初中英语初三UnitOne梳理(人教版)

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1、【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 1 How do you study for a test?二. 教学重点难点：熟练准确地掌握本模块的词和短语及句式三. 词和短语1. make/use flashcards 制作/使用抽认卡2. make a vocabulary list 制作词汇表3. listen to tapes 听磁带listen to the teacher carefully 认真听课4. ask sb. for help 寻求帮助 He is asking for help. 他正在求救。ask sb to do sth. 叫某人做某事 tell sb about s

2、th 告诉某人某事5. study for a text 为一次测试学习 6. work with sb 与某人一起工作7. watch English news 看英语新闻8. practice conversations with sb 与某人练习对话9. read/speak aloud=read loudly 大声说10. improve my listening/speaking skills 提高听力/口语技巧11. too hard to understand the voices 太难了而听不懂(说的内容) tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to

3、 do sth. 如：Im too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。12. the best way to learn English 学英语的最好方法13. specific advice/suggestions 详细而精确的建议14. feel differently 觉得不同15. frustrate sb = make sb frustrated 使某人沮丧find sth frustrating 发现某事沮丧16. read English magazines 看英语杂志 17. help a lot/a little 帮助很多/很少18. jo

4、in an English club 参加英语俱乐部19. not at all 根本不20. end up doing sth 最后做某事21. spoken/oral English 英语口语22. make mistakes in sth 在某方面出错make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。23. first of all24. to begin with 以开始25. later on 随后26. be afraid

5、to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth/sb 害怕 27. laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 如：Dont laugh at me! 不要取笑我!28. make complete sentences 造完整的句子29. take notes=write down the notes 做笔记30. have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth做某事有困难31. look up the words in a dictionary用字典查阅单词32. make up conversations 组成对话33. deal with=do with

6、处理34. be angry with 对感到生气35. stay angry 持续生气36. go by （时间）过去、消逝 Time goes by. 时间流逝。37. decide to do 决定做某事如： Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。decide not to do 决定不做某事38. last for a long time 持续很长时间39. talk to each other 互相谈话40. on duty 值日Its ones duty to do sth 做某事是某人的职责Its our duty to

7、distribute to the society.41. regard sth as a challenge 把某事视为挑战42. too much + n. 太多much too + adj. 太43. change problems/troubles/difficulty into challenge 把困难变成挑战44. try ones best to do sth 尽力做某事45. with the help of sb 在某人帮助下 = with ones help 如：with the help of Li Lei = with Li Leis help 在李雷的帮助下 hel

8、p sb (to) do sth = help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事46. compare A to B 把A与B进行对比47. physical problems 生理缺陷四. 重点、难点、考点及疑点讲解1. by asking the teacher for help（P2）通过向老师寻求帮助(1)“ask+ sb+ for+名词”意为“向某人请求”;“向某人要求”。They asked me for help.他们向我求助。We asked our PE teacher for a football.我们请求体育老师给我们一个足球。(2)by作介词时，后接动词-ing形

9、式，这是中考的重点，大家可不要忘记啊！“通过的方式”。Mr Green makes a living by teaching.格林先生以教书为生。“经过（某人/某物）”。He went by the supermarket on his way to school.在去上学的路上，他经过那家超市。“在旁边，在附近”。Li Lei sits by my side in the classroom.在教室里，李雷坐在我的旁边。“在之前，不迟于”。I can finish doing my homework by six oclock. 我能在6点之前做完作业。表示交通方式，意为“乘”。I usua

10、lly go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车去上学。特别提示by作副词时，相当于near，意为“靠近”。The thief stole the money when no one was by.当旁边无人的时候，小偷偷走了钱。短语链接by and by “不久”,“一会儿”。Its 12 oclock now and we will go home by and by.现在12点了，过一会儿我们就要回家了。by the way “顺便说一下”。By the way, I forgot to tell you the news. 哦，对了，我忘记告诉你那个消息了。2. He

11、s been learning English for six years and really loves it. (P4)他已经学了六年的英语，而且的确很喜欢它。Hes是He has的缩写。这是一个现在完成进行时态的句子，由“助动词have/has+been+现在分词”构成，用来表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。请看：Mr Green has been lying in bed for two weeks. 格林先生已经卧床两个星期了。We have been teaching in this school for eight and a half years.

12、我们在这所学校教书已经8年半了。3. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. (P4)她补充说，和朋友交谈一点帮助都没有。（1）add的常见意思为“增加，添上，加上”。在本句中表示在说完上面的话语后又添加一些话语，是“又说，补充说”的意思。It will add to your troubles. 这将会给你们增添麻烦的。Mr Smith added that he would be back soon. 史密斯先生补充说他很快就会回来。（2）at all与not, no, nothing

13、, nobody, nowhere等表示否定意义的词连用，用来加强否定意义，表示“完全不，一点儿都不，丝毫不”的意思。He doesnt like swimming at all.他一点儿都不喜欢游泳。There is nothing in the room at all.房间里面什么东西都没有。not at all单独使用时，用来回答对方的感谢或道歉，相当于Thats all right, Youre welcome等。但是,Youre welcome主要用于美国英语中，而英国人则多用Not at all。Thank you very much for your help.非常感谢你的帮助！

14、Not at all./Thats all right./Youre welcome.别客气。4. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. (P4) 有些话题让我们兴奋不已 ，最后干脆说起汉语来。（1）be/get excited about意思是“对感到兴奋”，其中about后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。She got excited about it as soon as she heard the good news.她一听到那个好消息，就变得很兴奋。Are you excited ab

15、out going to Shanghai? 你对去上海感到兴奋吗？类似短语be/get worried about “对感到担心”，be amazed at“对感到惊讶”，be pleased with“对感到满意”。(2)excited表示某人对某物或某事“感到兴奋，激动”，主语常为人。We were excited when we saw our team was winning.看到自己的球队要赢了，我们都十分激动。特别提示exciting作“令人激动的”，“令人兴奋的”解时，常用来修饰物或事。The football match we watched was very excitin

16、g.我们观看的那场足球赛非常激动人心。（3）end up意为“达到某状态或采取某行动，以结束或告终”，后面接动词-ing形式。He ended up running a firm. 他最终经营了一家公司。类似短语finish up“完成”, eat up“吃光”, burn up“烧光”。5. Maybe you should join an English language club. (P5)也许你应该参加某个英语俱乐部。(1)maybe和may be虽然写法相似，意思也相似，但是用法区别很大。maybe是副词，意为“也许，可能”，用作状语；may be意为“也许是，可能是”，may是情态

17、动词，与be一起作谓语。Maybe you put it there. 也许你把它放在那里了。But Im afraid I may be a little late. 但恐怕我可能是晚了一点。(2)join意为“参加，加入”，主要指参加、加入某党派、团体，成为一员，后面也可跟us, them, the young people等表示一群人的词或词组；而 take part in也意为“参加，加入”，指参加群众性的活动、会议、考试、竞赛等。My brother joined the League two years ago. 我的哥哥两年前就入团了。We are getting ready t

18、o take part in the speech contest.我们正准备参加这次演讲比赛。6. First of all, it wasnt easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. (P6)刚开始，当老师和全班学生说话的时候，她的话对我来说很难听懂。短语first of all意为“首先，第一”，在句中作状语，强调首要的事情是什么，不一定用于列举，常用于first of all., then., at last.，使说明的层次更清楚。First of all, I must finish my

19、 work. 首先，我必须完成我的工作。First of all, I want to say that thank you for coming. 首先，我想说的是感谢你们的到来。7. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. (P6)刚开始，她讲得太快，我不能每个词都听懂。本句中的to begin with意为“首先,第一点（理由）”。We cant go. To begin with, its too cold. Besides, weve no money. 我们不能去。首先是天

20、气太冷了；再者，我们没有钱了。begin with意为“以开始”，其后接动词时应用动词-ing形式。The book begins with a story. 这本书是以一个故事开头。The party began with dancing. 晚会是以舞蹈开头的。8. Later on, I realized that it doesnt matter if you dont understand every word. (P6)后来，我意识到即使不理解每个单词也没有关系。later on是由later与on构成的固定词组，但在意思和用法上与later既有相同之处，也有区别的地方。特别提示la

21、ter与later on的用法later作副词用，意为“后来”，“以后”，往往以以前或现在的时间或事情为基准，因此，常用于一般过去时或一般将来时。Later he learned how to repair television sets.后来他学会了修电视机。The radio says the sun will come out later.广播说太阳过些时候就会出来。later常和一个表示时间的名词连用，构成“时间段+later”结构。He came back a week later.一星期后他回来了。魔力纠错两天后我再来拜访。误：I shall call again two days

22、 later.正：I shall call again in two days.魔力解析“时间段+later”不可用于从现在算起的若干时间以后。说“从（现在起）之后”，应该用“in+时间段”。later on作副词短语使用，也是“后来”，“以后”的意思，有时可与later互换。That happened later on/later.后来那件事发生了。later on只可单独使用，不能用于“时间段+later on”结构。9. It helped a lot. (P6)它很有帮助。在本句中a lot用作副词，表示“非常，相当”，等于very much。Thanks a lot. = Thank

23、s very much.多谢。He is feeling a lot better today.他今天感觉好多了。a lot还可作“经常，常常”解，相当于often。They use the recorder a lot in English class.在英语课上，他们常用录音机。a lot of=lots of，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，意为“许多”，相当于many或much。There is a lot of(=lots of) homework to do.有许多作业要做。魔力纠错她在穿上没有花很多钱。误：She doesnt spend a lot of money on dress

24、es.正：She doesnt spend much money on dresses.10. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. (P6) 我认为做大量的听力练习是成为一个好的语言学习者的秘诀之一。(1)该句是由that引导的宾语从句，当主句用一般现在时态时，从句可以用任意时态；当主句用过去时态时，从句则要用相应的过去时态。I hear that Mr Brown has been to Shanghai. 我听说布朗先

25、生去过上海。He said these answers were right. 他说这些答案是正确的。(2)one of意为“(中的)一个”，其后接名词的复数形式，如有形容词修饰名词时，形容词要用最高级。Mr Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。11. How do we deal with our problems? (P8)我们怎样处理我们的问题？本句中的deal with意为“处理，解决”，相当于do with，其主语通常是人或物。I have many problems to

26、deal with. 我有许多问题要解决。 deal with作“与打交道”，“与做买卖”解时，主语通常是人、公司、商店等。My elder brother will deal with you later on. 我哥哥以后会来收拾你的。特别提示deal in有时也可以表示“与做买卖”，但后面跟具体的商品。This shop deals in computers. 这家商店做电脑买卖。12. Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents or teachers. (P8)我们中的大部分人可能都生过我们的朋友、父母或

27、老师的气。本句中的be angry with意为“对某人生气”，后面常跟人作宾语；当表示生气的原因时，可以加上for doing sth。He was angry with me for not having done anything. 我什么也没有做，他为此很生气。特别提示be angry at表示“因某事生气”，后面接表示言行的名词、代词或V.-ing形式或从句作宾语。He was rather angry at missing the bus.他因没有赶上公共汽车而相当生气。He was angry at what I said. 他对我所说的感到生气。13. Time goes by

28、, and good friendships may be lost. (P8)时间流逝，良好的友谊可能也就随之逝去了。(1)go by是不及物动词短语，意为“走过”，“（时间）消逝，流逝”。Two weeks went by. 两周过去了。(2)lost是lose的过去分词。lose意为“丢失，失去”时，语气较强，一般指失去不易找回。The man lost a leg in the war. 那个人在战争中失去了一条腿。知识拓展miss意为“丢失，失去”时，指东西或人丢失了，但有找到的希望。She missed her child in the street. 她在街上把孩子丢了。miss

29、可以表示“想念”的意思，而lose则不能。We shall all miss you when you are away. 你不在时我们都会想念你的。特别提示作定语或表语时，lose用过去分词形式，miss用现在分词形式。Who has found my lost pen? 谁找到了我丢失的钢笔？They set out to look for the missing girl at once.五. 语法1. 提建议的句子：2. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。 aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在

30、动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声说笑。

31、3. 4. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一 如：She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。5. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事 如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English6. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句 如：You will fail unless you work hard. 假如你不

32、努力你会失败。 I wont write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写。 如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year Im going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。 I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。【典型例题】中考聚焦考点1. by +v-ing 结构-_ do you study English?（2006福建宁德)

33、-By listening to tapes.A. How B. Where C. When D. Why【要点简析】通过答语By listening to tapes“通过听磁带”，可知问句是对方式或方法提问，用疑问副词 how。选 A。考点2. enjoy doing sth.Sam enjoys stamps. And now he has 226 of them.（2006北京）A. to collect B. collected C. collects D. collecting 【要点简析】enjoy 后面接V.-ing形式作宾语，表示“喜欢做某事”。选D。考点3. sb. fin

34、d + sth. +形容词/sb. find + that 从句Did you find very interesting to play yo-yo? （2006甘肃兰州）A. thisB. itsC. thatD. it【要点简析】it用作形式宾语，动词不定式to play yo-yo作真正的宾语，放在后面。选D。用find + that 从句时主句和从句都用过去时，保持时态一致：Did you find it was very interesting to play yo-yo?考点4. 疑问词+动词不定式结构- Are you going to buy a camera?- Yes.

35、But there are so many kinds that I cant decide _ to buy.（2006湖北武汉）A. what B. which C. how D. where【要点简析】根据句意“有这么多种（照相机），以至于我无法决定买哪一种”，应该用疑问词which表示“哪一种”；不定式结构which to buy作动词的宾语。选B。考点5. unlessThe sports meet will continue it rains this afternoon. （2005天津）A. if B. since C. as soon as D. unless【要点简析】 u

36、nless“如果不；除非”，引导条件状语从句。选D。考点6. laugh atWe are often told at people in trouble. （2005天津）A. not to smile B. to smile C. not to laugh D. to laugh【要点简析】laugh at是固定搭配，意思是“嘲笑”，不定式的否定形式是not to do。选C。考点7. look up Youd better her number in the phone book.（2006广东汕头）A. look into B. look for C. look up 【要点简析】 l

37、ook up sth. in sth.“在中查找”，在本句中表示“在电话簿中查找电话号码”。选C。考点8. realizeLast Thursday when I got to the airport, I I had left my ticket at home.（2005辽宁大连）A. forgot B. realized C. believed D. seemed【要点简析】句子意思是：上周四我到达机场时，才意识到(realize)把机票落在家里了。选B。【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）I. 单项选择1. Jackson studied Chinese by _ tapes. A. l

38、istening B. to listenC. listening to D. to listening to2. -_ do you come to school every day? -By bike.A. What B. Why C. How D. For what3. A young man is practicing_ English with Mr. King on the train.A. to speak B. saying C. to say D. speaking4. -How do you study_ a test?-I study _ working_ a group

39、.A. for, in, with B. for, by, atC. for, by, with D. of, in, by5. The party_ with a beautiful song. A. ended up B. end up C. is ended up D. ending up6. -Have you_ studied_ a group?-Yes, I have. A. never; with B. ever; with C. ever; to D. always; with7. I think the best way to learn more English is to

40、 learn by_ English. A. speaking B. writing C. saying D. using8. The student is _ see the teacher because he_ a mistake. A. afraid of; has B. afraid to; has made C. afraid to; make D. afraid of; made9. Wang Ping speaks English as_ second language. A. the B. / C. a D. an10. English is very popular_ th

41、e world for computers. A. on B. for C. all over D. by11. My little son said that he couldnt understand the people who talked_.A. slowly B. clearly C. lastly D. quickly12. Please write a letter to tell your friend_ a better language learner. A. how to become B. when to become C. to become how D. why

42、to become13. All of us were_ at the _ news. A. amazing; amazing B. amazing; amazed C. amazed, amazing D. amazed ; amazed14. Have you _ to_ English well, can you tell me? A. learned ; learn B. learn; learn C. learn; learned D. learned; learning15. I found learning English _ because the teachers pronu

43、nciation was _. A. interesting; good B. hard; goodC. difficult; good D. frustrating; sweetII. 完形填空Like many other 17-year-old girls, Maria Sharapova likes to go shopping, talk with friends and read Harry Potter Books. But she is 16 very different.The Russian tennis player is one of the richest sport

44、swomen in the world.She can 17 100 million dollars a year. This year Sharapova has not only 18 five big games but also been 19 lots of fashion magazines. Will she let money and fame（名声） 20 the way she lives?“I have to keep my head cool. I leave business for 21 people. I just want to go out and play

45、tennis,” she said. Sharapova has strict 22 for herself. When she is not playing games, she usually practices for two hours each day 23 she stays fit.Her mother 24 her textbooks into pages, so she doesnt have to 25 many pages with her. She takes just three courses a year, doing homework a few times a

46、 week.“Im not really in a hurry,” she said. “Ive always been learning by myself.”16. A. even B. also C. just D. still17. A. make B. run C. hold D. set18. A. in B. on C. at D. of 19. A. got B. owned C. won D. created20. A. find B. feel C. stop D. change 21. A. another B. others C. the other D. other2

47、2. A. program B. plan C. practice D. way 23. A. because of B. if C. for D. so that 24. A. breaks B. cuts C. knocks D. hits 25. A. deal B. leave C. take D. keep III. 阅读理解AChildrens education is changing very rapidly today. In the past, teachers made children sit still for hours. They made them memori

48、ze all sorts of things. In other words, the children had to go on repeating the things until they know them “by heart”. Today many teachers wonder if it is possible to make children learn at all. They say you can only help them learn. They say you must let children learn and discover things for them

49、selves. But for some of the children, school is a kind of prison. They are there only because their parents make them go. They get out of the classroom as soon as their teacher let them leave. Many of them want to find jobs but the law will not let them work until they reach a certain age. And so, t

50、hey have to stay in school. Often they do not learn anything at all and hate every moment.26. The passage tells us something about_ in the past and today.A. different sort of childrenB. childrens educationC. different sort of schoolsD. teachers in some schools27. Why did children have to go on repea

51、ting the things until they memory them in the past? A. Because they enjoyed doing so. B. Because their parents asked them to do so. C. Because they were asked to do so. D. Because they were good at repeating things.28. For some of the children, school is a kind of prison because_. A. they dont like

52、schools B. their parents like schools C. there are many school rulers D. they have to stay in school29. What does the underline word “discover ”mean in the passage? A.制作 B. 评价 C.分析 D. 发现30. The passage tells us some of the children hate schools because _. A. their teacher didnt like them B. schools

53、were prisons at that time C. their parents made them go there D. they didnt reach a certain age to find jobsB Mobile phone (手机)has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned (禁止) students from carrying mobile phones during school hours. Mobile phone use among c

54、hildren has become a problem for the schools this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas presents, and more students want them. Mary Bluett, an official(官员), said mobile phone use is a distraction(分心) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in t

55、heir classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams. She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy, because they couldnt get in touch with their children. Many teachers said students should not have mobil

56、e phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school; they were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies. Many people say that they understand why pa

57、rents would like their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.31. Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phones _. A. because they are students B. when they are free C. when they are at sc

58、hool D. because they are children32. We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from _. A. the makers and sellers B. the passers-by and strangers C. their parents and friends D. some mobile phone users33. What does the word “cheat” mean in the passage in Chinese?A. 聊天 B.核对 C.查询 D. 作弊34. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldnt_ during school hours.A. use their mobile phonesB. leave their mobile phones at school officeC. help the teachers with their workD. get in touch with their childr