2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试名师点拨押题密卷1（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题If you want to get into that tunnel, you first have to _ away all the rocks.问题1选项A.haulB.transferC.repelD.dispose【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. haul （用力）拖；拉；拽 B. transfer （使）转移；搬迁C. repel 击退；驱逐 D. dispose 排列；布置；安排【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：如果你想进入隧道，你必须先所有的岩石。根据句意，进入隧道前要把阻挡的岩

2、石移走。因此选A选项正确，表示用力拖走岩石。【干扰项排除】B选项transfer“（使）转移；搬迁”，多指到新地方，到新的工作、学校、环境；该选项不符合语境；C、D选项均不符合句意。【句意】如果你想进入隧道，你首先得把所有的石头都拖走。2. 单选题The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound

3、personal health choices and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively refuse to

4、wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want and live a completely sedentary life style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a

5、difficulty. As one example a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors both inherited and environmental influence the development of health related behaviors and

6、it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However the decision to adopt a particular health related behavior is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of pers

7、onal choice Fries and Grapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, per

8、sonal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity1. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because _.2. To “live a completely sedentary life-style” (Para. 1) in the passage means _.3. Soun

9、d personal health choice is often difficult to make because _.4. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to _5. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on _.问题1选项A.personal health choice help cure most illnessB.it helps raise the

10、 level of our medical knowledgeC.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD.wrong decisions could lead to poor health问题2选项A.to “live an inactive life”B.to “live a decent life”C.to “live a life with complete freedom”D.to “live a life of vice”问题3选项A.current medical knowledge is still ins

11、ufficientB.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of lifeD.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends问题4选项A.improving the quality of ones lifeB.limiting ones personal health choiceC.deliberately endin

12、g ones lifeD.breaking the rules of social behavior问题5选项A.personal decisionsB.societys lawsC.statistical evidenceD.friends opinions【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1. 【选项释义】The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because _. 关于健康的个人选择概念很重要，因为_。A. personal health choice help cure

13、most illness A. 个人健康选择有助于治愈大多数疾病B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge B. 它有助于提高我们的医学知识水平C. it is essential to personal freedom in American society C. 它对美国社会的个人自由至关重要D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health D. 错误的决定会导致健康状况不佳【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第二句“如果每个人都能做出明智的个人健康选择，

14、并且不愿意看到它在社会的法律和道德范围内被限制，那么估计90%的疾病是可以预防的。”由此可知，正确的个人健康选择可以预防疾病，因此可以推断错误的选择会对健康有害。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“个人健康选择有助于治愈大多数疾病”，文中提到“如果每个人都能做出明智的个人健康选择，并且不愿意看到它在社会的法律和道德范围内被限制，那么估计90%的疾病是可以预防的。”可知个人健康选择可以预防疾病，而并不是治愈疾病，该选项属于偷换概念；B选项“它有助于提高我们的医学知识水平”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“它对美国社会的个人自由至关重要”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】

15、To “live a completely sedentary life-style” (Para. 1) in the passage means _. “过一种完全久坐的生活方式”(第1段)在文中的意思是_。A. to “live an inactive life” A. “过一种不活跃的生活”B. to “live a decent life” B. “过体面的生活”C. to “live a life with complete freedom” C. “过一种完全自由的生活”D. to “live a life of vice” D. “过着罪恶的生活”【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题

16、。【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph 1与题干信息可定位到第一段第四句“一种没有任何运动的完全久坐不动的生活方式（a completely sedentary life style without any exercise）”由此可知这种完全久坐的生活就是没有运动的生活，即不活跃的生活。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项属于曲解原文。3. 【选项释义】Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because _. 正确的个人健康选择往往很难做出，因为_。A. current medical knowledge

17、is still insufficient A. 目前的医学知识仍然不足B. there are many factors influencing our decisions B. 有许多因素影响我们的决定C. few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life C. 很少有人愿意用生活的质量来换取生活的数量D. people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends D. 人们通常会受到朋友行为的影响【答案】B【考查点】事

18、实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段第一句“许多因素，包括遗传和环境影响（A multitude of factors both inherited and environmental influence）健康相关行为的发展，去讨论所有这些因素超出了本文的范围，因为它们可能影响任何给定的个人。”由此可知，有太多因素影响人们做决定。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“目前的医学知识仍然不足”，文中讲的是各种因素影响人们主观判断，并没有讲目前医学知识不足，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“很少有人愿意用生活的质量来换取生活的数量”，文中最后一句提到“因此，对于那些既想保持生活质量又想保持生活数量

19、的人来说，个人健康选择应该反映那些与增加活力和长寿的统计概率相关的行为。”由此可知“很少有人愿意用生活的质量来换取生活的数量”与做出正确健康选择无关，该选项属于张冠李戴；D选项“人们通常会受到朋友行为的影响”，朋友影响属于外界环境影响，而由文中可知遗传和环境影响健康相关行为的发展，该选项是片面概括，属于以偏概全。4. 【选项释义】To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to _ 有意识地允许自己追求不健康的习惯被Fries和Crapo比作_。A. improving

20、 the quality of ones life A. 提高一个人的生活质量B. limiting ones personal health choice B. 限制个人健康选择C. deliberately ending ones life C. 故意结束自己的生命D. breaking the rules of social behavior D. 打破社会行为的规则【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段最后两句“在讨论个人选择的道德问题时，Fries和Grapo做了一个比喻。他们认为，明知自己的行为有缩短寿命的统计概率，却仍然去追求，这类似于试图自杀（

21、attempting suicide）。”由此可知追求不健康的行为类似于自杀也就是结束自己的生命。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“提高一个人的生活质量”，该选项属于曲解原文；B选项“限制个人健康选择”，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“打破社会行为的规则”，该选项属于曲解原文。5. 【选项释义】According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on _. 弗莱斯和克拉波认为，合理的健康选择应该基于_。A. personal decisions A. 个人的决定B. societys laws B. 社会的法律C. st

22、atistical evidence C. 统计证据D. friends opinions D. 朋友的意见【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到文章最后一句“因此，对于那些既想保持生活质量又想保持生活数量的人来说，个人健康选择应该反映那些与增加活力和长寿的统计概率（statistical probability）相关的行为。”因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“个人的决定”，文中有提到“明知自己的行为有缩短寿命的统计概率，却仍然去追求，这类似于试图自杀”因此不能根据个人的决定而选择，该选项属于反向干扰；B选项“社会的法律”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“朋友

23、的意见”，文中提到个人的选择会受到外界环境影响，但合理的选择并不能基于朋友的意见，该选项与原文意思相反，该选项属于反向干扰。3. 单选题A hidden alarm under the cashiers table can be _ in case of emergency.问题1选项A.negotiatedB.initiatedC.launchedD.activated【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. negotiated 谈判；协商 B. initiated 开始；发起C. launched 发射 D. activated 激活【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：收银台下面隐

24、藏的警报器可以在紧急情况下。根据逻辑，在紧急情况下，可以启动也就是激活警报器。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】收银台下面隐藏的警报器可以在紧急情况下启动。4. 单选题Many of the shopkeepers are poor. There isnt much _ in this town.问题1选项A.failureB.advantageC.prosperityD.indigence【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. failure 失败的人（或事物） B. advantage 有利条件C. prosperity 兴旺；繁荣 D. indi

25、gence 穷困；贫乏【答案】C【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：许多店主都很穷。这个城镇不太。根据逻辑，由这个镇子上的店主很穷可以推测，这个镇子比较贫穷也就是不太繁华。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项failure“失败的人（或事物）”，因为句子前半部分说镇子很穷，后半部分说没有，因此不可能是没有太多失败的人，该选项不符合逻辑；B选项advantage“有利条件”，题目说到店主很穷，店主与有利条件联系不大，该选项不符合逻辑；D选项indigence“穷困；贫乏”，题目说到大部分店主都很穷，因此这个城镇应该是有很多贫困的情况，而不是没有，因此该选项不符合逻辑。【句意】许多店主都很穷。这个城镇

26、不太繁华。5. 翻译题这是一只如此灵敏的（sensitive）安培表（ammeter）以至于它能测出电流的微弱变化。【答案】This is such a sensitive ammeter that it can measure a slight change in the current.6. 单选题If you go to the park early in the morning, youll _ find Mr. Smith doing Taijiquan (traditional Chinese shadow boxing) there.问题1选项A.invariablyB.inva

27、lidlyC.innovativelyD.instantaneously【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. invariably 始终如一地；一贯地 B. invalidly 无价值地；无用地C. innovatively 独创性地 D. instantaneously 瞬间地；稍纵即逝地【答案】A【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】句意：如果你一大早去公园，你会发现史密斯先生在那里打太极拳。根据逻辑，应该是会总是看到他在公园打太极拳。因此选A选项invariably“始终如一地；一贯地”。invariably相当于always，可引申为“总是”的意思。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后

28、构成相应的逻辑关系。【句意】如果你一大早去公园，你总会发现史密斯先生在那里打太极拳。7. 翻译题The atomic number (原子序数) is equal to the number of electrons per atom or, what is equivalent, the number of protons (质子) per nucleus.【答案】原子序数等于每个原子的电子数或者相当于每个原子核的质子数。8. 单选题If you cannot attend the meeting, please find someone to _ for you.问题1选项A.replac

29、eB.substituteC.displaceD.misplace【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. replace 取代 B. substitute 代替C. displace 取代；替代 D. misplace 随意搁置；乱放【答案】B【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】substitute for意为“代替；取代”。由句意“如果你不能参加会议，请找人你。”可知该搭配符合句意，意为“如果你不能参加会议，请找人代替你。”因此选A。【干扰项排除】A选项replace“取代”，replace for意为“将取代成”，不符合语境；C选项displace“取代；替代”，不与for搭配；D选项mispla

30、ce“随意搁置；乱放”不符合语境。【句意】如果你不能参加会议，请找人代替你。9. 单选题She decided to _ in the history course at the local evening school.问题1选项A.enterB.enrollC.attendD.register【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. enter 进来；进去 B. enroll 登记；报名C. attend 出席；参加 D. register 登记；注册【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：她决定在当地的夜校历史课。根据句意，可以推测她应该是在当地的夜校报名上历史课。因此选B。【干扰项排

31、除】A选项enter“进来；进去”，指进入或进入某事物，不符合语境；C选项attend“出席；参加”，指出席某一事件，不符合语境；D选项register“登记；注册”，指把你/某人/某物的名字记在正式的名单上，不符合语境。【句意】她决定报名当地夜校的历史课程。10. 单选题Mr. Smith became very _ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. ingenious 精巧的；新颖独特的 B.

32、empirical 经验主义的C. objective 客观的 D. indignant 愤慨的；愤怒的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句意：当有人暗示史密斯先生犯了一个错误时，他变得非常。根据逻辑，当有人指出自己错误的时候，人们会感到非常愤怒。因此史密斯先生被指出错误时会变得愤怒。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】当有人暗示史密斯先生犯了一个错误时，他变得非常愤怒。11. 单选题People are criticizing the economic policies that have _ the decline of manufac

33、turing industry.问题1选项A.assessedB.acceptedC.accessedD.accelerated【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. assessed 对进行评估 B. accepted 接受；相信C. accessed 接近；进入 D. accelerated 加速；促进【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：人们对制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。根据逻辑，因为是人们批评的，所以应该是人们认为有些经济政策会不利于制造业的发展，可能会加速制造业的衰退，对于这些经济政策人们提出批评。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句

34、意】人们对加速制造业衰退的经济政策提出了批评。12. 单选题_ efforts are needed in order to finish important but unpleasant tasks.问题1选项A.ConsecutiveB.CondensedC.PerpetualD.Persistent【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. Consecutive 连续不断的 B. Condensed 浓缩的C. Perpetual 长久的；终身的 D. Persistent 执著的；不屈不挠的；坚持不懈的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句意：为了完成重要但不愉快的任务，需要努力。这

35、里强调不愉快但是重要的任务，因此需要一种坚持的努力。D选项指不顾困难执意做某事，在这里符合语境。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项Consecutive“连续不断的”，指一个接一个，连续不断，没有中断。而句中强调的是坚持做不愉快但重要的事情，该选项不是最佳选项；B选项Condensed“浓缩的”，该选项不符合句意；D选项Perpetual“长久的；终身的”，该选项不符合语境。【句意】为了完成重要但不愉快的任务，需要坚持不懈的努力。13. 翻译题如果把电压加到电路的两端，在电路中就会有电流流动。【答案】If the voltage is applied to both ends of the cir

36、cuit, there will be current flow in the circuit.14. 单选题Plenty of facts _ him to our point of view.问题1选项A.consentedB.convertedC.conversedD.conformed【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. consented 同意；准许 B. converted （使）改变（观点、习惯等）C. conversed 交谈；谈话 D. conformed 与一致【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：许多事实使他我们的观点。根据句意，应该是大量的事实证明我们的观点正确

37、，所以这些事实使他的观点转变到我们的观点。convert常与to连用。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项consented“同意；准许”，不与to连用；C选项conversed“交谈；谈话”，不符合语境；D选项conformed“与一致”不与to连用。【句意】许多事实使他同意了我们的观点。15. 单选题Dr. Johnson was granted an honored title in _ of his valuable work for the college.问题1选项A.advancementB.acquisitionC.announcementD.acknowledgement【答案】D

38、【解析】【选项释义】A. advancement 促进；推动 B. acquisition （知识、技能等的）获得；得到C. announcement （指行动）宣布；宣告 D. acknowledgement （对事实、现实、存在的）承认；感谢；谢礼【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】句意：约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以他为学院所做的宝贵工作。根据逻辑，是由于约翰逊博士为学院做了贡献所以被授予荣誉称号，这个称号是用来感谢他的。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号，以表彰他为学院所做的宝贵工作。16. 单选题Despite

39、 his _ planning, the exposition turned out to be a failure.问题1选项A.exquisiteB.exhaustedC.elaborateD.insufficient【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. exquisite精美的；精致的 B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的C. elaborate详尽的；精心制作的 D. insufficient不充分的；不足的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】句意：尽管他的计划，博览会还是以失败告终。根据逻辑，这里存在一个转折关系，后半句讲博览会是失败的，则可以推测前半句中他的计划应该

40、是精心制作的，但是博览会以失败告终。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】尽管他精心策划，博览会还是失败了。17. 单选题In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. T

41、his period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received

42、 for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s.In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and i

43、t represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment A

44、ct, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law wa

45、s declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the princi

46、ple of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交

47、) grain, and fertilizers.1. What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products?2. The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was _.3. The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to _.4. The Supreme Court rejected the Agri

48、cultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act _.5. It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at _.问题1选项A.The impact of the Great Depression.B.The shrinking of overseas markets.C.The destruction caused by the First World War.D.The increased expo

49、rts of European countries.问题2选项A.to increase farm productionB.to establish agricultural lawsC.to prevent farmers from going bankruptD.to promote the mechanization of agriculture问题3选项A.reduce their scale of productionB.make full use of their landC.adjust the prices of their farm productsD.be self-suf

50、ficient in agricultural production问题4选项A.might cause greater scarcity of farm productsB.didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough powerC.would benefit neither the government nor the farmersD.benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others问题5选项A.reducing the cost of farmingB.conserving

51、soil in the long-term interest of the nationC.lowering the burden of farmersD.helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1. 【选项释义】What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products? 是什么导致了对美国农产品需求的下降？A. The impact of the Grea

52、t Depression. A. 大萧条的影响。B. The shrinking of overseas markets. B. 海外市场的萎缩。C. The destruction caused by the First World War. C. 第一次世界大战造成的破坏。D. The increased exports of European countries. D. 欧洲国家出口的增加。【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第一句“20世纪20年代，随着欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复，并开始实施紧缩计划以减少进口，对美国农产品的需求下降。（dema

53、nd for American farm products fell）。”由此可知欧洲国家减少了进口，可推断海外市场变得萎缩。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“大萧条的影响。”，大萧条使得美国对农产品需求下降更严重，而不是导致美国农产品需求下降的原因，该选项属于本末倒置；C选项“第一次世界大战造成的破坏。”，文中提到“欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复和制定紧缩计划减少进口”，是欧洲国家开始在一战后进行恢复导致他们进口产品减少，而不是一战造成的破坏使美国农产品需求下降，该选项属于过度推断；D选项“欧洲国家出口的增加。”，文中提到“欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复和制定紧缩计划减少进口”欧洲国家

54、减少了进口，但是文中没有说欧洲国家增加出口，该选项属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was _. 20世纪20年代，美国政府在农业领域最关心的是_。A. to increase farm production A. 增加农业生产B. to establish agricultural laws B. 制定农业法律C. to prevent farmers from going bankrupt C. 防止农民破产D. to pr

55、omote the mechanization of agriculture D. 推进农业机械化【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“它确立了直接干预供求关系的原则（the principle of direct interference with supply and demand），并代表了第一个为农民提供更大经济稳定性的国家承诺。”由此可推断政府采取直接干预农业供求矛盾，原则上为农民提供更大的经济稳定性，即预防农民破产。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“增加农业生产”，根据文章可知，这段时期农产品需求下降，农产品价格下降，因此政府不可能要增加农业生产，该

56、选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；B选项“制定农业法律”，政府制定法律的目的是为农民提供更大的经济稳定性的国家承诺，保护他们不破产，该选项属于本末倒置；D选项“推进农业机械化”，文章第一段提到“这一时期对农民来说比以前更糟糕，因为农民不再自给自足。他们购买机器、种子和肥料，也购买消费品。农民购买的产品价格保持不变，而他们收到的产品价格却下降了。”，也就是说他们购买的机器价格不变但是农产品价格下降，因此政府不会推行农业机械化，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers

57、to _. 农业调整法案鼓励美国农民_。A. reduce their scale of production A. 减少他们的生产规模B. make full use of their land B. 充分利用他们的土地C. adjust the prices of their farm products C. 调整农产品价格D. be self-sufficient in agricultural production D. 农业生产实现自给自足【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段“这项法律赋予农业部长通过与农民自愿达成协议来减少产量的权力，这些农民收取费

58、用让他们停止使用自己的土地（take their land out of use）。”由此可知该法案减少农民的权力，让他们停止使用自己的土地，由此可推断该法案让农民减少生产规模。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“充分利用他们的土地”，文章没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“调整农产品价格”，文中提到“故意造成农产品短缺是为了提高价格。”指的是通过农民减少产量导致价格上升，而不是农民自己调整农产品价格，该选项属于过度推断；D选项“农业生产实现自给自足”，文章没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。4. 【选项释义】The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Ad

59、justment Act because it believed that the Act _. 大法院驳回了农业调整法案，因为它认为该法案_。A. might cause greater scarcity of farm products A. 可能会导致更严重的农产品短缺B. didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power B. 没有给农业部长足够的权力C. would benefit neither the government nor the farmers C. 对政府和农民都没有好处D. benefited one grou

60、p of citizens at the expense of others D. 以牺牲他人为代价使一部分公民受益【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“最高法院宣布这项法律违宪，理由是征收一般税是为了支付给一个特殊群体。”以及“罗斯福政府认为，重建国家的土地符合国家利益，而不仅仅是牺牲其他公民的利益来帮助农民的计划（was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens）。”由此可知该法案是针对一部分人的，牺牲其他公民利益来帮助农民，因此推断是牺牲他人使一部分公民受益。因

61、此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“可能会导致更严重的农产品短缺”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“没有给农业部长足够的权力”，文中提及“这项法律赋予农业部长通过与农民自愿达成协议来减少产量的权力”，说明农业部长有足够的权力，该选项与原文意思相反，该选项属于反向干扰C选项“对政府和农民都没有好处”，文中提及“罗斯福政府认为，重建国家的土地符合国家利益，而不仅仅是牺牲其他公民的利益来帮助农民的计划。”，说明该法案对农民是有好处的，该选项属于反向干扰。5. 【选项释义】It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at _. 据称，罗斯福政府时期通过的新法律旨在_。A. reducing the cost of farming A. 降低农业成本B. conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation B. 从国家长远利益出