2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题57（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Able to go almost anywhere, even over the mountainous Allegheny barrier, the railroad（ ）terrain and weather.问题1选项A.defiedB.resistedC.counterpoisedD.suppressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅”；B选项resist“抵抗，抗拒；忍耐”；C选项counterpoise“使平衡；均衡”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意

2、：几乎可以去任何地方，甚至可以越过阿勒格尼山脉，铁路 地形和天气。根据句意可知，这里是指铁路可以不受地形和天气的影响，即“藐视”地形和天气，A选项正确。2. 单选题In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw, having extracted them from the mouths of hi

3、s slaves.Thats a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made availabl

4、e in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nations early leaders and th

5、e fragile nature of the countrys infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privat

6、ely expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imp

7、erfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation. And th

8、e statesmens political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803;

9、the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemingss children, though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers duri

10、ng the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washingtons dental surgery is mentioned to （ ）37. We may infer from the second p

11、aragraph that（ ）38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?39. Which of the following is true according to the text?40. Washingtons decision to free slaves originated from his（ ）问题1选项A.show the primitive medical practice in the past.B.demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.C.stress the role

12、 of slaves in the U.S. history.D.reveal some unknown aspect of his life.问题2选项A.DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.B.in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.C.historians deliberately made up some stories of Jeffersons life.D.political compromises are

13、 easily found throughout the U.S. history.问题3选项A.His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.B.His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C.His attitude towards slavery was complex.D.His affair with a slave stained his prestige.问题4选项A.Some Founding Fathers benefit politically

14、from slavery.B.Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.C.Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D.Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.问题5选项A.moral considerations.B.military experience.C.financial conditions.D.political stand.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】36.【试题答案

15、】D【试题解析】作者意图题。分析出作者是如何从华盛顿的轶事过渡到下文主题的，是本题的解题关键。纵观全文，从“华盛顿使用奴隶的牙”，到“华盛顿看到樱桃树的典型形象”，再到“奴隶制在开国元勋的生活中扮演的角色”可知，华盛顿是行文的线索，作者从讲述他鲜为人知的故事入手，引出话题，因此D选项“揭示了他生活中未知的一面”正确。37.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第五句Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nations early leaders and the fragile natu

16、re of the countrys infancy（几位历史学家的著作揭示了美国早期领导人做出的道德妥协，以及这个国家初期的脆弱本质）可推断出，B选项“在建国初期，美国面临着微妙的局势”正确。38.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第二句While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they help

17、ed to create（虽然华盛顿和杰斐逊私下里表达了对奴隶制的厌恶，但他们也明白，奴隶制是他们帮助创建的美国政治和经济基础的一部分）可知，虽然杰斐逊私下厌恶奴隶制，但也明白其政治生涯也得益于奴隶制，显然他对奴隶制的态度是复杂的，C选项正确。39.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第五句中的The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800（这个五分之三的公式让杰斐逊在1800年的总统选举中以微弱优势获胜）可以推断出，A选项“一些开国元

18、勋在政治上受益于奴隶制”符合题意。40.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章最后一段第二句Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will（华盛顿在目睹了

19、美国独立战争期间黑人士兵的英勇事迹后，开始相信人人生而平等。他克服了亲戚们的强烈反对，在遗嘱中赋予了他的奴隶自由）可知，B选项正确。3. 单选题No modern industrial enterprises can（ ）for a moment without rules and set procedures.问题1选项A.makeB.doC.tryD.perform【答案】B【解析】动词do可以用来表达完成一些日常的活动或工作。注意，这些活动通常都是没有产出具体实物的活动，所以do符合本题语义；make用来表达构造、建立和创造的意思，用来表达创造出可以触碰的实物的活动，所以排除。C、D词义

20、不符。4. 单选题The old mans face is（ ）the lines of pressure and exhaustion that have accumulated over the years.问题1选项A.branded withB.blended withC.complimented byD.complemented by【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项中brand意为“给打上烙印”；B选项中blend意为“混合”；C选项中compliment意为“恭维；称赞”；D选项中complement意为“补足，补助”。句意：老人脸上（ ） 岁月累积的压力和疲惫的皱纹。根据句

21、意可推断出A选项正确，be branded with有“被打上烙印；带有的印记”的意思，在此句中可翻译为“布满”。5. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.41. The crucial point is this: labor, land and money are essential elements of industry; they also must be organized in market; in

22、 fact, these markets form an absolutely vital part of the economic-system. But labor, land and money are obviously not commodities. Labor is only another name for a human activity which goes with life itself, which in its turn is not produced for sale but for entirely different seasons, nor can that

23、 activity be detached from the rest of life, be stored or mobilized; land is only another name for nature, which is not produced by man; actual money, finally, is merely a token of purchasing power which, as a rule, is not produced at all, but comes into being through the mechanism of banking or sta

24、te finance. None of them is produced for sale. The commodity description of labor, land and money is entirely fictitious.【答案】关键在于：劳动力、土地和金钱是工业的基本要素；在市场上，它们还必须以组织有序的形式呈现；事实上，这些市场构成了经济体系中绝对重要的一部分。然而劳动力、土地和金钱显然不是商品。劳动只不过是一种与生命相伴的人类活动的别名。这种人类活动不是为了出售而产生的，而是顺应不同季节而出现的。并且这种活动也不能与生命体的其他活动分离开来，无法被储存和调用。土地只是

25、自然的另一个名称，它不是由人类产生的；实际的货币仅仅是购买力的一种表征，一般来说，这种购买力根本无法被生产，而是通过银行或国家财政机制形成的。它们都不是为销售而存在的。对劳动、土地和金钱的商品性描述完全是虚构的。6. 单选题The road outside the school is a menace to the childrens safety. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.troubleB.headacheC.barrierD.threat【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项trouble“麻烦；烦恼”；B选项headache“头痛；麻烦”；

26、C选项barrier“障碍物，屏障；界线”；D选项threat“威胁”。句意：学校外面的道路对孩子们的安全是个（ ） 。根据逻辑可知，对学生而言，校外的道路是有交通安全隐患的，即“威胁”，因此D选项正确。7. 单选题（ ） fabrics usually dont wrinkle as much as cotton.问题1选项A.SymbolicB.SympatheticC.SyntheticD.Systematic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项symbolic“象征的；符号的”；B选项sympathetic“同情的；和谐的”；C选项synthetic“综合的；合成的，人造的”；D选

27、项systematic“系统的；体系的”。句意：合成纤维织物通常没有棉织物那么容易起皱。由空格后的关键词“fabrics纤维织物”可知“合成的”符合句意，因此C选项正确。8. 单选题Many of the successful men, had they be enable to choose for themselves, would have selected some quite different professions（ ）they have made fortunes.问题1选项A.from that in whichB.from whichC.in whichD.from wha

28、t【答案】A【解析】from that in which 相当于(different profession) from the professions in which they make fortunes in sth“靠致富”。只有A正确。9. 单选题Some of the ideas are very simple and sound intuitively plausible. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.directlyB.reasonablyC.franklyD.instinctively【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项direct

29、ly“直接地；立即；马上”；B选项reasonably“合理地；相当地；适度地”；C选项frankly“坦率地；老实说”；D选项instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意为“直观地；直觉地”，D选项的意思最为接近。句意：有些想法非常简单，听起来觉得很有道理。10. 单选题Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates

30、,” as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isnt writing at all. Its a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at l

31、east 80,000 years. Thus talking came first; wring is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow. Over time, writers took advantage of t

32、his and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one: “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and”No one talks like that casuallyor should.

33、But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didnt much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging doand a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its

34、economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.Take LOL. It doesnt actually mean “laughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothi

35、ng is remotely amusing. Joeelyn texts “Where have you been?” and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signal basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it does somethingconveying an attitu

36、dejust like the -ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning” anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar.Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any ki

37、nd of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed.Civilization, then, is finepeople banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak diffe

38、rently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers.16. What do critics say about texting?17. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?18. Why is LOL much used in texting?19. Examples like m

39、eat and silly are cited to show（ ）.20. What does the author think of texting?问题1选项A.It is mainly confined to youngsters.B.It competes with traditional writing.C.It will ruin the written language.D.It is often hard to understand.问题2选项A.It is crafted with specific skills.B.It expresses ideas more accu

40、rately.C.It does not have as long a history.D.It is not as easy to comprehend.问题3选项A.It brings texters closer to each other.B.It shows the texters sophistication.C.It is a trendy way to communicate.D.It adds to the humor of the text.问题4选项A.the difference between writing and talkingB.how differently

41、words are used in textingC.why people use the words the way they doD.the gradual change of word meaning问题5选项A.It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.B.It is a new form of verbal communication.C.It deteriorates peoples composition skills.D.It hastens the decline of the written word.【答案】第1题:C第2

42、题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】16、【试题答案】 C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句话“Texting has long been bemoaned as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it”（长久以来，短信一直被认为是书面文字的衰落，一位评论家称它为“文盲的书法”）。选项C“它会破坏了书面语言”对应这句话中的the downfall of the written word。A、B、D与评论

43、家的说法无关，所以排除。因此C选项正确。17、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“writing is different from talking”可定位到第二段第五句话“However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow”（然而，说话很大程度上是潜意识的、快速的，而写作则是深思熟虑的、缓慢的）可知deliberate这个词来看，与B选项表达中的accurately最接近，所以最佳选项为B选项。A、D选项在文中没有相关表述；C选项关于写作的历史第

44、二段开头可知，写作是位于谈话之后的，历史也是很长的，所以排除。因此B选项正确。18、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“LOL”我们定位到文章中第四段第五句话“LOL signal basic empathy(同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality”（LOL代表了发信息的人之间基本的同感，以及缓和紧张气氛和找到公平的感觉）可知那么“同感”就对应着选项A中的closer to each other，即让人与人之间的距离更近。所以最佳选项为A选项。LOL一开始的字面意义为“笑出来

45、了”，甚至在没什么好玩的时候也会使用它，但没有关于其幽默的表述，所以排除D选项；B、C选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此A选项正确。19、【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“meat and silly”可定位到第五段第三句话“Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed”（随着时间的推移，一个单词或短语的含义也在不断变化meat被用来表示任何一

46、种食物，silly被用来表示，信不信由你，上天保佑）可知这是个举例，而其观点在前面部分，即“the meaning of a word or an expression drifts”所以meat and silly显示出了词语意义的变化。Drift对应着D选项中的change。A、B、C均不符合题意，所以排除。因此D选项正确。20、【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话“Its a spoken language that is getting richer and more complex by the year”（这是一种“口语”语言，它正变得越来越丰富和复杂）以及最

47、后一段最后一句话“Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers”（世界各地的人们说话的方式和书写的方式大不相同。短信快速、随意、只供阅读一次的短信其实是用手指在说话）可知这两句话都处于文章表达观点的段落，表达的意思为它是一种新的语言交流形式，和B选项构成同义的关系。所以最佳选项是B选项。A选项“它促进了人们之间思想

48、的交流”在文中有提及，但不能概括全篇内容；C选项说法错误，文中提到没有证据表明短信正在破坏写作技巧；D选项体现在本文第一句，但是不是作者的想法，所以排除。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题Directions: Reading the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank from the four choices marked A, B, C or D.A four-year college degree, seen for generations as a ticket to a bette

49、r life, is（11）enough to guarantee a steadily rising paycheck.Just ask Bea Dewing. After she earned a bachelors degreehis secondin computer science from Marylands Frostburg State University in 1986, she enjoyed almost unbroken advance in（12）, eventually earning $89,000 a year as a data modeler for Sp

50、rint Corp in Lawrence, Ken. Then, in 2002, Sprint laid her off.“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or months at most,” says Ms. Dewing, now 56 years old.（13）she spent the next six years in a career wilderness, starting in internet cafe that didnt succeed, working（14）job and low-end positions i

51、n data processing, and fruitlessly（15）hundreds of job postings. The low point came around 2004 when a recruiter for Sprintnow known as Sprint Nextel Corp.called seeking to fill a job similar to the one she（16）two years earlier, but paying barely a third of her old salary.In April, Ms. Dewing finally

52、 landed a job（17）her old one in the information technology department of Wal-Mart Store Inc.s headquarters in Bentonville, Ark, where she relocated. She（18）about 20% less than she did in 2002, adjusted for inflation, but considers herself fortunate, and wiser.A degree, she says, “isnt any big guaran

53、tee of employment, its a basic（19）, a step you have to take to（20）be considered for many professional jobs.” A college degree may not take you as far as youd expect, although there may still be a few fields where a bachelors degree still remains a worthy investment.问题1选项A.definitelyB.no longerC.rare

54、lyD.impossible问题2选项A.securityB.promotionC.benefitsD.wages问题3选项A.FurthermoreB.DespiteC.InsteadD.And问题4选项A.temporaryB.variousC.similarD.technical问题5选项A.responded toB.responding forC.responding toD.respond through问题6选项A.gotB.gave upC.lostD.secured问题7选项A.related toB.similar toC.compared withD.in contras

55、t with问题8选项A.earnsB.contributesC.offersD.pays问题9选项A.qualityB.requirementC.promiseD.possibility问题10选项A.justB.thoughC.yetD.even【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C第6题:C第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D【解析】11. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项definitely“清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地”；B选项no longer“不再”；C选项rarely“很少地；难得；罕有地”；D选项impossible“不可能的；不可能存

56、在的”。句意：四年制本科学位在多少代人的眼中都被看作是通往美好生活的门票，而现在，它已不再能保证薪水的稳定增长了。根据句意，此处有转折的含义，因此B选项正确。12. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项security“安全，安全性；保证；证券；抵押品”；B选项promotion“提升，晋升；促销；促进”；C选项benefit“利益，好处”；D选项wage“工资；报酬”。句意：她几乎不间断地享受加薪。由空格后的关键词“earning $89,000 a year年薪89000美元”可知“工资”符合句意，因此D选项正确。13. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项

57、furthermore“此外；而且”；B选项despite“即使，尽管”；C选项instead“反而；相反”；D选项and“和；然后”。句意：但恰恰相反，接下来的六年中她在求职道路上处处碰壁。由上文“I thought I might be looking a few weeks or months at most我觉得自己最多只要几周或几个月时间就能找到工作”，可推知此处表转折，instead“反而；相反”符合句意，因此C选项正确。14. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义与词义辨析。A选项temporary“ 暂时的，临时的”；B选项various“各种各样的；多方面的”；C选项si

58、milar“相似的”；D选项technical“工艺的，科技的”。句意：从事数据处理方面的临时工作和低端职位。“暂时的”符合句意，因此A选项正确。15. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语法和词义辨析。A选项respond to“响应；回答；对反应”；B选项respond for“作出反应/响应”；C选项与A选项相同；D选项respond through“通过反应/响应”。句意：也曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告，但都无功而返。这里要表达的意思是“responding to hundreds of job postings曾经回复过数百个职位招聘广告”，且“responding to”和前文的“st

59、arting” “working”为并列结构，因此C选项正确。16. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项get“获得；受到；变成”；B选项give up“放弃；交出”；C选项lose“浪费；使沉溺于；使迷路；遗失；错过”；D选项secure“保护”。句意：最低潮的时候是在2004年左右，斯普林特现在的Sprint Nextel Corp.的一个招聘人员打来电话，职位与她两年前失去的工作类似，但薪水只有她原先的三分之一。根据上文可知，杜因两年前曾经失去过一份工作，因此C选项正确。17. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词组辨析。A选项relate to“与有关”

60、；B选项similar to“与相似；和相同”；C选项compare with“与相比较”；D选项in contrast with“与形成对比；与相比”。句意：杜因终于在阿肯色州本顿维尔的沃尔玛连锁公司（Wal-Mart Stores Inc.）总部的信息技术部门找到了一份与老本行差不多的工作。句子要表达的是“一份与之前工作相似的工作”，“similar to与相似”符合句意，因此B选项正确。18. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义和词义辨析。A选项earn“赚；获得；挣得”；B选项contribute“贡献；有助于”；C选项offer“提供；出价”；D选项pay“支付；给予”。句意：

61、她现在的薪水经通胀因素调整后比2002年的薪水低了20%左右。根据上下文可知“earn赚；获得；挣得”符合句意，因此A选项正确。19. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项quality“质量，品质；特性；才能”；B选项requirement“要求；必要条件；必需品”；C选项promise“许诺，允诺；希望”；D选项possibility“可能性”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。“requirement要求”符合句意，因此B选项正确。20. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项just“ 只是，仅仅”；B

62、选项though“虽然，尽管”；C选项yet“还；但是；已经”；D选项even“甚至，即使”。句意：学位并不是找到工作的大保证，它是一项基本要求，甚至是许多专业职位考虑聘用你时必须采取的一步。根据句意可知even“甚至”正确，因此D选项正确。12. 单选题In digital electronics, signals are broken down into thousands, maybe millions,（ ）, which are encoded as zeroes and ones.问题1选项A.of bits of informationB.of much in formationC.of little in formationD.of information【答案】A【解析】information 是不可数名词，选项D错；little information 否定含义，不符合本题句意，C选项错；B选项语义不通。只有A选项正确。13. 单选题The governments inability to （ ） its own laws and regulations disappointed the electorate.问题1选项A.guaranteeB.strik