2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前模拟强化练习题84（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its now a global village where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is grea

2、tly enhanced by foreign language skillsDeeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are be

3、coming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being out of sight and out of mind. He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or acco

4、mpany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United Sates where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent.Thanks to a va

5、riety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another languag

6、e. A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and

7、 can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.1.What is the authors attitude toward high tech communications equipment?2.

8、With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, business people（ ）.3.In this passage, out of sight and out of mind (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means（ ）.4.According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?5.The advanta

9、ge of employees having foreign language skills is that they can（ ）.问题1选项A.CriticalB.IndifferentC.PrejudicedD.Positive问题2选项A.have to get familiar with modern technologyB.are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC.are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD.are eager to

10、 work overseas问题3选项A.being unable to think properly for lack of insightB.being totally out of touch with business at homeC.missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD.leaving all care and worthy behind问题4选项A.Connections with business overseasB.Ability to speak the clients language.C.Technical k

11、nowledgeD.Business experience问题5选项A.better control the whole negotiation processB.easily find new approaches to meet market needsC.fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD.easily make friends with business people abroad【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“批评的”，B项“漠视的，中立的”，C项“有偏见的”，D项“积极肯

12、定的”。文章第一段提到 “.our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills 我们从这种高科技通信设备中获益的能力因外语技能而大大提高”可知D项符合题意，故选D。2.事实细节题。A项“必须熟悉现代技术”，B项“从国内业务中获得更多的经济效益”，C项“更重视他们的海外业务”，D项“渴望去海外工作”。文章第二段提到“Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed o

13、f modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. 深入参与这项新技术的是一群现代商人，他们越来越重视跨国商业的经济价值”可知C项正确。3.词汇题。A项“因为缺乏洞察力而无法正确思考”； B项“与国内业务完全脱节”；C项“在国外失去晋升的机会”，D项“完全置之度外”。文章第三段提到“He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for

14、success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. 他或她可以确定，海外业务是公司成功计划的核心，外派往往意味着升职”是对out of sight and out of mind.的补充说明，选项C最符合题意，故选C。4.判断推理题。A项“与海外商业的联系”，B项“能说驻国语”，C项“技术知识”，D项“商业经验”。最后一段提到 “The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opport

15、unity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”可知B项是“当今国际公司在用人方面的一个重要考虑”，故选B。5.事实细节题。A项“更好地控制整个谈判过程”，B项“很容易找到新的方法来满足市场需求”，C项“迅速向总部反馈他们的建议”，D项“容易与海外商人交朋友”。文章最后一段提到“The employee pos

16、ted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”，可知A项“更好地控制整个谈判的进程”正确。BCD三项在文中均未提及。2. 填空题Opinion is a word that i

17、s used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste（1）, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt（2）too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance （3） it. I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, and Ev

18、eryones entitled to his opinion, are （4）expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It （5）on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a （6）Wha

19、t do you think of the new Ford cars? And he may reply, In my （7）, theyre ugly. In this case, it would not only be （8）to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion lie means his personal （9）, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, Its pointless to argue about matter

20、s of taste.But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper （10） that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere （11） and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly

21、arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere （12）these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may（13）elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without （14

22、）the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only （15）, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.【答案】1.belief2.attach3.tomon5.depends6.friend7.opinion8.intolerant9.preference10.reports11.likes12.between13.cont

23、ain14.examining15.permitted【解析】1.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到 “It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at. 这是一种随意达成的观点或信念”中“belief”及该句前后出现的judgment正好与之形成对应，故此处选belief。2.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，同时由下文“most do attach great importance”可知此处选attach。3.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，故此处

24、选to。mon “常见的;通常的”。前文提到“大多数人都很重视观点”， I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours我与你都有同样的权利去坚持各自的观点” Everyones entitled to his opinion每个人都有资格坚持自己的观点可知此处表示“常见表达方式”，故此处选common。5.“ depend on sth.依赖于，取决于”，固定搭配，根据前后文句意：这个标签是正确的吗？质疑别人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？这取决于你对“观点”的定义，由此可知，此处应选depends。6.根据上下文句意：比如，你可能会问一个“你觉得新

25、款福特车型怎么样”，他可能回答“在我看来有点丑”，可知此处选friend。7.“in ones opinion在某人看来”为 固定短语，故此处选opinion。8.前文提到“Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion?挑战他人的观点是心胸狭隘的吗？” 紧接着作者举例，正好与“intolerant”对应，故选intolerant。9.下文“a matter of taste一个喜好”是对空格处的补充说明，此处句意为：因为很明显，从意见上来说，谎言意味着他的个人偏好，也就是个人品味，可知选项preference “偏爱，喜好”最符合题意，故此处选p

26、reference。10.前文提到 “a newspaper”及下文新闻中的具体内容可知，此处选择reports “报 道”最符合题意，故此处选reports。11.下文提到“and dislikes 和厌恶”，由and可知此处应选择与“dislike”相对应的词，此处句意为：显然，大法官们并没有分享他们的个人偏好、他们的喜欢和不喜欢，故此处选likes。12.根据上下文“fall somewhere 落在某地”“these two extremes这两个极端”可知这里指“在之间”，故此处选between。13.根据上下文句意：它不是喜好的表达，也不是谨慎的判断。然而，它可能同时包含这两个要素

27、，可知此处选“contain包含，容纳”最符合题意，故选contain。14.上下文句意：这是一种观点或信念，无论是否有审查证据；介词without后接名词或动名词，可知此处选examining “检查；审查”最符合题意，故此处选examining。15.上下文句意为：每个人都有资格坚持自己的意见吗？当然，这不仅是允许的，而且是有保证的；结合短语 “not only.but also.不仅而且”的用法，可知此处应选择与 “guaranteed被保证”意义相应的词，故此处选permitted “被允许”。3. 填空题Every time a person eats something he ma

28、kes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community,（1） supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and food counters in drug stores. These selections make a （2） in how an individual looks,

29、how he feels, and how well he can work and play.When a good assortment of food in （3） amounts is selected and eaten, the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to （4） one to be as active as he needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable, the

30、（5） are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both.Studies of diets of individuals in the United States （6） that food selection is a highly individual matter, even among young children. Furthermore, far too many individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day and are either now

31、 （7） with the consequences or will be（8） the future.Nutritionists and （9） in allied professions have been（10） about helping people learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can（11） to a good diet.Most people believe that they are（12） that the choices they make are good ones.

32、 After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is really poor in one respect or （13） . Milk and milk products, such as cheese, ice-cream, （14） , and yogurt, are often neglected. Then people may leave out in their diets many fruits and vegetables, （15） those t

33、hat are good sources of vitamins A and C. These include dark green leafy vegetables; deep yellow vegetables; and citrus fruits and vegetables, such as cabbages, tomatoes, and green peppers.【答案】1.such as2.difference3.appropriate4.allow5.consequences6.show7.living8.in9.workers10.concerned11.add up12.w

34、ell-fed13.another14.buttermilk15.particularly【解析】1.前文提到“at many places in the community在社区的很多地方”，下文出现各种地方如supermarkets, drive-ins “超市、免下车餐厅”等为上文的举例，故选such as “例如”。2.前文提到“人们对食物的各种选择”，下文提到“how an individual lookswork and play 一个人的外表工作和娱乐”等推断此处应选择difference，“make a difference 有影响、起作用” 整句话的含义为：这些选择对一个人的

35、外表、感觉以及他工作和娱乐的能力产生了影响。3.由下文关键词“amounts数量”及句子“the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health.结果是更有可能获得理想的健康水平” 可推断此处应选择“适量的食物”，故选appropriate “合适的；恰当的”。4.前文提到“适量且好的食物选择更可能让人健康和有充足的能量”可推断此处应选“允许”，表示“允许人们像他需要和想要的那样活跃”，故选allow “容许；允许”。5.前文提到“ When choices are less than desirable但食物选择较

36、不理想时”，下文“are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both可能不健康或者精力有限，或者两者皆有”，根据句意知前后为因果关系，故此处选consequences“结果，后果”。6.由前文关键词“studies调查，研究”及下文“that”后的调查结果“食物选择是一个高度个性化的问题，即使在幼儿中也是如此”可推断此处选择show“显示”符合题意。7.上文提到“far too many individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day 很多各个年龄阶层的个人每天

37、的食物选择都很糟糕”及下文关键词“with the consequences带着这些后果”可推断此处选“living生活”最符合题意。8.in the future 为固定短语“在将来”，故选“in”。整句话含义为“此外，很多各个年龄阶层的个人每天的食物选择都很糟糕，他们要么已经生活在这些糟糕选择所带来的后果中，要么将在未来遭遇这些。”9.由空格前表并列关系的连接词and “和；与”可知此处应选择与“Nutritionists营养学家”同类词，选项中workers “工人；劳动者”最符合题意，故选“workers”。10.“ be concerned about关心” 为固定短语，故选conc

38、erned “关心的”。11.上文提到“a wide variety of food combinations各种各样的食物组合”可推断此处指“合计或总计”的意思，故选add up“合计；总计”符合题意。整句话的含义为：营养学家和相关专业的工作人员一直在关注帮助人们学会选择和享受各种各样的食物组合，这些食物组合可以构成好的饮食。12.下文提到“that the choices they make are good ones.认为自己的食物选择是很好的”及“However, their nutrition is really poor.然而，他们的营养实际上很不好”可推断此处含义为“很多人认为他

39、们营养充足”，故选well-fed “营养充足的”。13.in one respect“表示在一个方面”，or “或者；或”表示并列关系，由此可推断another “另外的”符合题意。整句话的含义为：然而，他们的营养在某方面实际上很不好。14.此处为对“Milk and milk products牛奶及牛奶制品” 举例，选项中只有buttermilk “脱脂牛奶”符合题意，故选“buttermilk”。15.前文提到 “Then people may leave out in their diets many fruits and vegetables 然后是人们可能在自己的食物中漏掉很多水果

40、和蔬菜”，下文中 those that are good sources of vitamins A and C，那些富含维他命A与C的水果和蔬菜”可推断此处表示“特别是那些常含维他命A与C的水果和蔬菜”，选项中particularly “特别地”符合题意。4. 填空题Acting is such an overcrowded profession that the only advice that should be given to a young person thinking of going on the stage is Dont! But it is useless to try

41、 to discourage someone （1） feels that he must act, although the chances of his becoming famous are （2） . The normal way to begin is to go to a drama school. Usually only students who show promise and （3） are accepted, and the course lasts two years. Then the young （4） or actress takes up work with a

42、 play company, usually as assistant stage manager. This means （5） everything that there is to do in the theatre: painting scenery, looking after the furniture, taking care of the clothes, and even acting in very small parts. It is very （6） work indeed, the hours are long and the salary is tiny. But

43、young actors with the stage in their blood are （7） ,waiting for the chance of working with a better company, or perhaps in films or television.Of course, some people have unusual chances, which lead to （8） and success （9） this long and dull training. Connie Pratt, for example, was just an ordinary g

44、irl working in a bicycle factory. A film producer happened to （10） sight of her one morning waiting at a bus stop, as he （11） past in his big car. He told the bus driver to stop, and he got out to speak to the girl. He asked her （12） she would like to go to the film company to do a test, and at firs

45、t she thought he was joking. Then she got angry and said she would call the police. It took the producer （13） minutes to tell Connie that he was serious. Then an appointment was made for her to go to the company the next day. The test was successful. They gave her some necessary lessons and within a

46、 few weeks she was playing the leading（14） in a film, which made her well-known overnight （15） the country. Of course, she was given a dramatic name, which is now world famous. But chances like this happen once in a blue moon!【答案】1.who2.small3.talent4.actor5.doing6.hard7.happy8.fame9.without10.catch

47、11.drove12.if13.twenty14.part15.throughout【解析】1.后文“feels that he must act” 为someone 的后置定语， 此处缺关系代词，故选“who”。2. 整句话的含义为：试图阻止那些自认为他必须演戏的人是没用的，尽管成名的机会“Although” 表转折关系，由此可推断“成名机会很小”符合逻辑，故选 “small” 。3.“and”表并列，故此处应选择与 “promise希望” 同类名词，选项中“talent天赋”符合要求。4.“or或者”表并列，故此处应选择与“actress女演员”的同类名词，故选“actor男演员”。5.“

48、mean doing sth.意味着做某事”，故此处选“doing”。6.前文提到作为舞台监督助理需要承担的一系列工作，以及后文提到工作时间长，薪水少，可知“这份工作很辛苦”， 故选“hard辛苦的”。7.“But但是”表转折，此处填入的词应与前文“辛苦的工作”形成反差，“happy”符合逻辑，整句话的含义为：但是这些将演戏融入自己血液的年轻人是快乐的，他们在等待机会去一个更好的公司或者出演电影电视。故选“happy”。8.“and”表并列，此处应选择与“success成功”同类名词，故选“fame名气”。9.前文提到“有些人因获得不寻常的机会而成名”和后文普通女孩Connie Pratt的例

49、子可知她“没有经过漫长且枯燥的训练”，故选“without没有”。10.“catch sight of sb.看见某人”为固定短语，故选“catch”。11.后文提到“in his big car在他的大车中”，可推测此处应选择与“车子”相关的词，“drive past”即“驾车驶过” ，符合原文，本句描述过去发生的事件，故选drive的过去式“drove”。12.根据语境及整句话含义“他问她（Connie Pratt）想去电影公司做测试，开始Connie Pratt觉得他在开玩笑”推断此处选“if是否”。13.由下文 “minutes分钟”可知这里需要选择一个描述时间的量词，故选数词“twe

50、nty”。14.“play the leading part担任主角”为固定短语， “part”此处为“角色”的意思。15.“throughout the country全国”为固定短语，故选“throughout遍及”。5. 写作题Directions: Write a short essay of about 300 words on the following topic. Do remember to provide a title for your essay. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.Some people believe that

51、 the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe the best way is through personal experience.Compare the advantages of these two different ways. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference.【答案】略6. 单选

52、题A Professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise jar and proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.So the Professor t

53、hen picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then asked the students again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.The Professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of cou

54、rse, the sand filled up everything else. He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous Yes.The Professor then produced two cans of beer from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar, effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The studen

55、ts laughed.“Now,” said the Professor, as the laughter subsided, “I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life.”The golf balls are the important thingsyour family, your children, your health, your friends, your favorite passions things that if everything else was lost and only they rema

56、ined, your life would still be full.The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car. The sand is everything elsethe small stuff.“If you put the sand into the jar first”, he continued, there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same goes for life. If you

57、spend all your time and energy on the small stuff, you will never have room for the things that are important to you. Pay attention to the things that are critical to your happiness. Play with your children. Take time to get medical checkups. Take your partner out to dinner. Play another 18. There w

58、ill always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal. Take care of the golf balls first, the things that really matter. Set your priorities. The rest is just sand.When he had finished, there was a profound silence. Then one of the students raised her hand and with a puzzled expression, inquir

59、ed what was the beer represented.The Professor smiled. Im glad you asked. It just goes to show you that no matter how full your life may seem, theres always room for a couple of beers.Lesson: When things in your life seem almost too much to handle, when 24 hours in a day are not enough, remember the

60、 mayonnaise jar.and the beer.1.The professor illustrated his point by（ ） .2.When the professor poured the beer into the jar, the students most probably would not（ ） .3.The author tends to compare house cleaning to （ ）.4.The professor employed the beer to signify（ ） .5.By writing the story, the autho

61、r intends to be（ ） .问题1选项A.analogyB.exemplifyingC.punningD.personification问题2选项A.find it unexpectedB.be amazed by himC.appreciate his wisdomD.understand his intension问题3选项A.the golf ballsB.the pebblesC.the sandD.the beer问题4选项A.tricks to make life more beautifulB.relaxation no matter how full life is

62、C.things that are unnecessary for lifeD.that we can always find leisure time问题5选项A.philosophicalB.enlighteningC.encouragingD.informative【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。A项“类比”；B项“举例；例示”；C项“双关”；D项“拟人法”。短文第六段 “The golf balls are the important thingsyour family, your children, your health, your

63、 friends”高尔夫球好比我们生活中重要的东西家庭、孩子、健康、朋友”以及第七段“The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car”鹅卵石好比其他重要的东西工作、房子、车子作者运用一系列类比，故选A。2.判断推理题。A项“觉得意外”；B项“感到吃惊”；C项“欣赏他的智慧”；D项“理解他的意图”。注意题干要求“当教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子，学生们最不可能会”。短文第五段中教授说“我想你们认识到这个蛋黄酱罐代表你们的生活”可推知“学生们不可能明白教授将啤酒倾倒进蛋黄酱罐子的意图”；从

64、学生们对于教授几次将不同东西填充到罐子中的反应可以推断出学生们“意外、吃惊、欣赏教授的智慧”，故选D项。3.事实细节题。A项“高尔夫球”指“生活中重要的东西家庭、孩子、健康、朋友及喜好”；B项“鹅卵石”指代“工作、房子和汽车”；C项“沙子”指“生活中其他一切琐事”；D项“啤酒”指代“生活中的休闲”。短文第八段第一句“如果你先用沙子将蛋黄酱罐子装满，那么里面就没有放鹅卵石和高尔夫球的空间”以及第八段中“There will always be time to clean the house, and fix the disposal.打扫房间和处理废物的时间总是有的”等细节可知作者将打扫房间比作沙子，故选C。4.判断推理题。A.项“让生活变得更美好的小窍门”；B项“不管生活多满也要放松”；C项“生活中