中distinction“区别；差别”符合语境。因此A选项符合题意。第2题:考查名词辨析。A选项“campaign”意为“运动；活动；战役”，一般

42、指以争取公众支持为目的，进而获得职位、社会认可等的文宣、演说及游说活动；B选项“practice”意为“实践；练习；惯例”；C选项“action”意为“行动；活动；功能”，一般指较长的复杂的行为；D选项“goal”意为“目标；球门，得分数；终点”。句意：但是，这一问题恰恰是主张计算机课堂教学这一运动的症结之所在。由后文可知，to put computers in the classroom（把电脑放在教室里），说明横线处指的就是主张把电脑放进教室的这场运动，这里指的是一种以争取公众支持为目的的活动。因此A选项符合题意。第3题:考查形容词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“informal”，意为“非正式

43、的；不拘礼节的；随便的；通俗的”；B选项“basic”，意为“基本的；基础的”；C选项“technical”，意为“工艺的，科技的；技术上的；专门的”；D选项“expensive”意为“昂贵的；花钱的”。句意：旨在使学生获得某种工作的教育叫作技术教育。前文说到，An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job（旨在使学生获得某种工作的教育），说明此处指的是职业教育，也就是学习特定的技术以方便将来就业。因此C选项正确。第4题:考查副词辨析。A选项“differently”，意为“不同地；差异；各种”；B选项“uni

44、versally”，意为“普遍地；人人；到处”；C选项“conversely”，意为“相反地；反之”；D选项“regularly”意为“定期地；有规律地；整齐地；匀称地”。句意：教育普遍地被法律要求。横线前说到，education（教育）横线后是required by law（法律要求），由常识可知教育是由法律普遍要求的，具有普遍性，所有人适用。因此B选项正确。第5题:考查动词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“form”，意为“构成，组成；组织；塑造”；B选项“consist”，意为“由组成；在于；符合”；C选项“arise”，意为“出现；上升；起立”，是不及物动词，其后不能直接跟宾语；D选项“rai

45、se”意为“提高；筹集；养育；升起；饲养，种植”，是及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处，有时作引申用。句意：提升所有人的工作前景。横线后说到，everyones job prospects（所有人的工作前景），可推测出此处是提升工作前景的意思。因此D选项正确。第6题:考查动词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“ordered”，意为“命令；整理；订购”；B选项“inquired”，意为“询问；查究；问明”；C选项“required”，意为“需要；要求；命令”；D选项“acquired”意为“获得；取得；学到；捕获”。句意：法律规定所有的孩子在十几岁时都必须上学。由前文可知，education is un

46、iversally required by law（教育由法律普遍要求），横线前legally（合法地；法律上）也是指法律上，可推测出此处用的动词是require。因此C选项正确。第7题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“conception”意为“怀孕；概念；设想；开始”；B选项“information”意为“信息，资料；知识；情报”；C选项“theme”意为“主题；主旋律；题目”；D选项“imagination”意为“想象力；空想；幻想物”。句意：我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念。横线后of the American citizen, a character who（美国公民的，一

47、个人他），由此可推测出横线处是观念的意思，a character who就是对某种美国公民观念进行解释。因此A选项符合题意。第8题:考查形容词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“complete”意为“完整的；完全的；彻底的”；B选项“accomplished”意为“完成的；熟练的；有修养的”；C选项“incomplete”意为“不完全的；不完备的”；D选项“improper”意为“不正确的，错误的；不适当的；不合礼仪的”。句意：如果他不能准确判断自身的生活，他的公民特征就是不完整的。横线后if he cannot competently assess his livelihood（如果他不能准确判断自

48、身的生活），由此可推测出一个人如果不能判断自己的生活，那么他作为公民的特征就是不完整的。因此C选项符合题意。第9题:考查从属连词。由题干可知，横线引导assess后的宾语从句，并在从句中作方式状语。A选项“why”意为“为什么”，引导原因状语；B选项“what”意为“什么；多么；多少”，引导宾语从句时，不在从句中充当状语；C选项“where”意为“在哪里”，引导地点状语；D选项“how”意为“如何”，引导方式状语。句意：如果他不能准确地评估他的生活和幸福是如何受到事物的影响。横线后his livelihood and happiness are affected by things（他的生活和

49、幸福受到事物的影响），由此可推测出这里指评估他的生活和幸福是如何被影响。因此D选项符合题意。第10题:考查介词辨析。A选项“inside”意为“在里面；在心里；在时间内”；B选项“outside”意为“在外面；在范围之外”；C选项“beside”意为“在旁边；与相比；紧靠”；D选项“aside”意为“在旁边”。句意：如果他不能准确地评估他的生活和幸福是如何受到外界事物的影响。横线前things（事物）横线后of himself（他自己），由此可推测出这里指他的生活和幸福是被他自己内心影响还是外界事物影响，前文提到的都是法律等外界事物的影响，所以此处应该是指外界事物，即outside of hi

50、mself。因此B选项符合题意。第11题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“year”意为“年；年度；历年；年纪”；B选项“age”意为“年龄；时代；寿命，使用年限；阶段”；C选项“day”意为“一天；时期；白昼”；D选项“extent”意为“程度；范围；长度”。句意：但是情况并不总是如此；在法律要求所有儿童必须上学至一定年龄之前。前文说到attend school into their teens（上学到青春期结束），teens就是特定的年龄，由此可推测此处指特定年龄。因此B选项符合题意。第12题:考查介词辨析。A选项“in”意为“在内；在期间；在以后；穿着；在方面；用语言；按照（表示方式）

51、”；B选项“at”意为“在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；在岁时；在远；以（某种价格、速度等）”；C选项“by”意为“由，被；通过；到之前；在旁边”，可指动作的实施者；D选项“with”意为“和在一起；具有；用（表示使用工具或器具）；反对；包括”。横线前it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped（人们普遍认为，有些人就是没有被赋予）和横线后nature（自然），由此可推测出这里指有些人没有被自然赋予某种能力，自然就是赋予这个动作的实施者。因此C选项符合题意。第13题:考查形容词辨析和固定搭配。A选项“fit”，be

52、 fit to意为“适合做某事”，后接动词原形，指在质量、素质、技能等方面适合做某事；B选项“responsible”没有be responsible to的短语，一般是be responsible for sth.意为“对某事负责”；C选项“suitable”，be suitable to的短语意为“适合、适应于”后接名词；D选项“able”，be able to意为“有能力做某事”。句意：随着工业化给国家带来的特有乐观精神，我们已经接受人人都适合受教育的观念。横线后to be educated（被教育），教育涉及到人的素质技能，由此可推测出这里指人们在素质技能方面适合接受教育。因此A选项符

53、合题意。第14题:考查动词辨析和上下文语义。A选项“consider”意为“考虑；认为；细想”；B选项“forget”意为“忘记；忽略”；C选项“forsake”意为“放弃；断念”；D选项“foretell”意为“预言；预示；预告”。句意：倡导计算机教育的人抛弃了这一乐观理念，取而代之的是与他们乐观外表相悖的悲观论调。横线后optimistic notion（乐观理念）与for a pessimism（为了悲观论调）明显是相反的，由此可推测出倡导计算机教育的人为了悲观论调放弃了乐观理念。因此C选项符合题意。第15题:考查动词辨析。A选项“believes”意为“相信；认为；信任”；B选项“be

54、comes”意为“成为；变得；适合；相称”；C选项“bears”意为“忍受；承担；生孩子；结果实；携带”；D选项“betrays”意为“背叛；出卖；泄露（秘密）”。句意：取而代之的是与他们乐观外表相悖的悲观论调。横线前a pessimism（悲观论调）与横线后cheery outlook（乐观外表）明显是相悖的，所以相对应的动词是betray。因此D选项符合题意。第16题:考查动词辨析和固定搭配。A选项“Encountering”意为“遭遇；邂逅；遇到”，其后一般不接介词on而是with；B选项“Banking”意为“将存入银行；倾斜转弯”，bank on意为“指望；依赖”；C选项“Devis

55、ing”意为“设计；想出；发明；图谋”，一般不与on搭配；D选项“Seeking”意为“寻求；寻找；探索；搜索”，其后一般不接on，接介词to、out、for。句意：基于将计算机引入课堂的“教育理由”和“谋职理由”的混淆。因此B选项符合题意。第17题:考查动词辨析。A选项“emphasize”意为“强调，着重”；B选项“encourage”意为“鼓励，怂恿；激励；支持”；C选项“engage”意为“占用；使参加；雇佣；使订婚；预定”；D选项“enlarge”意为“扩大；放大；详述”。句意：主张计算机教育的人常常只强调毕业生的就业前景，而忽略了他们的教育成就。横线后job prospects（就

56、业前景）和their educational（他们的教育），就业和教育是两个方面，over说明主张计算机教育的人重视就业前景多过教育。因此A选项符合题意。第18题:考查名词辨析。A选项“academy”意为“学院；研究院；学会；专科院校”；B选项“position”意为“位置，方位；职位，工作；姿态”；C选项“degree”意为“程度，等级；度；学位”；D选项“achievement”意为“成就；完成；达到；成绩”。句意：主张计算机教育的人常常只强调毕业生的就业前景，而忽略了他们的教育成就。由前文可知，将计算机引入课堂是基于教育理由和谋职理由，谋职理由对应job prospects（就业前景）

57、，那么教育理由就对应毕业生所取得的教育成就。因此D选项符合题意。第19题:考查动词辨析。A选项“interact”意为“互相影响；互相作用”；B选项“introduce”意为“介绍；引进；提出；采用”；C选项“announce”意为“宣布；述说；预示；播报”；D选项“invent”意为“发明；创造；虚构”。句意：许多欧洲学校很早就引入了职业培训的概念。横线后是the concept of professional training（职业培训的概念），此处指很多欧洲学校引入了这个概念，并不指他们发明了这个概念。因此B选项符合题意。第20题:考查副词辨析。A选项“traditionally”意为“

58、传统上；习惯上；传说上”；B选项“drastically”意为“彻底地；激烈地”；C选项“properly”意为“适当地；正确地；恰当地”；D选项“hardly”意为“几乎不，简直不；刚刚”。句意：以确保儿童适当具备欲从事的职业所需的技能。横线前后是children（儿童）与equipped（具备），此处指确保儿童能适当、恰当地具备一些工作所需的技能。因此C选项符合题意。11. 单选题The preserved food should retain palatable appearance, flavor, and texture, as well as its original nutrit

59、ional value.问题1选项A.tastyB.stylishC.delicateD.notable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。palatable“美味的，可口的；愉快的”；A选项tasty“美味的；高雅的；有趣的”；B选项stylish“时髦的；现代风格的；潇洒的”；C选项delicate“微妙的；精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；D选项notable“值得注意的，显著的；著名的”。句意：腌制食品应保持其可口的外观、风味和质地，以及原有的营养价值。题干提到“preserved food腌制的食物”和“flavor, and texture味道和质地”，可推知palatable在这里“有美味

60、的”的意思，因此A选项正确。12. 单选题The continuous rain was（ ）for the exceptional poor harvest.问题1选项A.blamedB.condemnedC.accusedD.charged【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项be blamed for“因被责备；归咎于”；B选项be condemned for“因受到谴责或被追究责任”；C选项be accused for“因被指控”；D选项be charged for“因被指控或收费”。句意：罕见的歉收归咎于持续的下雨。根据句中“continuous rain持续的下雨”与“poor h

61、arvest歉收”可知“归咎于”符合语境，因此A选项正确。13. 不定项选择题Much of the worlds electronic waste is being shipped to China for recycling and the cottage industry that has sprung up there to recover usable materials from computers, cell phones, televisions and other goods may be creating significant health and environmental hazards. Scientists from China and the United States have identified numerous toxic elements in the emissions from an e-waste recycling workshop in southern China, which uses low-tech methods to separate reusable electronic components from the circu