高中英语基础知识提升训练

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1、高中英语基础知识提升复习训练第一部分动词时态和语态一、动词时态练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Look! It (rain) hard. It seldom (rain) during this month of a year.2. He (break) his leg when he (play) in a football match againstanother school.3. I don t know when Suzan (return) , but when she (return) , I (let)you know.4. We (send) for a doctor

2、if you (be not) better this afternoon.5. She felt happy, for she (be given) a gold medal for what she (do) forthe country.6. The fireman (go) towards the fire, which still (smoke) then .7. While my father (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly (let) out acry of surprise.8. My uncle (come) to

3、see us. He (arrive) here a few days ago. He(leave) for Sydney tomorrow morning.9. When I (enter) the room, he (not see) me. For he (read) something withgreat interest.10. We found the task (be) much harder than we (expect) .11. My sister(learn) English since she (be) a child. She (speak)English very

4、 fluently(流畅)now.12. - I am sorry I (keep) you waiting so long.- It is all right. I (read) the newspapers.13. They promised that they (bring) us all the necessary books as soon as they (have) a chance.14. - I can t find my glasses. you (see) them?- Yes. You (leave) them in the car yesterday.15. Plea

5、se wake me up if I still (sleep) when you (come) home16. - I (not see ) you for ages! Where you (be)- I (be) to Scotland.17. I can t open the door. I (lose) my key. I (lose) it while I(be ) out.18. CCTV (broadcast) English programs ever since 1977.二、动词语态练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.learn: a. Paul doesn t have

6、to be made anything, he always works hard.b. You don t have to make Paul anything, he always works hard.2. do: a. What will you next?b. What will by you next?3. say: a. She that Mike was ill in bed.b. It that Mike is ill in bed.c. Mike to be ill in bed.4. hold: a. They will the parents-meeting next

7、Monday.b. The parents-meeting will next Monday.5. discuss: a. They the questions from 5 to 6 yesterday afternoon.b. The questions from 5 to 6 yesterday afternoon.6. put off: a. We had better not the sports meeting.b. The sports meeting had better not .7. cross: a. I noticed an old lady the street ju

8、st now.b. An old lady was noticed the street just now.8. repair: a.We are to the machine this afternoon.b. The machine is to this afternoon.第二部分非谓语动词在英语句子中， “非谓语动词”即是不充当谓语的动词或动词短语。非谓语动词主要有：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。另外，还有独立主格结构。一、动词不定式：1、动词不定式（动词不定式短语）的功能：动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。如：Its great to see you

9、 all here again.动词不定式短语作主语，此处 it是形式主语）To complete the tall building in one year was quite a difficult task.劭词不定式作主语 ）He want to go shopping.劭词不定式短语作宾语）My mother hates to move from place to place. 词不定式短语作宾语 ）My hope is to receive your letters.劭词不定式短语作表语）The purpose of the organization is to greet all

10、 new comers to the city.词不定式作表语 ）I am looking for a room to live in.（动词不定式作定语, 限定 room 的范围）He went to go shopping.劭词不定式作目的状语，表示 went的目的）He asked youto call him at ten o.（幼coc虻式作宾补 ）2、动词不定式的时态和语态运用：（1） 一般式：to do （主动式）；to be done皴动式）I have many clothes to wash.（不定式to wash作定语，用主动式，因为其主语是人）Many clothes

11、are to be washed.（不定式to be washed作表语，用被动式，因为主语是物）There are many clothes to be washedl不定式 to be washed 作定语，用被动式，主语是物）（2）进行式：to be doingToday we have chat rooms（网聊室）,text messaging件机短信），e-mailing ，but we seem to be losing the art of communicating face-to-face.（不定式的进行式，作 seem 的表语）（3） 完成式：to have done （

12、主动式）；to have been done（被动式）The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.（主动完成式，作 who 的补足语）The world record in the 110-meter hurdle race was reported to have been broken by LiuXiang.（被动完成式，作 The world record的补足语）二、动词

13、-ing形式（动名词和现在分词）：1、动名词的作用：Dancing is my favorite.（动名词作主语）Its no use crying over the spilt milk.（动名词短语作主语，It 是形式主语）Have you finished writing your letter? （动名词短语作宾语） My job is learning English.（动名词短语作表语） This company has a swimming pool.动名词作定语，限定 pool 的范围） We are interested in learning English.（作 in 的

14、宾语，一般主动式） She came to my wedding without being invited.（作介词 without 的宾语，一般被动式）I don t remember having borrowed money from you（作 remember 的宾语，完成主动式 ） Mary forgets having being taken to Beijing when she was very young.（作 forgets 的宾语， 完成被动式）Do you mind my opening the door?动名词的复合结构作宾语:物主代词/名词所有格+动名词） I

15、remember Toms playing with them that day（动名词的复合结构作宾语，同上 ）有些动词后面常常接“动名词”，不接动词不定式，如：She enjoys reading.这些 动词可以归纳为：“keep, delay 延误），imagine（想象）+ mecarfeps。“mecarfepS的读音是“霉咖啡不吃”，它包含这些动词：mind（介意），enjoy, cant help, avoid/appreciate, risk, finish, excape, practice, suggest（t议）/stand（忍受） I appreciate your m

16、aking effort to come你能尽力赶来， 我很感激。（your making是动名词复合 结构作appreciate的宾语）Dave escaped being drowned. Dave逃脱了，没有被淹死。（being drowned作宾语）We should delay holding the sporting meeting.我4应该延迟举办、运动会。（holding thesporting meeting 作 delay 的宾语）有些动词后面接不定式和动名词时，意义不一样。（1） forget, remember, stop, regret这几个个动词后面接不定式表示还没

17、有做某事， 接动名词表示已经做了某事：Dont forget to bring your homework tomorrow.不要忘了，明天把作业带来。I forget borrowing a book from the library last week, so I borrow another one.我忘记了上 周在图书馆借了一本书，于是又借了一本。（2） go on doing继续做同一件事情；go on to do接下来做另一件事情（3） try doing sth.试着做某事；try to do尽量做某事；manage to do做成了某事2、现在分词的作用（现在分词有主动或进行之

18、意）：The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors fathe作定语，限定 man 的范围表，进行） The film being shown in the cinema is exdting.（被动式，作定语，限定 film 的范围，表进行） The film being shown in the cinema is exciting（作表语,表示 film 的特点，有主动之意 ） The present situation is inspiring当前的形势鼓舞人心。（作表语，有主动之意） Can you hear her singing

19、the song in the next room作宾补，补充 her 的动作，有主动之意） He kept the car waiting at the gate.他让小汽车在门口等着。（作宾补，补充 car的动作）Working in the factory, he was an advanced worke在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。 （作时间状语可以改为 ： When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.） He stayed at home, cleaning and washing他呆在家里,又擦又洗。（作方式

20、/伴随状语）（If） Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。（作条件状语，可以改为If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.）He dropped the glass, breaking it into piece她把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎（作结果状语） Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。（作让步状语，该句 =Though it rain

21、ed heavily, it cleared up very soon）.Seeing from the top of the hill, they found the town beautiful.（作时间状语，有主动之意）3、现在分词的时态和语态：Singing and dancing happily, they entered the classroom.（一般主动式，作伴随状语） Being asked to answer a difficult question, she didnt know what to say.（一般被动式，作原 因或时间状语）=When/As she was

22、 asked to answer a difficult question, she didn know what to say. Not having heard from my parents, I wrote a letter again完成主动式，否定式，原因状语） =As I hadnt heard from my paraents, I wrote a letter again.Having been given a third chance, I must value it.（完成被动式，原因状语） =Because I have been given a third chanc

23、e, I must value it.三、过去分词（过去分词有被动或完成之意）：1、过去分词的作用：过去分词和它后面的附带成分一起叫过去分词短语，作定 语、表语、宾补、状语。There are many fallen leaves on the ground.（作定语，限定 leaves 的范围）She looked puzzled.（作表语，表达 she的表情）She found her money siojen.（作宾补，补充宾语 her money 的状况）Heated, water can change into steam.（作条件状语，可以改为 If it is heated）2、

24、过去分词的时态和语态：过去分词表示动作已经完成，只有一般式。I found the door opened.（作宾补，补充宾语 the door的状态，有被动之意）In spire d by what he said, I determined to work harder.（作原因状语，有被动之意） =As I was inspired by what he said, I determined to work harder.Seen from the top of the hill, the town looks beautiful.（作时间或条件状语，有被动之意） =When/If it

25、 is seen from the top of the hill, the town looks beautiful.四、分词的独立结构作状语：如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，可采用分词独立结构作状语。There being no taxis, we had to walk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。（原因状语）=As/Because there were no taxis, we had to walk（从句和主句的主语不一致 ） Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.冬天来了, 天气越来越冷了。（原因状语）=As Winter has co

26、me, it gets colder and colder4句和主句的主语不一致 ）Class being over, the children went homeF课了，学生们回家去。（原因 /时间状语） =After/As the class was over, the children went home.半句和主句的主语不一致 ） Nobody being in the room, I didnt go in.由于房间里没有人，我没有进去。（原因状语）=As nobody was in the room, I didnt go in.（从句和主句的主语不一致 ）Weather perm

27、itting, well start tomorrow如果天气允许，我们明天动身。（条件状语）=If the weather permits, well start tomorrow.仪句和主句的主语不一致 ）He went to the front door, his son following him.他走向前门,他的儿子跟在后面。（伴随状语）Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。（时间状语）=After her work had been done, she sat down for a cup of tea双句

28、和主句的主语不一致 ） More money given, we will send more employees to the mother company to get trained.条 件状语，句中“mone评口 “give是动宾关系，因此用过去分词）=If more money is given, we will send more employees to the mother company to get trained.（如果多有些资金的话，我们将把更多的员工送到总公司去培训）有时现在分词独立成分一般已形成固定结构，表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度或看问题的态度，如：Genera

29、lly speaking, we dont agree with your般说来，我们不同意你的看法。Considering his age, the child reads quite wel鉴于他的年龄，这个孩子读得相当好。 Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed.据你所说的来看，他应当成功。五、with复合结构：with复合结构的形式是“ with+名词+分词”，在句子中也是作状语。With the computer broken, Mr. Green couldHt work.（原因状语） He went into the cave

30、 with the candle burning.（方式 /伴随状语） They fell asleep with the door open.（方式 /伴随状语）六、如果谓语动词和现在分词的动作完全同时发生，常常用“when/while+现在分 词”形式，此时它不是独立结构，而是“连词+现在分词”作时间状语，即省去“主语+be”如：Be careful when/while crossing the street. 非谓语动词练习一、用所给动词的恰当形式填空： l.see （1）from the top of a hill, our town looks beautiful.（2）the d

31、og came over, little Jack ran away.（3）from the top of a hill, and you ll find the city more beautiful.（4）more clearly, they came up and got close to it.2. examine （1） Tom said to the doctor, f dont want:(2) Tom said to the doctor,“I don t want you me”.3. repair (1) Ill have my brother my computer to

32、morrow.(2) I ll have my computer tomorrow.4. knock (1) We were watching TV when we heard the door .(2) We were watching TV when we heard someone at the door.5. do (1) After a shot rest, we went on the experiment.(2) After we had the meeting, we went on the experiment.6. hear (1) The teacher spoke lo

33、udly so as to make himself .(2) the bad news, the girl cried with sadness.7. understand (1) He explained again and again to make himself .(2) I m sorry I can t make you me.8. send (1) The young man asked the government him to work in Xinjiang.(2) The young man asked to work in Xingjiang.9. hold (1)

34、The organizers expected the meeting next week.(2) The organizers expected the meeting next week.10. invite (1) He went to a party without .(2) He went to a party alone without anyone else.11. follow (1) by some children, we entered the canteen.(2) our teacher, we entered the meeting room.(3) the gui

35、de, and we ll enter the park easily.12. make (1) The teacher asked us angrily whether we were used to noise in class.(2) My friend Jim asked me whether I used to noise in class.(3) Wood is still used to fire in some villages.13. talk (1) Class has begun, stop with each other.(2) When I meet him, I o

36、ften stop with him.14. cross (1) Do you notice the boy the street now?(2) Did you notice the boy the street just now?15. discuss (1) The question now at the meeting is very important.(2) The question at the meeting last week is very important.(3) The question at the meeting next week is very importa

37、nt.16. follow (1) The professor went out, by some students.(2) He came in, with two little dogs .17. heat (1) When , ice will change into water.(2) When we the ice, it will change into water.18. carry (1) The old man made a wooden basin water.(2) He made the boy the water with a basin.19. give up (1

38、) What about smoking?(2) He has made up his mind smoking.20. invite (1) She was the only girl to go to the party last week.(2) Some of the girls to go to the party next weekend.非谓语动词练习二、高考2015年高考题选讲。1 .【2015 湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled饿纹，起皱纹)in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted

39、 to the ground, whether to stay or leave.A. wondering B. wonderC to wonder D wondered2.【2015 北京】21.the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A.Catching. B.Caught.C.To catch. D.Catch3.【2015 北京】23.The park was full of people,themselves in the sunshine.A.having enjoyedB.enjoye

40、d C.enjoying D.to enjoy4.【2015 北京】31.If for the job, you ll be informed soon.A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted5.【2015 重庆】6.in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.A. Being raised B. Raising C. RaisedD. To raise6.【2015 重庆】11. Like ancient sai

41、lors, birds can find their way the sun and the stars.A. used B. having used C. usingD. use7.【2015 浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it liveis quite another.A. perform8.【2015天津】8.A. To work9.【2015天津】5.A. To absorbB. performing C. to perform D. being performed for two days,

42、 Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. B. WorkedC. To be working D. Having workedin painting, John didn t notice evening approaching.B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing 10.【2015 陕西】17. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedictwent on all the people who had

43、 helped in her career.A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked11.【2015 陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken12 .【2015 福建】28.more about Chinese culture, Jack has

44、 decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning13 .【2015 福建】33.In recent years an English word infosphere has appeared,the sense of “ information ” and atmosphere.A. combine B. combined C. combining D. being combined14 .【2015 江苏】24.Much tim

45、e sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubledby health problems.A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending15 .【2015 安徽27.the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.A. IgnoreB. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored16 .【2015 湖南】34.

46、Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students what isbothering them.A. to talk over B. talked over C talk over D having talked over非谓语动词练习二、 “高考2015年高考题选讲”解析：1. A.考查非谓语动词。主句的主语 she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用 v.-ing形式作伴随状语，故选 A 。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。2. C. 句意：为了赶上早班的

47、飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we ，不定式作目的状语，表示提前叫出租车并且早起的目的。3. C 考查非谓语动词，这里是现在分词作伴随或方式状语。此类题需要先判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词是主动关系还是被动关系，然后看非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序。4. D. 句意： 如果录用你了， 我们将很快通知你。 本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you， 与 accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。 本题暗含了状语从句的省略和非谓语动词的用法两个知识点，并牢记现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表将要执行的动作的原则。做好此类题需要牢记句子中省略，还

48、有主语和动词之间的关系。5. C.句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是 he,他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系.从选项看，不定式表示目的和将来；动词的 ing 形式表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断， 两个句子是否共用一个主语， 主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，再者还要注意判断时间关系，从而得出答案来。6. C 句意 :象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using 是伴随状语或方式。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某D 。 A 是动词原形， B 是非谓7. D.句意

49、：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。 人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动形式，所以选 语现在分词形式， C 是非谓语的不定式， D 是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。8. Do句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve,与work 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用 having worked ，表示动作的完成形式。9. C 。 句意：全神贯注于绘画中， 约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语 be absorbed in 全神贯注于， 在句中作状语，与主语呈被动关系，故选C。10. A. 句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后， Anne Bened

50、ict 继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。 go on to do 继续做不同的事情， go on doing 继续做相同的事情“” 的区别。11. B.句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和 take care of 是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选 B 。12. C.考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式作目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。13. C.句意：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了 信息”和气氛”这两个单词。这里的 “结合 ”与前面新出现的单词

51、infosphere 的关系是主动的，所以故选 C。14. C 。上班族们坐在办工座桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应该用独立主格结构。分词主语“ mcuh time ”和分词动作spend”之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，是被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词，故选Co15. B,考查动名词作主语。will be”前面的the difference between the two researchfindings 是主语部分， ”动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语， 要用动名词作主语。 且 you 和 ignore是主谓关系，此处是主动关系

52、，这里表示同时发生，而非先后发生，因此不用分词的完成式。16. Ao句意：有时我充当了倾听同学们谈论烦心事的对象。此处不定式表示目的，故选Ao第三部分 复合句复合句是指含有状语从句、名词从句和定语从句的句子，所有从句中要用陈述语 气和陈述语序。第一节 状语从句状语从包括时间、地点、原因、目的、条件、结果、让步等状语从句。一、时间状语从句，引导词有： when, whenever, as, while, before, after, until, since, as soon as, till, once the moment, the first time, by the time等I ll

53、tell him the news as soon asI met him.We waited till he had finished this work.They wont go until the class is over.I recognized you the minute I saw you.The first time I climbed onto the Great Wall, I felt nervous.小窍门：可以把the minute、the first time等替换成when来理解，这样，它们引 出的时间状语从句就容易理解了。另外注意两点：1、 when/whil

54、e/as：When引导时间状语从句时，既可以接时间段，又可以接时间点；while引导时间状语从句时接时间段（动词是延续性的）；as常常表示“随着；一边一边 另外，when常常表示“突然；正在那时”，相当于atthattime; suddenly ； while常 常表示“然而”。例如：My brother fell when/while he was riding his bicycle.（“当时候”，是一个“时间段”） When the film ended, the people went back.（“当 时候”，是一个“时间点”） We get wiseras we get older

55、.（“随着 ”）I was walking along the river when I heard someone called help.（“正在那时,突然”）The teacher could not work out the problemwhile the child could.（“然而”，弓I导并歹U句）2、时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时态表示将来时态。I will tell him about it when I see him.（用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态）I dont know when he will come back.（在宾语从句中，该用一般将来时态就

56、用一般将来时态） 二、地点状语从句，弓I导词有 where, wherever, everywhere, no matter whereHe w川 work wherever money is easily made.He found his computer where he had left it.Her dog follows her everywhere she goes.No matter where you study, you can improve yourself.三、目的状语从句，引导词有so that, in order that, in cas防，for fear （t

57、hat）以免 They study hardso that they can go to college.In order that he might get a job, he went to live in town.Take an umbrella with youin case it rains.He put his money in the boxfor fear that it （should） be stolen.（从句中用的是虚拟语气） 四、结果状语从句，引导词有 so- that, such- that, so that, with the result that等The s

58、tone is so heavy that nobody could move it.He is so honest that everyone believes in him.=He is so honest a manthat everyone believes in him.=He is such an honest manthat everyone believes in him.Sara wasnt at school last week,with the result that she missed an important test.五、原因状语从句，弓I导词有 because,

59、 since, as, now that=sinceBecause语气强，可以用来回答 why提出的问题，since和as语气较弱。I bought several pens because they were cheap.Since the weather has improved, the sports meet will be held as planned.六、条件状语从句，引导词有if如果；unless不用于虚拟语气）；in case万一， 如果； on condition that在的条件下； as/so long asR要；once旦条件状语从句中用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态。

60、If it is fine next Sunday, we will go for a spring outing.One cannot learn a foreign languageinless he studies hard.Please ask him to wait for a momentn case he arrives before I get back.They agreed to lend us the cao n condition that we should return it before the weekend. As 10ng as we dont lose h

61、eart, wgll find a way to solve it.Once you hear the story, you will never be able to forget it.七、方式状语从句，引导词有 as像一样；as if/as though好像，仿佛Please doas I tell you.The child act as if he were a man.（是虚拟语气）It looks as if it is going to rain.（事实是：要下雨了，是陈述语气，不是虚拟语气）、让步状语从句，弓I导词有 though, although, even thugh/

62、even if, whoever, no matter who, no matter wha侍Though/Although he is 60 years old, （yet） he looks quite young.用了 though,就不用 but） Whichever/No matter which book you borrow, you must return in in a week. 第三部分复合句 第一节 状语从句练习题：选择最佳答案。1. （a）.he heard this, he got very angry.（b） . I met Lucy I was walking

63、along the river.（c） .a child , he lived in the country.A. when B. while C.AsD. When/While/As2. （a）. We were about to leave it began to rain.（b）. She thought I was talking about her son, in fact, I was talking about my son.A. when B. while C.AsD. When/While/As3. (a). If we work hard, we can overcome

64、any difficulty, no matter great it is.(b) . If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty,great it is.(c) . If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty,difficulty it is.(d) . If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter difficulty it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever4. (a). He would have a look at the bookstores he went to tow