2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前模拟强化练习题80（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 问答题The manager has asked me to consider this proposal carefully, (consideration)【答案】The manager has asked me to take this proposal into consideration carefully.2. 单选题We need to be more（ ） to the needs of the young students.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.sensationalC.sensoryD.se

2、nsible【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。sensitive “敏感的”；sensational “轰动的，耸人听闻的”；sensory “感知的，知觉的”；sensible “明智的，通情达理的”。句意：我们需要对青年学生的需求更加敏感。因此选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical compositio

3、na finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsionstiny globules （小球体）of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference li

4、es in whats in the globules and whats in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in th

5、e watery regions of the mixture. “This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture.” He says.When the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly ru

6、n out of nutrients. They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. “In butter, you get a self-limiting system which stops the hotelier growing.” Says Brocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial a

7、ttack through alterations to the foods structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.1.The significance of Br

8、ocklehursts research is that（ ）.2.According to the researchers, cream sours faster than butter because bacteria（ ）.3.According to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by（ ）.4.The word colonies refers to（ ）.5.Commercial application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made

9、resistant to bacterial attack（ ）.问题1选项A.it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB.it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter.C.it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter.D.it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition问题

10、2选项A.are more evenly distributed in creamB.multiply more easily in cream than in butterC.live on less fat in cream than in butterD.produce less waste in cream than in butter问题3选项A.removing its fatB.killing the bacteriaC.reducing its water contentD.altering its structure问题4选项A.tiny globulesB.bacteria

11、 communitiesC.watery regionsD.little compartment问题5选项A.by varying its chemical compositionB.by turning it into a solid humpC.while keeping its structure unchangedD.while retaining its liquid form【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“Brocklehurst, who led the investigation.”，可知对于为什么奶油比黄油坏

12、的问题的研究是由Brocklehurst主导的。又根据文章第一段，“a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives.”，可知对这一问题研究的结果和发现，有助于帮助去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。可判断出Brocklehurst的研究的意义在于提供了一种可以不使用防腐剂而使某些食品保持新鲜的方法。因此选项A符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“In cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter, globu

13、les of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture.”，可知在奶油中，脂肪球在水中漂浮。在黄油中，水样溶液的小球被锁在脂肪中。而使食物变坏的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。可判断出在奶油中，细菌更容易在这种混合物中生存繁殖，所以奶油会更快变质。因此选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“The researchers are alrea

14、dy working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the foods structure.”，可知研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望能通过改变食物的结构使其具有抵抗细菌攻击的能力。可判断出研究者Brocklehurst表示，我们可以通过改变食物的结构来使奶油保险，抵抗细菌入侵。因此选项D符合题意。4.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“When the situation is reversed, t

15、he bacteria are locked away in compartments buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients.”，可知当情况发生逆转时，细菌被锁在深埋在脂肪海洋中的隔间里。根据trapped in this way可判断出，此句是对上一句情况的继续描述，所以非谓语动词的逻辑主语仍然不会改变，这里的colonies和上文的bacteria是同一事物，都为主语。可判断出colonies

16、也是指细菌。因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.”，可知Brocklehurst认为将有可能制造出用于沙拉酱中的乳剂，就像用于黄

17、油的乳剂一样。关键是在保持沙拉酱液体的状态，而不是变成固体块。可判断出如果能使沙拉酱在保持液态的状态下能同时抵抗细菌的侵袭，那么这项研究成果将有可能用于商业用途，所以关键在于是要保持液体状态。因此选项D符合题意。4. 单选题In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible （ ）and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.问题1选项A.scalesB.ranksC.gradesD.patterns【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。scale规模，比例；r

18、ank等级；grade级别，阶段；pattern模式。句意：在美国大学，班级安排通常是灵活的模式，并且校园里有很多工作都是为学生准备的。选项D符合句意。5. 翻译题If and when such a league becomes reality in China, it will no doubt be one of the hottest advertising platforms in sports. But advertisers arent waiting for all the logistics to get worked outthey want to cash in on C

19、hinas hot fans now.Houston has been reaping the benefits of Yaos marketing pull for several years now, but Milwaukee is just starting to get a taste of what Yi Jianlian has to offer. Chinese companies like Peak have already thrown advertising dollars the Bucks way. Now the Bucks are starting to see

20、the cash flow the other direction as American companies begin using them to advertise across the ocean.This week the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel（密尔瓦基新闻卫报）reported that Milwaukee- based Rockwell Automation Inc. has begun advertising courtside（球场边缘区）during Bucks gamesin Chinese. “Were doing this solely

21、 to target our Chinese customers,” Rockwell spokesman John Bemaden told the paper. Rockwells ad, which rolls across the scorers table during each game for maybe a minute of cumulative exposure, cost Rockwell six figures to place. But with an estimated 150 million potential customers watching each Bu

22、cks game in China, the price seems more than worth it.The papers report says the Bucks are seeking out more Chinese-language advertisers. As the NBA gains steam in China, finding them should not be difficult.【答案】如果这一联盟在中国变为现实，那它无疑将成为体育界最热门的广告平台之一。但是广告商不会等待所有筹划准备工作完成，他们现在就想在中国狂热的篮球迷身上大赚一笔。几年来，休斯敦依靠姚明

23、的市场吸引力获利丰厚，但密尔沃基才刚刚尝到易建联带来的利润甜头。像匹克这样的中国公司已经开始将大笔的广告费投入到雄鹿队身上。现在雄鹿也开始看到美国的公司反过来利用它们在海外做广告。本周，密尔瓦基新闻卫报报道说总部位于密尔瓦基的罗克韦尔自动化有限公司已经开始在雄鹿队比赛期间用中文在场边做广告。罗克韦尔的发言人约翰.博纳登告诉密尔瓦基新闻卫报说：“我们的广告就是针对中国客户的。”罗克韦尔公司的广告在每场比赛的记分牌旁滚动播出，大约累计一分钟就会花掉该公司六位数的费用。但据估计，有一亿五千万的中国潜在消费者观看雄鹿的比赛，这点广告费简直是物超所值。该报还指出雄鹿正在寻找更多的中文的广告商。随着NBA

24、在中国的崛起，想找到这样的人肯定不难。6. 问答题Film makers understandably lose much of their interest in the genre, (appeal to)【答案】It is understandable that the genre doesnt appeal to film makers much.7. 问答题The small number of potential buyers does not provide a sufficiently large market for this kind of apparatus.(enoug

25、h)【答案】The small number of potential buyers does not provide enough market for this kind of apparatus.8. 单选题Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to （ ） healthy.问题1选项A.preserveB.stayC.maintainD.reserve【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。preserve “保护，保存”；stay “保持”，可作系动词后接形容词作表语；maintain “维持”；reserve “预

26、订，储备”。句意：专家说散步是保持健康的最好方法之一。因此选项B符合题意。9. 单选题Not until shouted at the top of my voice（ ） his head.问题1选项A.that he turnedB.did he turnC.he didnt turnD.he had turned【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句的用法。Not until 放在句首时使用部分倒装主句倒装，从句不倒装。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题No Tobacco Day is the day when the World Health Organization （ ）to people t

27、o stop using tobacco products.问题1选项A.asksB.appliesC.appealsD.urges【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。appeal to sb. to do sth.意为“呼吁/恳请某人做某事”。句意：无烟日是世界卫生组织呼吁人们停止使用烟草制品的日子。选项C正确。选项A和D后面直接接sb.，不接介词to；选项B的用法是apply to sb. for sth.，意为“向某人申请.”。所以只有选项C正确。11. 单选题A recurring criticism of the UKs university sector is its perceive

28、d weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stern cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as univ

29、ersities are keys in the national innovation system.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK s

30、hows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UKs position is much s

31、tronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, asks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the

32、 leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and mirrored across other economic. In the UK, research is concentrate; less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduat

33、es, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creat

34、es differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment they

35、should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in adv

36、anced research training and commercialization work.If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next gr

37、owth cycle.1.What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?2.What does the author say about the national data on UK universities performance in commercialization?3.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions” refers to （ ）.4.What does the author suggest res

38、earch-led universities do?5.How can the university sector play a key role in the UKs economic growth?问题1选项A.They fail to convert knowledge into money.B.They do not regard it as their responsibility.C.They still have a place among the world leaders.D.They have lost their leading position in many ways

39、.问题2选项A.It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.B.It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.C.It does not reflect the differences among universities.D.It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.问题3选项A.government aid to non-research-oriented universitiesB.compuls

40、ory cooperation between universities and industriesC.fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutionsD.concentration of resources in a limited number of universities问题4选项A.Publicize their research to win international recognition.B.Fully utilize their research to benefit all s

41、ectors of society.C.Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.D.Spread their influence among top research institutions.问题5选项A.By establishing more regional technology transfer offices.B.By asking the government to invest in technology transfer researchC.By promoting technology tran

42、sfer and graduate school education.D.By increasing the efficiency of technology transfer agencies.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.”，可知英国从一个相对较弱的起点，现在在许多商业化活动的指标上处于领先地位。可判断出在作

43、者看来英国大学的商业化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地，处于领先地位。因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第四段，“Evidence suggests the UKs position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national date, asks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities.”，可知有证据表明，英国大学的地位比过去要稳定得多，而且仍在改善。但

44、全国数据并没有反映出各所大学存在的巨大差异。因此选项C符合题意。3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段第一句，“the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities.”，可知过去10年的政策干预改变了英国大学，然后在下文提及了各个大学存在巨大的差异。第五段主要对这种分配不平均的现象进行了进一步阐述，这种现象不仅发生在英国，也存在于其他国家。又根据文章第五段，“The effect of policies generating long-term resou

45、rce concentration have also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active.”，可知政策主导的长期资源集中化也造就了一批独特的大学，它们以研究为主导，并且商业化。可判断出policy interventions就是指资源集中的政策。因此现象D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段，“The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize

46、 the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social economic and environmental benefits.”，可知以研究为主导的大学的核心目标必须是最大限度地发挥其研究的影响。这些大学应该为社会、经济和环境各方面带来效益。可判断出这些研究型大学应该充分利用他们的研究成果造福于社会。因此选项B符合题意。5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“If there was a greater coordination of tec

47、hnology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.”，可知如果各区域内的技术转移部门更有效的协调，同时加大研究生规模和功能的投资，大学应该能在英国下一轮经济增长中发挥关键作用。可判断出作者认为英国的大学可以通过促进

48、技术转移和投资研究生院教育在经济增长中发挥作用。因此选项C符合题意。12. 单选题The clothes a person wears may express his （ ）or social position.问题1选项A.curiosityB.statusC.determinationD.significance【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析题。A选项curiosity“好奇心，求知欲”;B选项status“地位，身份”;C选项determination “决心，果断，坚定”；D选项significance “（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性，意义”。根据表示并列的连词or和后面的名词“soc

49、ial position社会地位”确定B选项正确。13. 单选题The sound of footsteps on the bare floor （ ）the downstairs neighbors.问题1选项A.disturbedB.interruptedC.annoyedD.irritated【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。disturb妨碍，打扰；interrupt打断；annoy打搅，惹恼；irritate激怒。句意：踩在地板上的脚步声打扰了楼下的邻居。选项A符合语境。14. 单选题At midnight, he drove through streets（ ）of traffic.问

50、题1选项A.emptyB.lackingC.lackD.crowded【答案】A【解析】词组辨析。empty of “无，没有”；lack of “缺乏”；crowded with “拥挤，挤满”。句意：午夜时分，他开车穿过空无一人的街道。因此选项A符合题意。15. 单选题I think I was at school, （ ）I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.问题1选项A.or elseB.and thenC.or soD.even so【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。A选项；B选项and

51、 then “于是，然后”;C选项or so “大约”; D选项even so “虽然如此，即使如此”。根据句意当听到这个消息时，我应该是在学校，在和朋友度假。应该是表示选择，所以A选项or else “否则,要不然”符合逻辑，正确。16. 单选题The suggestion that the mayor （ ）the prizes was accepted by everyone.问题1选项A.would presentB.presentC.presentsD.ought to present【答案】B【解析】语法（虚拟语气）题。suggestion 做主语的句子，是虚拟语气的用法，从句用s

52、hould +动词原型，should可以省略。所以省略should的B选项正确。17. 问答题The garden is too small for a swimming pool, (room)【答案】There is no room for a swimming pool in the garden.18. 翻译题Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English.国际足联宣布海外球迷观看7月13日决赛的最低门票价格是440美元（约台币288英镑）。支持者称，他成功的运动生涯以及对2012年伦敦奥运会做出的努力，足以令他拿

53、到这项荣誉。髙尔夫运动己成为2016年奥运会比赛项目，因此，高尔夫运动及该运动的赞助商都将对关天朗寄以厚望，希望他能够进一步促进该运动蓬勃发展。2007年10月28日，足协在北京召开新闻发布会，宣布前法国女足主教练伊丽莎白洛伊塞尔就任中国女足主教练。不过每日邮报此前报道说，穆雷在2013年的新年嘉奖名单上刚刚拿到了大英帝国勋章，以表彰他获得奥运金牌并摘下美网公开赛桂冠，因此他在2014的嘉奖名单上会受到冷落。【答案】FIFA announced that the cheapest ticket for overseas fans for the final on July 13 is $440

54、(about 288 pounds).Supporters said that his successful sports career and his efforts towards the London 2012 Olympics made him qualified to gain this honor.Golf has been included in the 2016 Olympic Games, so golf sports and its sponsors will place high expectations on Guan Tianlang, hoping he will

55、promote the further development of golf.The football association held a news conference in Beijing and announced that France womens coach Elizabeth Loisel has been appointed as chief coach of Chinese womens football team in Beijing on October 28th, 2007.The Daily Mail reported that Murray was awarde

56、d an OBE in the 2013 New Years honours list in recognition of his Olympic gold medal and US Open Laurel, so would be left out in the 2014 New Years honours list.19. 单选题Harvard Universitys under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science c

57、ourses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is （1）its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this（2）what many people had said that Harvards curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage prema

58、ture specialization.“Harvard needs to（3）its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important,” said Kirby.Particularly（4）is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or o

59、ver a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or（5）some exchange programs offered by the university.“（6）studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in

60、 China.”It was also recommended that Harvard（7）its required “core curriculum”. The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly（8）topic and emphasized “ways of kn

61、owing”.Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of（9）“Harvard College Courses”，emphasizing knowledge over methodology and（10）wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of thos

62、e, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.问题1选项A.inspectingB.reviewingC.searchingD.underlying问题2选项A.in accordance withB.in line withC.in charge ofD.in response to问题3选项A.updateB.upholdC.upsetD.upward问题4选项A.trust-worthyB.note-worthyC.praise-worthyD.reward-worthy问题5选项A.turn outB.turn inC.turn toD.turn over问题6选项A.In spite ofB.As ifC.Let aloneD.Rather than问题7选项A.perishB.destroyC.abolishD.denounce问题8选项A.appropriateB.imaginativeC.specialD.specific问题9选项A.optical