2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题93（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-南开大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get （ ） quickly.问题1选项A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。decompose“分解, 腐烂”;denounce“谴责, 告发”;detach“分离, 派遣”;deduce“推断, 演绎出”。句意:炎热地区的恶劣潮湿天气会使植物迅速分解腐烂。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题The senator

2、agrees that his support of the action would （ ） his chances for reelection.问题1选项A.obscureB.mystifyC.jeopardizeD.distinguish【答案】C【解析】近义词词义辨析。obscure“使模糊不清, 掩盖”;mystify“使迷惑, 使困惑”;jeopardize“危及, 危害, 使陷危地”;distinguish“区分, 辨别, 使杰出”。句意:参议员承认他支持这次行动会影响他再次获选的机会。选项C符合语境。3. 单选题The liberal arts education asks

3、that we confront our unexamined world view with historical understanding, new theories and intercultural （ ） .问题1选项A.prospectsB.perspectivesC.aspectsD.respects【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“观点，远景”;aspect“方面，形势”;respect“尊敬, 尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我们用历史理解、新理论和跨文化视角来看待我们未经检验的世界观。根据句意可知，填空处是表示看待未经检验的

4、世界观的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective强调主体, 指人观察或思考的角度;而aspect强调客体, 指事物的某个方面。句中强调的是我们看待世界的跨文化角度，所以选项B更符合语境。4. 单选题The torch was （ ） by a famous athlete at the opening of the sports meeting.问题1选项A.deceivedB.ignitedC.implementedD.designated【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。deceive“欺骗, 行骗”;ignite“点燃, 使燃烧”;i

5、mplement“实施, 执行”;designate“指定, 指派”。句意:在运动会开幕式上火炬由一名著名的运动员点燃。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题You are not allowed to take a second job （ ） your employer gives you permission.问题1选项A.unlessB.so long asC.otherwiseD.whereas【答案】A【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非, 如果不”;so long as“只要”;otherwise“否则, 不然”;whereas“然而, 鉴于, 反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许, 否则你

6、不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patientsto speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to upho

7、ld a promise of secrecy.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer? If he asks, should the doctor deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Doctors co

8、nfront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patients own sake. In their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, a

9、nd that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truths sak

10、e, and that is, as far as possible do no harm.” Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will “do no harm” and may well help their patients.But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be document

11、ed. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patien

12、ts cope with illness.Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception, they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health. Lies also do harms to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in th

13、e long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical

14、 profession.1.Doctors think that lying to their patients is （ ）.2.Most patients think that being told the truth of their illness may （ ） .3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the author?4.What is the authors attitude towards doctors?问题1选项A.a medical traditionB.to harm their o

15、wn integrityC.to defend medicineD.uttering the truth for truths sake问题2选项A.slow down recoveryB.lead to suicide in some casesC.be too hard for them to acceptD.help deal with illness问题3选项A.Doctors are often in a dilemma as to tell the patient his real condition of health.B.Doctors reluctance to tell p

16、atient truth has no real support in reality.C.Doctors lies are different from that of lawyers and government officials.D.Doctors and patients hold different views about telling truth.问题4选项A.realisticB.praisingC.objectiveD.appreciative【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第三段的第二句“Ours is a profession

17、 . as far as possible do no harm.”我们这个职业，传统上恪守一个信条，这个信条超越了为真理而说真话的美德，那就是尽可能“不伤害他人”。由此可知，医生认为对病人撒谎是一种医学传统。选项A符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究表明，与许多医生的信念相反，绝大多数患者希望被告知真相，甚至是关于严重疾病的真相。真实的信息和人性化的传达，有助于病人应对疾病。选项D符合原文。3.信息判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”.”病人的不信

18、任使医疗诉讼案增多, 造成医生避免风险的“防御性诊治”增多。这里的“防御性诊治”指的就是对病人撒谎的行为，所以选项A说医生陷入两难境地的说法是错误的。4.观点态度题。结合文章内容可知，作者对医生的这种做法并没有赞美或者赏识，选项B和D首先排除。全文作者都是在客观的描述事实，客观的分析问题，所以作者的态度是客观的，选项B正确。7. 单选题The book might well have（ ） had it been less expensive.问题1选项A.worked outB.gone throughC.fitted inD.caught on【答案】D【解析】动词短语含义辨析。work

19、out“解决, 算出, 实现”;go through“检查, 通过”;fit in“适应, 适合”;catch on“理解, 变得流行”。句意:如果这本书不那么贵的话, 可能会很流行。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题As regards to the development of moral standards in the growing child, （ ） is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality.

20、问题1选项A.persistenceB.regularityC.consistencyD.conformity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。persistence持续，固执；regularity规则性，整齐；consistency一致性；conformity一致，符合。句意：关于成长中的孩子道德标准的发展，一致性在父母的教学中是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又原谅它，这不是道德的基础。强调一致的性质，所以选项C更恰当9. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present

21、 organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.amiableB.obsoleteC.aggressiveD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。amiable“和蔼可亲的, 亲切的”;obsolete“废弃的, 老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的, 好斗的, 激进的, 有进取心的”;harmonious“和谐的, 和睦的”。句意:国际体育运动应该在各国之间建立友好关系, 但在现在的奥运会组织中, 某种程度上鼓励了激进的爱国主义。选项C符合语境。10. 单选题Mary didnt

22、openly attack the plan, but her opposition was（ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immortal【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲从的”；internal“内部的，内在的”；immortal“不朽的，长生的”。句意：Mary没有公开抨击这项计划，但是她反对的态度含蓄的体现在她没有说任何支持它的话。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题Gr

23、een means healthy outside of hospitals, too. Office workers with nature views are more （1 ）about their jobs, less frustrated, in better health and more satisfied with their （2 ） , according to one study. According to another, prison inmates whose cells looked out on farm fields needed far less healt

24、h care than those whose cells faced a （3 ） internal courtyard. Psychologists have found that exposure （4 ） trees, streams and other natural features improves concentration, creativity and emotional functioning. In one study. Frances Kuo, PhD, a psychologist who （5 ） the Landscape and Human Health La

25、boratory at the University of Illinois, and her colleagues showed that 20-minute walks across leafy city parks eases ADHD （6 ） in kids. A few years ago, Kuo and her research partners tested children in a high-rise Chicago public-housing project to see if a view of nature from their apartments helped

26、 them psychologically. （7 ） with girls who looked out on brick and asphalt, girls who saw trees from their windows concentrated better, acted less （8 ） and were more able to delay gratification. That （9 ） better self-discipline, Kuo says, which could help girls better handle the （10 ） that come thei

27、r way as they grow up in the projects. The Illinois researchers also showed that areas of the public-housing project with trees and grass had lower levels of crime, （11 ） violence, noise, litter and graffiti (涂鸦). “When you put all these things together, its a picture of a healthier neighborhood,” K

28、uo say. Greener neighborhoods may even improve the （12 ） physical health of their residents. Dutch scientists cross checked the self-reported health of 10, 000 people with the greenness of their neighborhoods. After （13 ） for their income, age and other factors that affect health, they found that pe

29、ople in greener neighborhoods were healthier. In another study, elderly Tokyo residents were significantly more likely to survive （14 ） another five years if their neighborhood （15 ）walkable parks and tree-lined streets.问题1选项A.keenB.eagerC.zealousD.enthusiastic问题2选项A.livesB.aliveC.liveD.living问题3选项A

30、.blightB.bleakC.bleachD.blemished问题4选项A.forB.toC.fromD.at问题5选项A.directsB.improvesC.helpsD.satisfies问题6选项A.frustrationB.featuresC.emotionsD.symptoms问题7选项A.ComparingB.CompareC.ComparedD.To compare问题8选项A.inpulsivelyB.dispulsivelyC.impulsivelyD.unpulsively问题9选项A.amount up toB.adds up toC.is up toD.lives

31、 up to问题10选项A.challengesB.careerC.professionsD.task问题11选项A.domesticB.forensicC.explicitD.metropolitan问题12选项A.totallyB.partialC.overallD.whole问题13选项A.accountB.accountingC.accountedD.having accounting问题14选项A.fromB.inC.upD.for问题15选项A.retainedB.attainedC.detainedD.contained【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第

32、6题:D第7题:C第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:A第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:D【解析】（1）固定搭配。be enthusiastic about为固定搭配，表示“热衷于, 对.充满热情”。keen后面一般接on；eager一般与to搭配；zealous一般与for搭配。所以选项D正确。（2）名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指对他们的生活感到更满意。只有选项A表示生活；alive“活着的”；live“活的，直播的”；living表示“生计，生活方式，生存之道”。所以选项A正确。（3）形容词词义辨析。blight“枯萎，荒芜”；bleak“阴冷的, 荒凉的”；ble

33、ach“漂白”；blemished “有瑕疵的, 有污点的”。根据句意可知填空处应为形容词修饰花园。只有选项B符合原文。（4）固定搭配。Exposure通常与to搭配, 表示“暴露于”。原文指的是处于某种环境中，所以选项B正确。（5）动词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指管理实验室的心理学家，选项A符合原文语境。（6）名词词义辨析。根据句意：在树木繁茂的城市公园散步20分钟可以缓解儿童多动症的症状。选项D符合原文语境。（7）语法知识。考查comparing with和compared with的区别。当句子的主语是被比较的对象时, 用compared with；当句子的主语是比较动作的发出者时,

34、用comparing with。句中的主语为girls，为被比较的对象, 所以用compared。选项C正确。（8）形容词词义辨析。根据原文句意：看到树木的女孩们注意力更加集中, 行为不那么冲动。选项中只有impulsively表示 “易冲动的”。其他三个选项均拼写错误。所以选项C正确。（9）动词词组辨析。amount up to“至多”;add up to“总计达”;is up to“从事;忙于”;live up to“实现, 达到”。根据原文可知，本句是对上一句的递进说明，表示还会提高自律性。选项D正确。（10）名词词义辨析。根据句意：这可以帮助她们更好地处理成长过程中遇到的挑战。选项A符

35、合原文语境。（11）固定搭配。domestic violence 为固定搭配，表示“家庭暴力”。（12）形容词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指提高居民整体的健康状况。totally完全地；partial局部地；overall全部的，强调全面综合的；whole完整的，强调事物完好无缺。所以选项C更恰当。（13）语法知识。此处考查动词account的各种形式。空格前面是介词after，所以后面只能接名词，代词或动名词，所以空格处应该是用动名词形式。选项B正确。（14）介词搭配。survive与for搭配使用, 表示“存活”, 后一般跟时间。选项D正确。（15）语法理解题。retained保留，保存；

36、 attained获得，达到；detained扣留；contained包含。根据句意：”如果东京的老年居民所在的社区有可步行的公园和绿树成荫的街道.”可知，选项D更符合语境。12. 单选题An important property of scientific theory is its ability to （ ） further research and further thinking about a particular topic.问题1选项A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；ren

37、ovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate主张，拥护。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题She once （ ） with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.coincidedC.constitutedD.collaborated【答案】D【解析】动词搭配。merge“合并, 吞没”;coincide“一致, 符合, 同时发生”;constitute“组成, 构成”;collaborate“合作”。句意:她曾经与另一

38、位音乐家合作创作了一首流行乐曲。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the （ ） dog than to the wolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running【答案】A【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关系更为亲密。15. 单选题The building collapsed because its foundation was not stro

39、ng enough to （ ） the weight of the building.问题1选项A.idealizeB.subsideC.initiateD.sustain【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。idealize“理想化”;subside“平息, 减弱”;initiate“开始, 创始, 发起”;sustain“维持, 支撑, 承担”。句意:大楼倒塌了, 因为地基不够坚固, 承受不了大楼的重量。选项D符合句意。16. 单选题Complete silence is found only in laboratories called anechoic rooms. The walls a

40、nd ceilings, made of blocks of special sound-sucking materials, are more than three feet thick, while floor coverings are six-foot layers of feathers or cotton wool. Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din (continuous loud noise) of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off, yet scientists ge

41、t used to this and stay in these silent rooms for hours at a time, using microphones and electronic equipment to test the various materials being developed to make the world a less noisy place.Architects have used scientific discoveries to solve noise problem in a number of ways. Walls are hollowed

42、(having empty space inside) and then filled with sound-sucking materials similar to cotton wool. Extra-thick carpets cover the floors, and thick woolen curtains cover the windows. Air conditioning and heating channels are made less noisy by sound-sucking materialsUnfortunately, these techniques and

43、others often work too well in some buildings. Noise-proof rooms become almost anechoic and people living in them are disturbed by the lack of soundOne way of handling this problem is to use what they call “sound perfume” artificial (similarly produced, made by man) noise is piped to rooms through sm

44、all loudspeakers.1.Scientists use anechoic room for（ ） .2.The writer implies that （ ） .3.People suffer in anechoic rooms probably because （ ） .4.The article suggests that （ ） .问题1选项A.measuring noise levels of steelworksB.measuring blocks of feathersC.testing sound-absorbing materialsD.testing electr

45、onic equipment问题2选项A.untrained people can not stay long in anechoic roomsB.performing experiments in anechoic rooms can be a frightening experienceC.architects make practical use of the information gathered by scientistsD.scientists do not care for noise problem问题3选项A.they are allowed to move and sp

46、eakB.they are used lo hearing noise around themC.the greater air pressure hurts their earsD.all of the above问题4选项A.loudspeakers are as important as sound-proofing materialsB.anechoic rooms will be included in all new buildingsC.scientific devices are sometimes too successfulD.all of the above【答案】第1题

47、:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句“.scientists get used to . test the various materials being developed to make the world a less noisy place.”科学家习惯待在这些安静的房间里数小时，使用麦克风和电子设备来测试各种减少噪音的材料。选项C符合原文。2.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句“Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din (continuous loud noise) of a ste

48、elworks or a rocket blast-off.”这里的安静对于耳朵来说是痛苦的，就好像钢铁厂里或者火箭发射时所产生的连续不断的噪音。由此可推断，在这种环境下做实验是非常可怕的经历。所以选项B正确。3.细节推理题。根据最后一段第二一句“people living in them are disturbed by the lack of sound.”住在里面的人因为没有声音而感到不安。人们在消音室里觉得很痛苦是因为人们不习惯周围一点儿噪音都没有，所以选项B符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，住在完全消音的房间里，人们往往会因为没有声音而感到不安，这时候就可以使用人造噪

49、音通过小喇叭传到房间里。也就是说扬声器和隔音材料同样重要。选项A正确。选项C是事实，不是文章给出的建议，所以不选。17. 单选题I took someone elses book（ ）mistake.问题1选项A.inB.forC.withD.by【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。by mistake为固定短语, 意为“错误地, 由于差错”。句意:由于差错, 我拿了别人的书。所以选项D正确。18. 单选题When she entered the room, the smell of her perfume immediately （ ） the room.问题1选项A.distributedB.pe

50、netratedC.pervadedD.perished【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。distribute“分配, 散布”;penetrate“渗透, 穿透”;pervade“遍及, 弥漫”;perish“使麻木, 毁坏”。句意:当她走进房间, 她身上的香水味立刻弥漫了整个房间。选项C符合句意。19. 单选题The famous inventor was awarded an （ ） doctorate by the university.问题1选项A.honorableB.honoraryC.honoredD.honorific【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。honorable“可敬的,

51、 光荣的”;honorary“荣誉的, 名誉的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大学授予那位著名的发明者荣誉博士学位。选项B符合句意。20. 单选题I recently conducted a survey to see what people thought and knew about Martin Luther King, Jr. I did this by bringing up the subject of MLK Day in casual conversations with people and gauging their reaction

52、. (The sampling was 23 friends, colleagues, and strangers; 10 Black, 9 White, 3 Hispanic, 1 Asian; 4 were between the ages 42 -35 and 19 were 34 -20. ) All knew King as the famous black civil rights leader who was killed, but few knew much more. The majority of people under 30regardless of raceknew

53、little more, in fact.How is it that Jill (black, 27, college educated) did not know that MLK was a Nobel Peace Prize recipient? Or that Tim (white, 31, college educated) was clueless about Kings nonviolent approach to civil rights activism?Darlene (black, 23) thought she should have the day off to s

54、leep in. She had no idea the MLK day is really about doing something to inspire others.What is the point of having a day to mark the man if we do not understand the significance of his life? How is it that not only one of the greatest Americans, but one of the most influential humans in the history

55、of our planet is not better known in this country? Had King been a football player or a musician, he may have registered better with the present generation.Martin Luther King, Jr. was more than just an inspirational black leader. His desire and ability to rise above his own failings and those of fel

56、low humans uplifted us allboth those who were living at the time and those who have come after. Even if we do not know it, our world is a better place because of his light.Dr. Kings life was extinguished more than 30 years ago, but not his light. It is still here for each of us to carry, and to illu

57、minate even brighter with our own unique creativity and contributions.Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15,1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. After graduating from Morehouse College and becoming a minister, he made his way to Montgomery, Alabama in 1954. This was an important decision for it was in

58、 the same city that, on December 1 of the following year, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. King was elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and led a boycott of Montgomery buses throughout 1956, which brought him national recognition.Kings legacy of non-

59、violent activism was influenced by the teachings of Jesus and Gandhi. King reinforced and expanded his Biblical convictions during a visit to India in 1959, where he studied Gandhis methods of non-violent protests during the early 1960s.A gifted orator, King ignited the world and a generation in the

60、 cause for American civil rights with his “I Have a Dream” speech on Aug 28 1963 to a crowd of 250 000 in Washington, D. C.“We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protests to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again

61、we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force”.“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”.“When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we wil