2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前模拟强化练习题75（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前模拟强化练习题75（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前模拟强化练习题75（附答案详解）（59页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题With the US economy slowing down, layoffs are everywhere. No industry is spared. If you end up having to start over, in addition to starting your job search, there are several things you should take care of to make your transition a smooth one.First and foremost

2、, clear up any misunderstanding about how and why you left your last job with your ex-boss. Whether you left voluntarily, were fired or were laid off due to budget cutbacks, make sure you both have the same explanation. Agree on job titles accordingly. Also ask for a reference if you think your ex-b

3、oss will offer one and you trust that he or she will speak honestly about your performance.You should have a source of emergency cash that you can use in the interim. Dont panic and liquidate your stocks and bonds just yet, be optimistic in your prospects while also be more frugal than usual. You sh

4、ould save money on not having to dry clean work clothes so often and eating less take-out lunches. Save money by not eating out at restaurants and watch videos rather than going to the movies every weekend. Mark a note of your job-hunting expenses, such as career counselor consulting fees and resume

5、 printing costs, and save the receipts. By next years tax-filing time, you could get deductions on your job-search expense (unless you left a job willingly or was a college graduate looking for your first job).Most companies terminate your medical insurance coverage as soon as you stop working for t

6、hem. But it doesnt mean you have to forgo medical coverage altogether. There is something called Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) in the United States that legally protects an ex-employees right to stay in the companys health care plan. However, the company will stop paying you

7、r premiums, and you will have to pay out of your pocket the expenses. This is still a good option compared to no health insurance at all.Another important thing to take care of when you change jobs is your 401(k) account. A 401(k) is the retirement fund that most companies offer. Its named after sec

8、tion 401(k) in the Internal Revenue Services policy documents. You put aside a percentage of your paycheck each pay period, and the money accumulated will be managed by the 401(k) fund manager your employer has hired and is invested in the stock market. You cannot withdraw money from this account un

9、til you reach this age, or you will incur penalties. When you leave a job, the money can sometimes be kept with your ex-employer for awhile. Its always a good idea to compare your new employers 401(k) plan with your old one. Every company offers different types of investment options, form overseas s

10、tocks to high-tech stocks and everything in between. If you dont want to transfer the account to your new employer, you need to go to the human resources department and ask for forms that help you make the transition.Dont forget to ask for job leads from your ex-coworker. Even if you are leaving for

11、 a job in another industry, you never know what people they happen to know that can help with your job search. Keep in touch with the friends you have make at your old job. Remember to anchor yourself to people, not institutions, and you will find that any transition is made easier.1.According to pa

12、ragraph 1, in the United States,（ ）.2.The word “interim” most probably means （ ） .3.Whats the point of saving the receipts of job-searching expense?4.COBRA ensures an ex-employee stay in the health care plan （ ） .5.Which statement is true according to this passage?问题1选项A.most industries stay unaffec

13、ted by global economic recessionB.each and every company spares no effort to survive the fierce competitionC.“compulsory redundancy” is going on in every industryD.employees are laid off because they are not qualified for their jobs.问题2选项A.intervalB.hard timeC.transitional periodD.emergency问题3选项A.To

14、 get reductions at tax-filing timeB.To keep a record of ones job-hunting experience.C.To be aware of ones expenditure and be frugal.D.Because ones ex-boss will reimburse the job-searching expense.问题4选项A.as long as the ex-employer continues to pay the premiumB.as long as the ex-employee continues to

15、pay the premiumC.as long as the ex-employee finds a new jobD.as long as the ex-employee is called back to the company问题5选项A.401 (k) account can be terminated by the employers anytime they want.B.401(k) account can be withdrawn by the unemployed staff before their retirement.C.401(k) fund is invested

16、 in international stock market only.D.401(k) account can be transferred from ones ex-employer to ones new employer.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“With the US economy slowing down, layoffs are everywhere. No industry is spared.”随着美国经济下跌, 裁员到处可见, 没有行业能够幸免。选项C符合原文。2.根据上下文可推测, 这是处于失业阶段, 所以

17、应该是处于过渡期。句意：你应该有个应急的现金资源以备在过渡期使用。选项C与之意思相近, 所以正确。3.根据第三段最后一句“By next years tax-filing time, you could get deductions on your job-search expense.”到明年报税的时候, 你就可以从你的求职费用中扣除。选项A符合原文。4.根据第四段倒数二三句, 美国有一项名为“综合预算协调法案”的法律, 保护前雇员享受公司医保计划的权利。然而, 公司将停止支付你的保费, 你将不得不自掏腰包支付费用。选项B正确。5.根据倒数第二段的最后一句, 如果你不想把这个账户转到你的新雇

18、主那里, 你需要去人力资源部索取一些表格来帮助你完成这个过渡。由此可以推断, 401(k)帐户可由前雇主转至新雇主。选项D符合原文。2. 单选题April the 3rd was the day we attempted to reach Mount Everest. The morning saw us ail up and rushing about the bungalow at daybreak. We bumped down the nine miles of dusty track, each clutching a camera or one of the more delica

19、te instruments to our chests in an endeavor to make our bodies absorb as many of the shocks from the bump track as possible. The ground staff was already busy on our arrival. The sheds where the aircraft were kept had been opened and the great machines were being manhandled out onto the tarmac. The

20、bottles of oxygen were carefully placed in their clips and connected to the system. The vertical cameras were titled and tested, and air frames and engines were inspected and tested in every detail.Pilots and observers fussed around their equipment, trying on many times before readjusting straps, el

21、ectric leads and oxygen feed pipes that had already been adjusted to a nicety. They then rechecked the charts which had been carefully prepared to allow accurately for the increasing wind speeds during the climb all trying to keep themselves occupied during that tense half-hour wait for the return o

22、f the reconnaissance machine.There had been so much preparation for this flight, and there was still so much of the unknown about it, that the crews could not help being slightly affected by the general excitement. Waiting is always unpleasant, and we were all relieved to see the reconnaissance mach

23、ine diving down through the dust haze. The Air Commodore who commanded it brought welcome news. Though he had been unable to climb above the dust, he had been able to see towards the mountains through the top of the haze and there was a cloudless sky. This was splendid: no cloud to mar the photograp

24、hy.We had promised not to attempt the flight if the wind exceeded 40 miles an hour, but this was the first time we had found the wind under 100 miles an hour. We worked out the implications and reckoned that, provided we did not spend more than fifteen minutes at the summit, we could get back inside

25、 our petrol endurance. We might wait for days and weeks and not get another opportunity. The Air Commodore weighed the position carefully and gave the word Go.1.The author and his colleagues held their instruments close to their chests because（ ） .2.When the members of the expedition arrived at the

26、aerodrome, the ground staff were （ ）.3.The crews of the aircraft kept checking their equipment（ ）.4.The purpose of this expedition to Mount Everest was to （ ） .5.The pilots took the opportunity to （ ） .6.The word tarmac in line 6 of paragraph 1 most probably means（ ） .7.The word “They” in line 3 of

27、paragraph 2 refers to （ ） .问题1选项A.there were so many people in the carB.the dust might have obscured their camerasC.the surface of the track was very unevenD.they wanted to protect themselves from bumps问题2选项A.maneuvering the aircraft into position on the runwayB.attaching the clips to the bottles of

28、 oxygenC.waiting to remove the machines from the shedsD.making to remove the machines from the sheds问题3选项A.to ensure that the straps of their oxygen masks were adjustableB.to pinpoint the position of the reconnaissance planeC.to verify the accuracy of the wind speeds shown in their chartsD.to keep t

29、hemselves busy until it was time to take off问题4选项A.investigate the atmospheric conditions on the mountainB.make an aerial survey of the summitC.test the breathing apparatus at high altitudeD.penetrate the dust haze surrounding the mountain问题5选项A.test the flying speed over the summit of the mountainB

30、.reach Mountain Everest despite the high rate of windC.fuss around their equipmentD.drive away unpleasant waiting问题6选项A.an officeB.a placeC.a paved surface for planes to take offD.a runway问题7选项A.strapsB.electric leadsC.oxygen feed pipesD.pilots and observers【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:C第7题:D【解析

31、】1.根据第一段的第三句“.each clutching a camera or one of the more delicate instruments to our chests in an endeavor to make our bodies absorb as many of the shocks from the bump track as possible.”每个人都把相机或更精密的仪器放在胸前, 努力让我们的身体尽可能地承受住来自颠簸轨道的冲击。选项D符合原文。2.根据第一段“The ground staff was already busy on our arrival. T

32、he sheds where the aircraft were kept had been opened and the great machines were being manhandled out onto the tarmac.”我们到达时, 地勤人员已经很忙了。存放飞机的棚子已经打开, 巨大的机器正被人工搬运到停机坪上。由此可知, 地勤人员是操纵飞机在跑道上就位, 选项A符合原文。3.根据第二段最后一句“.all trying to keep themselves occupied during that tense half-hour wait for the return of

33、 the reconnaissance machine.”在等待侦察机返回的紧张的半个小时里, 所有人都试图保持忙碌。也就是说, 他们不停的检查设备是为了让自己保持忙碌直到该起飞的时刻。选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的内容, 我们计算出了其中的含义, 并认为, 只要我们在山顶停留的时间不超过15分钟, 我们就能回到汽油续航力的范围内。由此可知, 这次探索珠穆朗玛峰的目的是为了对山顶作一次航空勘测。选项B符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容, 我们曾承诺, 如果风速超过40英里每小时, 我们就不会尝试飞行, 但这是我们第一次发现风速低于100英里每小时。我们可能会等上几天或几周, 错过这次就再也没

34、有下一次机会了。由此可知, 即使风速很大, 飞行员也要抓住这次机会登上珠穆朗玛峰。选项B正确。6.根据原文句意：存放飞机的棚子已经打开, 巨大的机器正被人工搬运到停机坪上。由此可知, “tarmac”指可供飞机起飞的地方, 选项C正确。7.根据句中的then可知, 本句是对上句的补充, 根据句意可知, 前后主语一致, “they”指代的是“pilots and observers”, 选项D正确。3. 单选题Scientific evidence from different （ ）demonstrates that in most humans the left hemisphere of

35、the brain controls languages.问题1选项A.principlesB.groundsC.disciplinesD.rules【答案】C【解析】principles原则；grounds根据, 理由；disciplines纪律, 学科；rules规则, 条例。句意：来自不同学科领域的科学证据表明, 大多数人的左脑控制着语言。选项C符合语境。4. 单选题In Great Britain today good manners at table include eating with the mouth closed, not letting any of the food （

36、1 ） the plate, using the knife only for cutting, and not trying to take food across the table. In other parts of the world there are also rules for people to follow when they are eating, （2 ） they are not the same as those of Britain. （3 ） , what are considered good table manners in some other count

37、ries are what British people try hardest to avoid. In Arabia, （4 ） , the people at a feast take pieces of food with their fingers and belch loudly to show that they （5 ） it.The richer and more educated people in the East have, （6 ） , to a great extent taken up the table manners and customs of Wester

38、n people. Tables and chairs （7 ） the cushions of the past, and the lady of the house （8 ） at one end of the table in the same way that Western women do. Many Japanese, however, still feel it would be wrong to eat unless they （9 ） on a cushion before a low table with a tray of food on it. In many par

39、ts of the world both traditional and Western styles of eating exist （10 ） .In the West there are differences between table manners in various countries, although they are not so （11 ） . In North America it is polite to （12 ） meat and then put the knife down, take the fork in the right hand, and eat

40、with it. Most European people, like the British, keep the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right all the time （13 ） they are eating food that has to be cut. In the British Isles and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland) special knives and forks are sued for eating fish. In Fran

41、ce, Belgium and Italy, （14 ） , it is correct to keep the same knife for every course, wiping it on a piece of bread.Drinking customs at table （15 ） vary in different countries. In Europe, water, wine or beer is drunk with meals and coffee or tea is taken afterwards. In North America a beverage （16 ）

42、 coffee, tea or milk is drunk with meals.Table manners of course （17 ） with time. The earliest meals were also the simplest. They were eaten sitting on the ground round a fire, and everyone took his food from a pot （18 ） the fire or cut bits from the animal or bird that had been cooked. The women wa

43、ited on the warriors and afterwards ate what they left.Fingers were used to eat food throughout the middle ages. Food （19 ） wooden dishes with the noblemen sitting above the salt. The ordinary people sat （20 ） . In the reign of Henry VII (1509-1547), people were still eating with their hands after c

44、utting the food with a clasp knife which was always carried at the belt. Forks were not used in England until the 17th century.问题1选项A.fall onB.fall inC.fall offD.fall out问题2选项A.butB.soC.howeverD.nor问题3选项A.FurthermoreB.HoweverC.On the contraryD.Indeed问题4选项A.howeverB.yetC.for instanceD.but问题5选项A.finis

45、h eatingB.have appreciatedC.are likingD.prefer to问题6选项A.furthermoreB.howeverC.soD.in addition问题7选项A.are usingB.have replacedC.take awayD.take on问题8选项A.presidesB.holdsC.staresD.stands问题9选项A.areB.sitC.are satD.were sitting问题10选项A.side in sideB.side to sideC.side by sideD.side for side问题11选项A.markedB.s

46、ubtleC.considerateD.attractive问题12选项A.cut offB.cut awayC.cut upD.cut down问题13选项A.ifB.whichC.unlessD.when问题14选项A.soB.andC.in additionD.however问题15选项A.soB.alsoC.yetD.then问题16选项A.for exampleB.such asC.for instanceD.take as an example问题17选项A.have changedB.has developedC.have replacedD.has kept问题18选项A.on

47、B.inC.aboveD.beyond问题19选项A.is eaten upB.were eatenC.was eaten offD.has been eaten问题20选项A.at the tableB.stillC.inD.below the salt【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B第6题:B第7题:B第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:C第13题:D第14题:D第15题:B第16题:B第17题:A第18题:A第19题:C第20题:D【解析】（1）fall on 落到, 指向；fall in塌陷, 跌入；fall off减少, 跌落, 下降；fa

48、ll out发生, 脱落。根据句意：不要让食物从盘中跌落。选项C符合句意。（2）结合原文句意可知, 这里应填入but表转折。（3）结合上下文句意可知, 这里填入Indeed最恰当, 句意：事实上, 在其他一些国家被认为是好的餐桌礼仪却是英国人竭力避免的。选项D正确。（4）根据原文可知, 这里是用阿拉伯人来进行举例。对上句观点举例说明, 所以选项C符合原文。（5）根据原文可知选项A, C, D均不符合语法结构, 所以不正确。句意：他们大声打嗝以示感激。选项B正确。（6）根据句意：在东方, 富人和受教育程度较高的人在很大程度上已经接受了西方人的餐桌礼仪和习俗。没有因果关系, 也没有递进关系, 所以

49、选项A, C, D不正确。根据have to可知, 选项B符合原文。（7）原文指桌子和椅子替代了过去的坐垫, 只有选项B符合原文。（8）preside at主持, 负责；hold at将温度保持在.度；stare at凝视, 盯住；stand at达到, 踌躇。根据句意：女主人像西方妇女一样, 负责在餐桌的一头招待客人。选项A符合句意。（9）根据句意可知, 这里表示他们坐在坐垫上。选项A和B结构不完整, 首先排除；unless表假设, 等于if not, 根据语境可知选项D正确。（10）句意：在世界上许多地方, 传统和西方的饮食方式并存。选项A和D无此用法, 选项B的用法是from side

50、to side从一边到另一边；side by side并排, 一起, 并行不悖。选项C符合原文。（11）marked有记号的, 显著的；subtle微妙的, 精细的；considerate体贴的, 顾虑周到的；attractive吸引人的, 有魅力的。句意：在西方, 不同的国家有不同的餐桌礼仪, 尽管差异不是很显著。选项A符合原文 。（12）cut off切断, 中断；cut away 切掉, 砍掉；cut up抨击, 切碎；cut down削减, 砍倒。句意：在美国北部, 把肉切好后放下刀, 然后用右手拿叉子吃肉, 这是很礼貌的做法。选项C符合原文句意。（13）根据句意：大部分欧洲人, 比如

51、英国人, 他们在吃需要切碎的食物的时候总是左手拿叉, 右手拿刀。选项D符合原文。（14）结合上下文句意可知, 这里应该是表转折, 所以选项D正确。（15）上文主要是说各个国家的餐桌礼仪不同, 这里是说各个国家的饮酒习俗也不同。所以选项B正确。（16）根据原文可知这里是举例子的意思。选项A和C一般做插入语或位于句首, 需用逗号隔开；选项D后面接句子也需要用逗号隔开, 所以只有选项B正确。（17）根据下文“The earliest meals were also the simplest.”可以推测, 这里指餐桌礼仪随着时间的推移而在变化, 选项A符合原文。（18）根据句意：每个人都从架在火上的锅

52、里拿食物, 或者从煮熟的动物或鸟身上切一块下来。所以这里用介词on最为恰当。（19）eat up吃光, 耗尽, 击垮；eat off用吃。根据句意：绅士坐在上座, 他们用木盘子吃东西。选项C符合原文句意。（20）根据上文“the noblemen sitting above the salt”贵族坐在上座, 所以普通人应该与之相反, 坐在下座。选项D正确。5. 单选题Death comes quickly in the mountains. Each winter holiday makers are caught unawares as they happily ski away from

53、the fixed runs, little realizing that a small avalanche can send them crashing in a bone-breaking fall down the slope and leave them buried under tons of crisp white snow. There are lots of theories about how to avoid disaster when hit by an avalanche. Practice is normally less cheerful.The snow in

54、the Salzburg of Austria where a recent disaster took place was typical avalanche material. For several days before the incident I had skied locally. Early winter snow was wearing thin and covered with ice. On top of that new, warmer flakes were gently falling to produce a dangerous carpet. To the sk

55、ier who enjoys unmarked slopes it is tempting stuff, deep new power snow on a hard basethe skiing that dreams are made of and sometimes nightmares.Snow falls in sections like a cake. Different sections have different densities because of the temperatures at the time of the fall and in the weeks afte

56、rwards. Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath. The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather higher temperatures than those of December and early January. The result of these conditions is that even a slight increase in the tempera

57、tures sends a thin stream of water between the new snow and the old. Then the new snow simply slides off the mountain.Such slides are not unexpected. Local citizens know the slopes which tend to avalanche and the weather in which such slides are likely. Traps are set to catch the snow or prevent it

58、slipping; bombs are placed and exploded from time to time to set off small avalanches before a big one has time to build up; and above all, skiers are warned not to ski in danger areas.In spite of this, avalanches happen in unexpected areas and, of course, skiers ignore the warnings. The one comfort

59、 to recreational skiers, however, is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare. No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap.1.Each winter holiday makers in the mountains come face to face with death because （ ） .2.According to the writer, skiing conditions in the Salzb

60、urg area of Austria before the accident happened were（ ） .3.In areas where avalanches are known to happen（ ） .4.Although accidents do happen, skiers will be reasonably safe if （ ） .问题1选项A.they fail to realize how dangerous avalanches can beB.they are not expert enough at skiing on the fixed runs.C.t

61、hey are trying to avoid areas where avalanches happenD.they ski great distances down the mountainsides问题2选项A.perfect for, the inexperienced skierB.unsafe because the new snow was covered with iceC.typical of conditions resulting in avalanchesD.suitable only for skiing locally问题3选项A.local residents s

62、tay indoors when the weather is bad.B.measures are taken to prevent serious avalanchesC.small avalanches can easily be preventedD.skiers form themselves into a wall to keep the snow in position问题4选项A.they stay on the officially approved slopesB.they ski only for pleasureC.they ski only at resortsD.they choose less crowded ski slope.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句可知，每年的冬季假期，人们都在不知不觉中快乐地滑雪，远离了固定的滑雪道。他们几乎没有意识到，小小的雪崩会让他们从