2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前模拟强化练习题17（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The train clattered over points and passed through a station.Then it began suddenly to slow down, presumably in obedience to a signal. For some minutes it crawled along, then stopped; presently it began to move forward again. Another up-train passed them, though

2、 with less vehemence than the first one. The train gathered speed again. At that moment another train, also on a down-line, swerved inwards towards them, for a moment with almost alarming effect. For a time the two trains ran parallel, now one gaining a little, now the other. Mrs. McGillicuddy looke

3、d from her window through the windows of the parallel carriages. Most of the blinds were down, but occasionally the occupants of the carriages were visible. The other train was not very full and there were many empty carriages.At the moment when the two trains gave the illusion of being stationary,

4、a blind in one of the carriages flew up with a snap. Mrs. McGillicuddy, looked into the lighted first-class carriage that was only a few feet away.Then she drew her breath in with a gasp and half-rose to her feet.Standing with his back to the window and to her was a man. His hands were round the thr

5、oat of a woman who faced him, and he was slowly, remorselessly, strangling her. Her eyes were starting from their sockets, her face was purple. As Mrs. McGillicuddy watched, fascinated, the end came; the body went limp and crumpled in the mans hands.At the same moment, Mrs. McGillicuddys train slowe

6、d down again and the other began to gain speed. It passed forward and a moment or two later it had vanished iron sight.Almost automatically Mrs. McGillicuddys hand went up to the communication cord, then paused, irresolute. After all, what use would it be ringing the cord of the train in which she w

7、as travelling? The honor of what she had seen at such close quarters, and the unusual circumstances, made her feel paralyzed. Some immediate action was necessary but what?The door of her compartment was drawn back and a ticket collector said, “Ticket, please”.1.When Mrs. McGillicuddys train passed t

8、hrough a station, it（ ）.2.Mrs. McGillicuddy seems to be a(n) person（ ）.3.What she saw in the parallel train made her feel（ ）.4.She didnt ring the communication cord immediately because（ ）.问题1选项A.gained speed suddenlyB.kept its usual speedC.changed its speedD.stopped immediately问题2选项A.observantB.inte

9、restedC.nosyD.nervous问题3选项A.excitedB.anxiousC.worriedD.horrified问题4选项A.she was very much afraidB.there was no point of doing soC.she was too shocked to moveD.the ticket collector came in【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“当McGillicuddy太太乘坐的火车经过车站时，这辆火车”。文章第二段第一句提到“它突然变慢了，好像在遵循什么信号”（Then it beg

10、an suddenly to slow down, presumably in obedience to a signal），选项C“改变速度”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“McGillicuddy太太看起来是一个的人”。文章第二段提到“McGillicuddy太太透过她的窗户看向对面火车”（Mrs. McGillicuddy looked from her window through the windows of the parallel carriages），接下来描写了她看到的内容，由此可以推断出她是一个善于观察的人。选项A符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“她看到对面火车上

11、的情形时，感觉”。文章第四段提到“她吸了一口气，半蹲着”（Then she drew her breath in with a gasp and half-rose to her feet）；第五段提到“当她看到这些时，被吓得动弹不得，终于熬到结束”（As Mrs. McGillicuddy watched, fascinated, the end came），由此可以看出她非常害怕，选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“她没有立刻拉警报索，是因为”。文章最后一段提到“毕竟，拉警报锁又有什么用呢？”（After all, what use would it be ringing the

12、cord of the train in which she was travelling），选项B“这样做没有意义”符合题意。2. 翻译题Family is, if anything, the link between generations, the focal point of social reproduction, and cultural transmission. The whole point of marriage is that it imposes clear obligations, not just the right to pursue your own happi

13、ness. And the main obligation is to provide both emotional and practical nurture for children. The glow of burning passion may well have faded, your love for your spouse may not be as exciting or satisfying as it once was, but going off in search of another love will not help your children. The Love

14、 Family is either too amorphous for children, or its too unstable, with, adults moving on if the relationship no longer answers their search, for perfect happiness. I would venture to suggest that love is not enough to sustain an ongoing marital relationship. The Love Family, in the end, doesnt have

15、 to care. And unfettered freedom will become our chain, leaving us with no recourse but lonely isolation.【答案】如果硬要说什么的话，家庭是世代之间的纽带，是社会再生产和文化传播的焦点。婚姻的全部意义在于它强加了它的明确的义务，而不仅仅是追求自己幸福的权利。它主要的职责是为孩子们提供情感和实际的培养。激情燃烧的光芒可能已经消退，你对配偶的爱可能不像过去那么令人兴奋或满足，但去寻找另一种爱对你的孩子没有帮助。对于孩子来说，爱的家庭要么太不定形，要么太不稳定。如果这种关系不再满足他们对完美幸福的

16、追求，成年人就会继续前进。我敢说，爱不足以维持一段持续的婚姻关系。爱的家庭，最终，不必在意。不受约束的自由将成为我们的枷锁，使我们没有任何依靠，只有孤独和孤立。3. 单选题The earliest controversies about the relationship between photography and art centered on whether photographs fidelity to appearances and dependence on a machine allowed it to be a fine art as distinct from merely

17、a practical art. Throughout the nineteenth century, the defense of photography was identical with the struggle to establish it as a fine art. Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of reality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a re

18、volt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art than painting.Ironically, now that photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or irrelevant to label it as such. Serious photographers variously claim to be finding, recording, impartially obser

19、ving, witnessing events, exploring themselvesanything but making works of art. They are no longer willing to debate whether photography is or is not a fine art. except to proclaim that their own work is not involved with art. It shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of a

20、rt imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the traditional aims of art.Photographers disclaimers of any interest in making art tell us more about the harried status of the contemporary notion of art than about whether photography is or is not art. For ex

21、ample, those photographers who suppose that, by taking pictures, they are getting away from the pretensions of art as exemplified by painting remind us of those Abstract Expressionist painters who imagined they were getting away from the intellectual austerity of classical Modernist painting by conc

22、entrating on the physical act of painting. Much of photographys prestige today derives from the convergence of its aims with those of recent art, particularly with the dismissal of abstract art implicit in the phenomenon or Pop painting during the 1960s. Appreciating photographs is a relief to sensi

23、bilities tired of the mental exertions demanded by abstract art. Classical Modernist paintingthat is, abstract art as developed in different ways by Picasso, Kandinsky, and Matissepresupposes highly developed skills of looking and a familiarity with other paintings and the history of art. Photograph

24、y, like Pop painting, reassures viewers that art is not hard; photography seems to be more about its subjects than about art.Photography, however, has developed all the anxieties and self-consciousness of a classic Modernist art. Many professionals privately have begun to worry that the promotion of

25、 photography as an activity subversive of the traditional pretensions of art has gone so far that the public will forget that photography is a distinctive and exalted activityin short, an art.1.In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with（ ）.2.According to the author, the 19lb century defe

26、nders of photography stressed that photography was（ ）.3.According to the passage, some serious contemporary photographers make the claim that their photographs（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the passage that the author most probably considers serious contemporary photography to be a（ ）.问题1选项A.defining

27、 the Modernist attitude toward artB.explaining how photography emerged as a fine artC.explaining the attitude of serious contemporary photographers toward photography as art and placing those attitudes in their historical contextD.defining the various approaches that serious contemporary photographe

28、rs take toward their art and assessing the value of each of those approaches问题2选项A.a technologically advanced activityB.a device for observing the world impartiallyC.an art comparable to paintingD.an art that would eventually replace the traditional arts问题3选项A.are examples of the photographers impar

29、tial observation of the worldB.can be created by almost anyone who could devote to the activityC.are important because of the subject but not the responses of the viewersD.exhibit the same principles used in painting问题4选项A.contemporary art accepted as fine artB.craft requiring sensitivity but by no

30、means as artC.mechanical copying of realityD.modern art that displays the Modernist tendency to try to subvert the prevailing aims of art【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目提问在这篇文章中，作者主要关心的是？根据第一段中 “Throughout the nineteenth century，the defense of photography was identical with the struggle to est

31、ablish it as a fine art.整个19世纪，摄影的辩护都是力争将摄影确定为艺术”和第二段中“Ironically, now that photography is securely established as a fine art, many photographers find it pretentious or irrelevant to label it as such. 具有讽刺意味的是，虽然已经确凿无疑被认为是一种艺术，但许多摄影家认为把摄影称之为美的艺术是矫揉造作或名不副实的。”以及全文在讲“在不同的历史背景下，当代严肃的摄影师对摄影是艺术的态度”确定C选项“说

32、明当代严肃的摄影师对摄影作为艺术的态度，并把这些态度放在他们的历史的背景中”正确。2.细节事实题。题目提问据作者说，19世纪摄影的捍卫者强调摄影是？根据第一段中“Against the charge that photography was a soulless, mechanical copying of reality, photographers asserted that it was instead a privileged way of seeing, a revolt against commonplace vision, and no less worthy an art th

33、an painting.为了反驳摄影是对现实的没有灵魂的机械复制的指责，摄影家断言：恰恰相反，摄影是观看事物的一种特有形式，是对普通视觉的一种背离，是一种与绘画有同样价值的艺术。”确定C选项“一种堪比绘画的艺术”正确。3.细节事实题。题目提问根据这篇文章，一些严肃的当代摄影师声称他们的照片？根据第二段中“Serious photographers variously claim to be finding, recording, impartially observing, witnessing events, exploring themselvesanything but making w

34、orks of art. 严肃的摄影师们声称自己在寻找、记录、公正地观察、见证事件、探索自己但绝不是在创作艺术作品。”确定A选项“是摄影师公正地观察世界的例子”正确。4.细节事实题。题目提问从文章中可以推断，作者最可能认为严肃的当代摄影是一个？根据第二段中 “It shows the extent to which they simply take for granted the concept of art imposed by the triumph of Modernism: the better the art, the more subversive it is of the tra

35、ditional aims of art. 它表明了他们对现代主义胜利强加给他们的艺术概念是多么地想当然：艺术越好，它对传统艺术目标的颠覆性就越大。” 确定D选项“一种现代艺术，显示了试图颠覆艺术盛行的现代主义趋势”正确。4. 单选题My second claim concerns individual differences. Owing to the accidents of（ ）,environment, and their interaction, no two of us exhibit the same intelligence in precisely the same prop

36、ortions.问题1选项A.heredityB.heirC.heritageD.supplement【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。heredity “遗传，遗传性”；heir “继承人，后嗣”； heritage “遗产，传统，继承权”；supplement “补充，补充物，附录”。根据句意我的第二个声称关于个人差异。由于（ ）、环境及它们之间的相互作用， 我们中没有两个人以恰好同样的比例显示同样的智力。 确定A选项heredity “遗传，遗传性”的正确。5. 单选题Despite repeated（ ） by educational authorities for concrete me

37、asures to reduce students burdens，little has changed.问题1选项A.directionsB.recommendationsC.adviceD.calls【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管教务部再三呼吁减轻学生负担，但是几乎没有改变。direction “指示”；recommendation “推荐；建议”；advice “建议”；calls “呼吁”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。6. 单选题（ ）the issue of slavery and race has been fundamental in Americas develo

38、pment.问题1选项A.PromotingB.ConfrontingC.ConqueringD.Measuring【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国发展中所面临的最基本的问题是奴隶制与种族问题。promote “提升”；confront “面临”；conquer “战胜”；measure “测量”。根据句意，选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Other factors（ ） to the development of economic globalization are advanced scientific technologies and better transportation

39、 system.问题1选项A.causingB.givingC.contributingD.resulting【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。cause“成为的原因，导致”；give“提供，给予”；contribute “贡献，出力，通常和介词to连用”；result “导致，发生”；根据空格后的介词to和句意（ ）经济全球化发展的其他因素是先进的科学技术和更好的运输系统。确定C选项正确。8. 翻译题没人否认创造力的重要性。的确，今后当几乎所有的标准程序均由计算机来完成时， 创造力会被证明为更重要。然而，创造力与智力不能等同起来。一位专家的聪明才智可 能表现在个或几个领域，但他对革新不一定感兴趣

40、，或在这方面不一定成功。与此相似，尽管革新要求一定程度的心智，但我们没有发现智力测试与创造力测试两者之间的重要联系。的确，创造力好像更依赖于某种气质和个性一一敢于冒险，吃苦耐劳，锲而不舍，但首先要有改变现状，对社会留下深远影响的愿望，而不是提高各种信息处理的效率。【答案】No one denies the importance of creativity. Indeed, creativity will prove more important in the future when almost all standard programming is done by computers. Ho

41、wever, creativity and intelligence cannot be equated. An experts intelligence may manifest itself in several or more areas, but he may not be interested in innovation or successful in it. Similarly, although innovation requires a certain level of mind, we have not found a significant link between te

42、sts of intelligence and tests of creativity. Indeed, creativity seems to depend more on a certain temperament and personality - the willingness to take risks, to work hard, to persevere, to have a wish to change the current situation and make a far-reaching influence on the society, rather than impr

43、ove the efficiency of processing all kinds of information.9. 单选题Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth cent

44、ury, the movement of water in trees and other tall plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pump. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanat

45、ions for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually

46、 low root pressures.If Water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: How does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results

47、 from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same

48、forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a column of water co

49、mpares with the strength of a steel wire of the same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken.1.The passage answers which of the following questions?2.What do the first experiments mentioned in paragraph one prove?3.How do botanists

50、 know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?4.Which of the following statements does the passage support?问题1选项A.What is the effect of atmosphere pressure on foliage?B.When do dead cells harm plant growth?C.How does water get to the tops of trees?D.Why is root pressure w

51、eak?问题2选项A.Plant stems die when deprived of waterB.Cells in plant stems do not pump waterC.Plants cannot move water to high altitudesD.Plant cells regulate pressure within stems问题3选项A.Some very tall trees have weak root pressureB.Root pressures decrease in winter.C.Plants can live after their roots

52、die.D.Water in plants roots is not connected to water in its stem.问题4选项A.Water is pushed to the tops of treesB.Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumpsC.Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall treesD.Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants【答案】第1题:C

53、第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问这篇文章回答了下列哪个问题?根据第二段第一句中 “If Water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if it is not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask: How does it get there?如果水不是被泵到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎样到达树顶的呢？” 以及第二段第二句According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension

54、theory, water is pulled there.最近公认的内聚压力理论解答了 “水移动到树顶端的原因。”确定C选项“水如何到达树的顶端”正确。2.推理判断题。题目提问第一段中提到的第一个实验证明了什么?根据第一段中“But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants, in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. 但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物的

55、茎的细胞不能抽水”正确。3.推理判断题。题目提问植物学家是如何知道根压并不是推动植物水分流动的唯一力量的?根据第一段中“But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.但根压完全不足以将水推到树顶。此外，作为最高树木之一的针叶树，其根压也低得异乎寻常。”确定A选项“一些非常高的树木有

56、微弱的压力”正确。4.推理判断题。题目提问这篇文章支持下列哪个陈述?根据第二段中“ According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there.根据目前为人们所接受的内聚压力的理论，水是被拉到上面去的。”确定D选项“植物学家已经改变他们有关水在植物中移动的理论” 正确；也由此知A选项“水是被推到树的顶端的”和C选项“大气压力把水吸到高大树木 的顶端”不正确，排除；根据第一段中 “But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plan

57、ts, in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. 但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物学家己经证明活细胞能充当泵”不正确。10. 单选题Arrogance and pride are similar in meaning, but there is a(n)（ ）difference between them.问题1选项A.submergedB.indecisiveC.indistinctD.subtle【答案】D【解析】考

58、查形容词词义辨析。句意：傲慢与骄傲字面上意思接近，但是二者有细微的区别。submerged “水下的”；indecisive “犹豫不决的”；indistinct “模糊的”；subtle “微妙的，细微的”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。11. 单选题Chad performs his 24-foot aluminum boat past young willow trees that stick out of the waters of the Mississippi River. Sunshine dances off maples, their branches heavy with（1）

59、 spring leaves. But a（2）inspection discloses trouble behind the beautiful sight. Rubbish is（3）in a logjam and hangs from the trees branches.For the next three hours Chas and his team pull plastic bags, tanks, bottles and even bowling pins out of the water. Then they（4）for a picnic table caught in th

60、e trees.The Mississippi River Beautification & Restoration Project began in 1997（5）Chads one-man effort to pick up rubbish along a 400-mile stretch of the 2340-mile river started. That year, often working（6）,the 22-year-old cleaned 150 miles of shoreline.At first the project appeared impossible and

61、useless. But Chad tried his best to find supporters, and with their supporting, he soon had a new（7）and a five-man teamthe Boom Crane Crew. Last year alone the crew pulled from the water 44051 gallon drums, 1104 tyres and enough plastic bags to cover a football field. Much of the waste will be（8）.“C

62、hads operation is the only one（9）in progress on the river,” says Mark of the Mississippi River Basin Alliance, a（10）of environmental groups. “Its the biggest Ive ever seen in 20 years, and he is inspiring others to do the same.问题1选项A.ripeB.brownC.fallingD.fresh问题2选项A.slowerB.quickerC.closerD.stricte

63、r问题3选项A.placedB.piledC.trappedD.thrown问题4选项A.comeB.giveC.headD.arrive问题5选项A.whenB.byC.forD.as问题6选项A.aloneB.hardC.quietlyD.happily问题7选项A.carB.boatC.planD.crew问题8选项A.burnedB.buriedC.usedD.recycled问题9选项A.eagerlyB.actuallyC.stronglyD.generally问题10选项A.labB.marketC.unionD.meeting【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:D第9