2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题26（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 填空题Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corr

2、esponding bland. If you add a word, put on insertion mark () in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put a slash (/) in the blank. (10%)Example:When art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and

3、 hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThe twins occur about once in eighty-seven human births.A little more than one quarter of these is identical twins, 36. _which develops from the equal division of a fertilized egg.

4、37. _Identical twins are always the same sex and have the sameblood group and eye color. If one has a gift of music, it is 38. _not surprising if other does too. However, if one is left-handed, 39. _the other may be right-handed. If the hair of one growsclockwise from the crown, the others hair may

5、growcounterclockwise. Fraternal twins develop from two separateeggs that were fertilized at the same time. They can be of 40. _different sexes and often look no much alike than other 41. _members of the same family. The more babies per birth,the less frequently such births occur. Triplets occur abou

6、tone in 7569 births, but sextupletsmultiple births of five 42. _occur one in about five million births. Multiple birthsare common among low animals, but identical offspring 43. _is rare, except for one species of armadillo. The female 44. _armadillo always gives birth up to quadruplets. 45. _【答案】36.

7、is are37.develops develop38.of for39. other the40.were are41.much more42.five six43.low lower44.is are45.up 【解析】36.由主语one quarter of these（四分之一的双胞胎）可知，此处是分数引导的短语做主语，其谓语动词的数需要根据分数后面的名词来决定，此处的these是复数，因此be动词要用复数are，故改is为are正确。37.定语从句中的关系代词which指的是identical twins（同卵双胞胎），所以从句中的动词要用复数形式，故改develops为develo

8、p正确。38.gift表示“天赋”，一般与for搭配，故把of改为for正确。39.这一句是说“如果双胞胎的其中一个有音乐天赋，那么另外一个有音乐天赋并不奇怪”，表示两者中的其中一个要用the other，表示特指；other单独使用表示“其他的”，为形容词。故在other前面添加定冠词the正确。40.这一句的意思是“异卵双胞胎是由两个受精卵同时发育而成的”，为客观陈述，应该用一般现在时，所以that定语从句中的were要改为are。41.由than可知，no more than为固定用法，表示“不比更”，故改much为more正确。42.破折号的内容是解释sextuplets（六胞胎）一词

9、，而破折号说的是multiple births of five（5个胎儿的多胞胎），这明显与sextuplets不符，故改five为six正确。43.这一句是说“多胞胎在低等生物中很常见”，而low表示“低的”，低级生物要用lower animal表示，所以改low为lower正确。44.offspring是复数名词，be动词应该用are，故改is为are正确。45.表示“生产”应该是give birth to，这里的up是多余的，所以把up去掉正确。2. 单选题In April 1865, when John Wilkes Booth killed Lincoln at Fords Thea

10、tre, the curtain finally fell on a play that had begun almost as soon as the American colonies gained their independence from England. In 1776, Americas Declaration of Independence declared that “all men are created equal”, 44 years later we were wrestling with a question: how can a nation founded o

11、n the idea of individual freedom reconcile itself with the existence of human slavery?In 1819, 22 states were in the Union, 11 Free, and 11 Slave. The Souths economy was based on the growing of cotton, and cotton was profitable only on the backs of slaves. As new states were admitted to the Union, t

12、he South wanted as many as possible to be slave states, not only to support their economy, but to prevent the North from obtaining a majority in Congress and quite possibly changing the Constitution to outlaw slavery completely. The issue came to a head when Missouri applied to be admitted as a slav

13、e state. Thomas Jefferson called the debate that began with Missouri “like a fireball in the night, which awakened me and filled me with terror. I considered it at once the knell (丧钟) of the nation.”War was avoided this time as compromise was reached and Missouri would be admitted as a slave state.

14、Maine, the next state admitted to the Union, would be admitted as free, thereby preserving the balance of power in the Congress.By 1860, when the new Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln for President, compromise would no longer work. Lincoln wanted to contain the spread of slavery. With Linco

15、lns election in November of that year, the South felt that it was only a matter of time before the Southern States lost their slim Democratic Party majority to those who wished to abolish slavery. It was in this same year that John Wilkes Booth said that “So deep is my hatred for such men that I wis

16、h I had them in my grasp and I the power to crush.”Equally passionate, Lincoln held that America was the “Last Hope on Earth” for freedom. The United States was unique in the family of nations. Of all the nations in the world, only America was governed by her people. Kings, Queens, Princes or Empero

17、rs ruled all the old countries, where rights were held by the government and given to the people. In America, rights were held by the people and given to the government. The irony was that the Old World had done away with slavery decades before, yet here the United States, beacon(灯塔) of Freedomhad h

18、uman bondage (奴役). Lincoln said it himself, “the nation cannot exist half-slave and half-free, it must be all of one thing or all of the other.”16. We learn from the first paragraph that_.17. The fundamental conflict between the Union and the South lies in_.18. It can be inferred from the context of

19、 Paragraph 4 that_.19. What did Lincoln wish to do when he became President of the United States?20. In what way was America unique in the family of nations?问题1选项A.the seeds of the American Civil War were sown when the nation was foundedB.John Wilkes Booth had plotted to kill Lincoln from the moment

20、 America gained its independenceC.all men in America obtained equal rights with the Declaration of IndependenceD.John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at the end of a performance in Fords theatre问题2选项A.religious faithsB.political beliefsC.economic interestsD.geographic differences问题3选项A.John-Wilkes Booth w

21、as one of the firebrands of the SouthB.the Democratic Party was strongly opposed to slaveryC.with the election of Lincoln the South lost its majority in CongressD.the Civil War could have been avoided if Lincoln had not won the election问题4选项A.Make compromises.B.Prevent the spread of slavery.C.Strike

22、 a balance.D.Get prepared for war.问题5选项A.It was the only nation that allowed the existence of slavery.B.It was the only nation that existed half-slave and half-free.C.It was the only nation whose government gave rights to the people.D.It was the only nation whose government was elected by the people

23、.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】16. 【选项释义】16.We learn from the first paragraph that_. 16. 我们从第一段得知_。A. the seeds of the American Civil War were sown when the nation was founded A. 美国内战的种子是在国家成立时播下的B. John Wilkes Booth had plotted to kill Lincoln from the moment America gained its independence B. 从

24、美国获得独立的那一刻起，约翰威尔克斯布思就密谋杀害林肯C. all men in America obtained equal rights with the Declaration of Independence C. 所有美国人都获得了独立宣言所赋予的平等权利D. John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at the end of a performance in Fords theatre D. 约翰威尔克斯布斯在福特剧院的一场演出结束时枪杀了林肯【考查点】判断推理题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第一段最后一句话“1776年，美国独立宣言宣布人人生而平等；

25、44年后的今天，我们正在为一个问题而挣扎：一个建立在个人自由理念基础上的国家，如何（how）才能在存在奴隶制度的情况下使自己和解？”。从这里可知虽然独立宣言一开始就说人生而平等，但是奴隶制却没有废除，这有违宪法，从这个反问句也可知这是行不通的，所以答案选A选项“美国内战的种子是在国家成立时播下的”。【干扰项排除】B选项“从美国获得独立的那一刻起，约翰威尔克斯布思就密谋杀害林肯”，第一段提到威尔克斯谋杀了总统，但是没有提到什么时候开始密谋，这属于无中生有；C选项“所有美国人都获得了独立宣言所赋予的平等权利”，见正确选项，独立宣言后奴隶制没有废除，由此可知C选项错误；D选项“约翰威尔克斯布斯在福特

26、剧院的一场演出结束时枪杀了林肯”，定位到文章第一段第一句“1865年4月，当约翰威尔克斯布思在福特剧院刺杀林肯时，一出几乎在美国殖民地从英国获得独立时就开始上演的戏剧终于落下了帷幕（the curtain finally fell on a play）”，这里的戏剧是一种修辞，把历史比作戏剧，不是指的当时上演的戏剧，这里属于偷换概念。17. 【选项释义】17. The fundamental conflict between the Union and the South lies in_. 17. 联邦和南方之间的根本冲突在于_。A. religious faiths A. 宗教信仰B. p

27、olitical beliefs B. 政治信仰C. economic interests C. 经济利益D. geographic differences D. 地理差异【考查点】判断推理题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第二段第二句话“南方的经济是建立（based on）在种植棉花的基础上的，而棉花只有依靠奴隶才能获利（profitable only on the backs of slaves）”，从这里可知南方的经济是靠奴隶制撑起来的。第二步，寻找上下文信息，定位到第二段第三句话，“随着新的州加入联邦，南方希望尽可能多的州成为蓄奴州，这不仅是为了（not only to）支持这

28、些州的经济，也是为了防止北方在国会中获得多数席位，并很有可能修改宪法，使奴隶制完全成为非法（outlaw）”，从这里可知南方不仅仅为了眼前的利益争取更多州成为蓄奴州，更是怕能够让他们获利的奴隶制被废除，损坏了他们的长久利益，综上可以推断，南北方的根本冲突根源在于C选项“经济利益”。【干扰项排除】A选项“宗教信仰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“政治信仰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“地理差异”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。18. 【选项释义】18. It can be inferred from the context of Paragraph 4 that_. 18. 从第4段

29、的上下文可以推断出_。A. John-Wilkes Booth was one of the firebrands of the South A. 约翰威尔克斯布思是南方的煽动者之一B. the Democratic Party was strongly opposed to slavery B. 民主党强烈反对奴隶制C. with the election of Lincoln the South lost its majority in CongressC. 随着林肯的当选，南方失去了在国会的多数席位D. the Civil War could have been avoided if L

30、incoln had not won the election D. 如果林肯没有赢得选举，内战是可以避免的【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第四段最后一句话“就在这一年，约翰威尔克斯布思说我对这些人恨之入骨（So deep is my hatred），我真希望我能抓住他们，把他们消灭掉”，第二步，寻找上下文线索，上文提到南方经济靠奴隶制支撑，而林肯却主张废除奴隶制，动了南方的经济命脉，而这里威尔克斯表达了自己的仇恨，所以很可能会煽动南方反对废除奴隶制，由此可以推断答案选A选项“约翰威尔克斯布思是南方的煽动者之一”。【干扰项排除】B选项“民主党强烈反对奴隶制”，定位到

31、第四段第一句“到了1860年，当新的共和党（Republican Party）提名亚伯拉罕林肯为总统时，妥协不再起作用”，林肯是共和党人，他的意志代表全共和党人的意志，所以是共和党人想反对奴隶制，所以B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“随着林肯的当选，南方失去了在国会的多数席位”，定位到第四段第三句“随着那年11月林肯的当选，南方认为，南方各州将微弱的民主党多数席位输给那些希望废除奴隶制的人只是时间问题。”，从这里可知，是南方人自己认为自己的优势会被取代，这是假设不是事实，所以C选项错误，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“如果林肯没有赢得选举，内战是可以避免的”，定位到第四段第一句“到了1860年，

32、当新的共和党提名亚伯拉罕林肯为总统时，妥协不再起作用（no longer work）”，前文提到美国都是在用妥协换表面和平，但是只是因为林肯想遏制奴隶制就引起了南方人的不满，所以根本原因是经济原因（奴隶制是南方经济的命脉），不是因为林肯才造成，所以D选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。19. 【选项释义】19. What did Lincoln wish to do when he became President of the United States? 19. 当林肯成为美国总统时，他希望做什么?A. Make compromises. A. 做出妥协。B. Prevent the spread

33、 of slavery. B. 防止奴隶制的蔓延。C. Strike a balance. C. 保持平衡。D. Get prepared for war. D. 准备战争。【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第四段第二句“林肯想要遏制（contain）奴隶制的蔓延”，由此可知答案选B选项“防止奴隶制的蔓延”。【干扰项排除】A选项“做出妥协”，定位到第四段第一句“到了1860年，当新的共和党提名亚伯拉罕林肯为总统时，妥协不再起作用（no longer work）”，由此可知在林肯之前都是用妥协换和平，从no longer work可知这不是林肯的想法，这里属于反向干扰；

34、C选项“保持平衡”，定位到第三段“从而保持国会的权力平衡”，从这句可知，之前的政策都是用妥协换和平，这是以前的做法不是林肯现在的想法，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“准备战争”，文章只是提到林肯想废除奴隶制，但是没有提他想通过战争废除奴隶制，这里属于无中生有。20. 【选项释义】20. In what way was America unique in the family of nations? 20.美国在国际大家庭中有什么独特之处?A. It was the only nation that allowed the existence of slavery. A. 这是唯一允许奴隶制存在的国家

35、。B. It was the only nation that existed half-slave and half-free. B. 它是唯一一个半奴隶半自由的国家。C. It was the only nation whose government gave rights to the people. C. 这是唯一一个政府赋予人民权利的国家。D. It was the only nation whose government was elected by the people. D. 这是唯一一个政府由人民选举产生的国家。【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第五

36、段第二句话“在世界上所有的国家中，只有美国是由她的人民统治的（was governed by her people）”。第二步，综合理解，由此可知美国的独特之处就是人民自己统治自己，这是D选项“这是唯一一个政府由人民选举产生的国家”的同义替换，所以答案选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“这是唯一允许奴隶制存在的国家”，文章没有提到其他国家是否蓄奴，这里属于无中生有；B选项“它是唯一一个半奴隶半自由的国家”，文章没有提到美国是个半奴隶半自由的国家，这里属于无中生有；C选项“这是唯一一个政府赋予人民权利的国家”，定位到第五段第三句话“国王、女王、王子或皇帝统治着所有古老的国家，在这些国家里，权利由政府掌握

37、并赋予人民（given to the people）”，由此可知C选项是其他国家的特质不是美国的特别之处。3. 单选题Dont talk _ you are eating.问题1选项A.whileB.whenC.asD.as soon as【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. while 当时候 B. when 当时候C. as 正当时候 D. as soon as 一就【考查点】时间连词的辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“吃饭的时候不要说话”，“说话”和“吃饭”都是延续性动作，并且从句部分“吃饭的时候”使用的是现在进行时，。因此，时间连词应该使用A选项while“当时候”。【干扰项排除】B选项whe

38、n的用法：表示“每当时候”，暗示一种规律性的情况时；主句是一个暂时性动作，从句是一个延续性动作；C选项as的用法：主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”的意思时；两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于“随着”；主句是一个暂时性动作，从句是一个延续性动作；D选项as soon as“一就”，表示两个动作几乎同时发生，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】吃饭的时候不要说话。4. 单选题My car crawled along a main road where a line of traffic was _ so tightly together that it was almost stationary

39、.问题1选项A.wedgedB.crowdedC.squeezedD.compacted【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. wedged 塞进，插入 B. crowded 挤满，塞满C. squeezed 挤压，捏 D. compacted 把紧压在一起（或压实）【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由it was almost stationary（几乎静止不动）可知，交通是非常拥挤的，而wedge表示“塞满”。因此，该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项表示人群拥挤；C、D选项都指由于外力作用在物体上造成的挤压。【句意】我的车在一条主干道上缓慢行驶，那条主干道上的车辆紧紧地挤在一起，几乎静止不动

40、。5. 单选题They _ on a cure for tuberculous while they were doing research on something else.问题1选项A.founderedB.stumbledC.fumbledD.tripped【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. foundered 破产，沉没 B. stumbled 蹒跚而行C. fumbled 笨手笨脚地做 D. tripped 将绊倒【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】由宾语a cure for tuberculous（治疗肺结核）可知，“发现”符合语境，而stumble on为固定搭配，表示“意外发现，

41、偶然发现”。因此，该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C选项都不与on搭配；D选项trip on表示“在上失误”，不符合句意。【句意】他们在研究其他东西的时候偶然发现了一种治疗肺结核的方法。6. 单选题_ the bad weather has delayed the flight, so it would be several hours before they could arrive.问题1选项A.PresumablyB.RespectivelyC.ImaginablyD.Plausibly【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. Presumably 大概 B. Respectively 分

42、别地，各自地C. Imaginably 可想象地 D. Plausibly 似真地【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】由结果状语从句中的would be可知，这里表示推测，所以空格处填入presumably符合语境。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都不表示推测，不符合句意。【句意】大概是恶劣的天气延误了航班，所以他们要等好几个小时才能到达。7. 单选题What job have you applied _?问题1选项A.withB.toC.atD.for【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. with 带有 B. to 朝；向C. at 在 D. for 为了【考查点】介词搭配与短语辨析【解题思路】原句语

43、义为“你_什么工作”，空格前为applied，固定搭配apply for“申请”符合语义搭配；apply for a job“申请工作”。因此，D选项for“为了”符合搭配要求。【干扰项排除】A选项with“带有”，不符合原文搭配；B选项to“朝；向”，apply to表示“申请”时，其后接的是学校、公司等，与原文“工作”不搭配；apply to还可以表示“适用；应用”；C选项at“在”，不符合原文搭配。【句意】你申请了什么工作？8. 单选题Paul was so _ about his baldness that he wore a hat, whether it was winter or

44、 summer.问题1选项A.self-composedB.self-consciousC.self-confessedD.self-confident【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. self-composed 镇定的，沉着的 B. self-conscious 难为情的，自己意识到的C. self-confessed 自动坦白的，公开承认的 D. self-confident 自信的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由baldness（秃顶）可知，Paul对此是难为情的，所以self-conscious符合句意。因此，该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都不符合句意。【句意】保

45、罗对自己的秃顶感到很难为情，无论是冬天还是夏天，他都戴帽子。9. 单选题Experts believe the large number of cancer cases in the area is _ the new nuclear power station.问题1选项A.resulted fromB.concerned aboutC.related toD.dependent on【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. resulted from 起因于，由引起 B. concerned about 关心C. related to 与有关 D. dependent on 依赖于，依靠【考查点

46、】词组辨析。【解题思路】由the large number of cancer cases（大量的癌症病例）与new nuclear power station（新核电站）可知，它们两个之间是“有联系的”，而且be related to表示“与有关”符合句意。因此，该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】B、D选项不符合句意；A选项result from本身就有被动的含义在里面，所以前面不需要be动词，故排除。【句意】专家认为该地区大量的癌症病例与新核电站有关。10. 翻译题孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派(Confucianism)的创始人，被尊称为古代的“圣人”(sage)。他的言

47、论和生平活动记录在论语 (The Analects) 一书中。论语是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了很大影响。不研究论语，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，对中国社会产生了深远的影响。在21世纪的今天，孔子的学说不仅受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。【答案】【参考译文】Confucius is a famous thinker and educator in Chinese history. He is the founder of Confucianism and is respectfully refe

48、rred to as an ancient “sage”. His words and life activities are recorded in The Analects.The Analects of Confucius is a classic work of ancient Chinese culture, which has exerted a great influence on the thinkers, writers and statesmen of successive dynasties. Without studying the Analects of Confuc

49、ius, one cannot truly grasp the traditional Chinese culture of thousands of years. Many of Confucius thoughts, especially his educational thoughts, have had a profound impact on Chinese society.In the 21st century, the teachings of Confucius are not only valued by the Chinese people, but also increa

50、singly by the whole international community.11. 单选题Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sand paintings of the

51、Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead

52、. To counteract this evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a “singer” to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will produce a sand painting on the

53、 floor of the Navaho hogan (泥盖木屋). On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sand painting and the “singer” will rub the ailing parts of the patients body with sand from a specific figure in the sand painting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatu

54、ral being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sand painting is then destroyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone.The art of sand painting is handed down from old “singers” to their students. The materials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit; brown, re

55、d, yellow, and white sandstone, which is pulverized （替弄碎）by being crushed between 2 stones much as corn is ground into flour. The “singer” holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and fore-finger onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and

56、great patience, he is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho does not allow reproduction of sand paintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this;

57、 however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft.1. The purpose of the passage is to_.2. The purpose of a healing ceremony lies in_.3. The “singer” rubs s

58、and on the patient because_.4. What is used to produce a sand painting?5. Which of the following titles will be best to suit the passage?问题1选项A.discuss the medical uses of sand paintings in medieval EuropeB.study the ways Navaho Indians handed down their painting artC.consider how Navaho “singers” t

59、reat their ailments with sand paintingsD.tell how Navaho Indians apply sand painting for medical purposes问题2选项A.pleasing the ghostsB.attracting supernatural powersC.attracting ghostsD.creating a sand painting问题3选项A.the patient receives strength from the sandB.it has pharmaceutical valueC.it decorate

60、s the patientD.none of the above问题4选项A.PaintB.Beach sandC.Rushed sandstoneD.Flour问题5选项A.A New Direction for Medical ResearchB.The Navaho Indians Sand PaintingsC.The Process of Sand Painting CreationD.The Navaho Indians Medical History【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一步关注首段核心句，首

61、段核心句是第一段最后一句Such could be said of the sand paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.“美国西南部纳瓦霍族印第安人的沙画就是这样；这些具有医学和艺术目的”。第二步，分析文章的行文结构，文章的行文是总分结构，先通过艺术也可以有其实际功能性这个话题引出美国印第安人的一种沙画，第二段讲述沙画的用途，第三段讲述“沙画”这种仪式的具体过程，最后一段讲沙画的传承。第三步，提炼复现词，第一段these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose（这些具有医学和艺