2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考前模拟强化练习题17（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-国防科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题An electric are is a luminous current of electricity that leaps from one electrode to another.问题1选项A.ludicrousB.magneticC.flickeringD.glowing【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。Luminous“发光的；发亮的”。A项“不合理的；不能当真的”，B项“磁性的；富有吸引力的”，C项“闪烁的”，D项“热烈赞扬的；热情洋溢的”，因此选C。句意：电流是从一个电极跳到另一个电极的发光电流。2.

2、单选题The activists energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement in the late nineteenth century _ the assertion that the two movements were inimical.问题1选项A.diffusesB.underminesC.supportsD.underscores【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项diffuse“扩散，传播”，B项undermine“逐渐削弱（信心、权威等），渐渐破坏”，C项su

3、pport“支持，帮助，支撑”，D项underscore“强调，划线于下”。根据句子可知，句子缺少一个谓语动词，由The activists energetic work in the service of both woman suffrage and the temperance movement（积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作）和the assertion that the two movements were inimical（这两个运动是敌对的断言）可判断，这两者的关系是“削弱”，B项符合。句意：19世纪晚期，积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作削弱了这两个运动

4、是敌对的论断。因此，该题选择B项。3. 单选题As political fanatic, he has fought with revolutionaries all over the world.问题1选项A.incumbentB.candidateC.zealotD.jealousy【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A项incumbent“在职者，现任者”，B项candidate“候选人，候补者”，C项zealot“狂热者，犹太教狂热信徒”，D项jealousy“嫉妒，猜忌”。句意：作为一个政治狂热分子，他曾与世界各地的革命者斗争过。根据句意可知，fanatic在句中表示“狂热分子”。因此，

5、该题选择C项。4. 单选题The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States (31) significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had (32) immediately following the Civil War of

6、1861-1865 and turned (33) to realism. (34) to portray life as it was, with (35) to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the “true” relationships between people.

7、In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, (36) industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science.Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South, Hamlin Garland described l

8、ife on the Great Plains, and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame (37) stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps.Samuel Clemens, who (38) the pen name Mark Twain, became the countrys most outstanding reali

9、st author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and common speech instead of (39) language, touching (40) a major change in American prose style.Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pus

10、hing evolutionary theory to its limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment determined human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic hardship, studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of (41) and industrial life. Naturalists b

11、rought to their writing a passion for direct and honest experience.Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie, (42) portrayed a dark world in which human beings were (43) by forces (44) their understanding or control. Dreiser thought that writers should tell th

12、e truth about human affairs, not (45) romance, and Sister Carrie, he said, was “not intended as a piece of literary craftsmanship, but was a picture of conditions.”问题1选项A.dedicatedB.contributedC.fabricatedD.deliberated问题2选项A.debauchedB.weakenedC.enfeebledD.prevailed问题3选项A.againstB.insteadC.overD.for

13、ward问题4选项A.DeterminedB.DetermineC.DeterminingD.To determine问题5选项A.deceptionB.fantasyC.realizationD.fidelity问题6选项A.with regard toB.in terms ofC.such asD.regardless of问题7选项A.withB.onC.byD.about问题8选项A.createdB.innovatedC.adoptedD.renewed问题9选项A.literalB.literateC.literaryD.literature问题10选项A.aboutB.offC.

14、onD.with问题11选项A.suburbanB.urbanC.localD.modern问题12选项A.grimlyB.fervidlyC.frigidlyD.frenziedly问题13选项A.tossed aboutB.held downC.ended upD.built up问题14选项A.betweenB.withinC.beyondD.off问题15选项A.fabricateB.developC.convergeD.replenish【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:A第13题:A第

15、14题:B第15题:A【解析】31.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项dedicate“致力，献身”，dedicate to表示“献身，把（时间、精力等）用于”；B项contribute“贡献，出力”，contribute to表示“有助于，促成”；C项fabricate“制造，伪造”，D项deliberate“仔细考虑，商议”。根据句子可知，空格处填入的词和to搭配，C、D项可排除。由主语economic depression（经济萧条）和宾语growing movement（蓬勃发展的活动）可知，填入“促进”符合语境。句意：19世纪后期美国的经济萧条显著地促进了文学向现实主义和自

16、然主义发展的运动。因此，该题选择B项。32.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项debauch“使堕落，使颓废”，B项weaken“减少，使变弱”，C项enfeeble“使衰弱，使无力”，D项prevail“盛行，流行，战胜”。根据前半句句子意思“19世纪70年代以后，一些重要的作家开始拒绝浪漫主义”可知，四个选项中填入D项符合。因此，该题选择D项。33.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A项against“反对，违反”，B项instead“代替，反而”，C项over“倒下，翻转，关于”，D项forward“向前地，按顺序地”。前面提到“一些重要的作家开始拒绝1861-1865年

17、内战后盛行的浪漫主义”，所以后面的turned _ to realism应该是指“反而转向现实主义”。句意：19世纪70年代以后，一些重要的作家开始拒绝1861-1865年内战后盛行的浪漫主义，转而转向现实主义。因此，该题选择B项。34.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。从句子可知，句子不缺少谓语动词，所以空格处只能填入一个非谓语动词，B选项先排除；从句意可知，此处表示原因，D项不定式表目的也排除。这里是表示主语的一个状态，即“他们决定描绘真实的生活”，而determining强调的是动作，和主语谓语动词同时发生，所以determined更好。因此，该题选择A项。35.【试题答案】D【

18、试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项deception“欺骗，欺诈”，B项fantasy“幻想，白日梦”，C项realization“实现，领悟”，D项fidelity“忠诚，精确，尽责”。根据该部分的意思“真实的生活，准确的表现，而不是理想化”可知，空格处应该填入“忠于”，D项符合。句意：他们决心描绘真实的生活，忠实于现实生活，准确地表现，而不是理想化；他们研究当地方言，写故事，关注特定地区的生活，强调人与人之间的真实关系。因此，该题选择D项。36.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A项with regard to“关于，至于”，B项in terms of“依据，按照”，C项such as“比

19、如，诸如”，D项regardless of“不顾，不管”。根据句意“在这样做的过程中，他们反映了更广泛的社会趋势，工业化以及科学的影响”可知，四个选项中填入such as符合句意。句意：在这样做的过程中，他们反映了更广泛的社会趋势，如工业化、强调环境对人类影响的进化理论，以及科学的影响。因此，该题选择C项。37.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查介词辨析。A项with“具有，和，使用”，B项on“在上”，C项by“通过”，D项about“关于，目的是，针对”。根据句子可知，这里是指“另一位现实主义者通过故事成名”，所以B、D选项先排除。“by+某物”通常表示“某物”才是行为的主体，“with+某物

20、”通常表示“人”才是行为的主体，此处的行为主体是人，所以填入with正确。句意：另一位现实主义者布雷特哈特因描写加州采矿营地的当地生活而成名。因此，该题选择A项。38.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项create“创造，创作”，B项innovate“创新，改革”，C项adopt“采取，接受，收养”，D项renew“使更新，续借”。根据pen name（笔名）可知，adopt正确。句意：塞缪尔克莱门斯以马克吐温为笔名，成为美国最杰出的现实主义作家，用幽默和怀疑的眼光观察周围的生活。因此，该题选择C项。39.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A项literal“文字的，逐字的”，

21、B项literate“受过教育的，精通文学的”，C项literary“文学的，书面的”，D项literature“文学，文献”。根据句子可知，空格处要填入一个形容词修饰language，D项排除。前面提到dialect and common speech（方言和共同语），结合instead of（而不是）对比可知，空格部分表示“文学语言”符合。因此，该题选择C项。40.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查介词辨析。A项about“关于，目的是，针对”，B项off“不在，远离”，touch off表示“触发，勾划出，草草写”；C项on“在上”，touch on表示“提及，谈及”；D项with“具有，和

22、，使用”，touch with表示“用触摸，接触”。根据空格后的信息a major change in American prose style（美国散文风格的重大变化）可知，“引起、导致”符合语境，四个选项中只有B项符合。句意：马克吐温利用自己的经验，使用方言和普通语言，而不是文学语言，引发了美国散文风格的重大变化。因此，该题选择B项。41.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查形容词辨析和上下文理解。A项suburban“郊区的，城郊的”，B项urban“城市的，住在都市的”，C项local“当地的，地方性的”，D项modern“现代的，近代的”。这一段讲述的是对现实主义失去耐心的作家所描绘的世界

23、，所以和现实主义作家所描绘的世界是不同的，上文提到现实主义作家描绘的是“南方生活、大平原生活、乡村生活以及当地生活等”，所以A、C项在该段不太可能提及，先排除；而D项范围太大，所以只有B项符合。句意：这些作家被称为自然主义者，他们经常关注经济困难，研究在贫困中挣扎的人们，以及城市和工业生活的其他方面。因此，该题选择B项。42.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A项grimly“可怕地，冷酷地”，B项fervidly“激情地，热情地”，C项frigidly“冷淡地，呆板地”，D项frenziedly“极其激动地，狂乱地”。根据句意“最重要的自然主义作家西奥多德莱塞在嘉莉妹妹等小说中描绘了一

24、个黑暗的世界”可知，四个选项中，A选项比较符合语境。因此，该题选择A项。43.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A项toss about“翻来覆去，折腾”，B项hold down“抑制，压制”，C项end up“结束，死亡”，D项build up“增进，加强”。根据human beings were _ by forces（人类被力量）可知，四个选项中只有A项能符合。因此，该题选择A项。44.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查介词辨析。A项between“（空间、时间、数量等）在之间”，B项within“在之内”，C项beyond“在（或向）较远的一边，超过，越过”，D项off“远离”。由后

25、面的understanding or control可知，空格处填入beyond符合。句意：著名的自然主义作家西奥多德莱塞在嘉莉妹妹等小说中，冷酷地描绘了一个黑暗的世界，在这个世界里，人类被他们无法理解或控制的力量所摇动。因此，该题选择B项。45.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项fabricate“制造，伪造”，B项develop“开发，进步”，C项converge“使汇聚”，D项replenish“补充，再装满”。由前面的truth对比可知，空格处填入fabricate表示“编造”符合语境。句意：德莱塞认为，作家应该讲述人性的真实，而不是编造爱情故事；他说嘉莉妹妹不是一种文学技艺

26、，而是一幅现实状况的图画。因此，该题选择A项。5. 单选题No one thought the gigantic ship _ sink, for she had sixteen watertight compartments.问题1选项A.would be possible toB.would be able toC.could possiblyD.should【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。could可以表示惊异、不相信等语气，would表示过去经常性的行为或者动作，should表假设、责任和义务；前面这个句子表达的意思是“没人能想到这艘巨轮会沉没”，这里是一个惊异的语气，所以用情态动词c

27、ould最符合语境。句意：谁也没有想到这艘巨轮会沉没，因为它有16个密封舱。因此，该题选择C项正确。6. 单选题The FBI kept the house under constant _ in the hope of capturing all the criminals at one time.问题1选项A.cessationB.surveillanceC.guidanceD.supervision【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项cessation表示“停止，中止”，B项surveillance表示“监督，（对犯罪嫌疑人或可能发生犯罪的地方的）监视”，C项guidance表示“指导，

28、引导”，D项supervision表示“监督，管理”，指活动或行动过程中的监督，尤指批判性地指导。根据关键词FBI（联邦调查局）和criminals（罪犯）可知，“监视”符合语境。句意：联邦调查局不断监视这所房子，希望能一次性抓获所有罪犯。因此，该题选择B项正确。7. 单选题Most economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the req

29、uirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious. Accordingly, it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing (the determination of prices by the seller) as both “normal”

30、 and having a valuable economic function. In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires. Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size.

31、 Hence, a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers. That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free- market econom

32、ic theories. But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needs that it has in common with the other large firms competing for the same customers. Each large firm will thus avoid significant price cutting, because price cutting would be prejudicial to common interest in a stable

33、demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not.Moreover those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficie

34、nt method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist-countries other than the United States. These economies employ intentional price fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements covering the members of an i

35、ndustry are commonplace. Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market and inefficient about price-fixing, the countries that have avoided the first and used the second would have suffered drastically in their economic development. There is no indication that they have.Socialist in

36、dustry also works within a framework of controlled prices. In the early 1970s the Soviet Union began to give firms and industries some of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informal evolution has accorded the capitalist system. Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a

37、 return to the free market. But Soviet firms are no more subject to prices established by a free market over which they exercise little influence than are capitalist firms; rather, Soviet firms have been given the power to fix prices.50. The authors attitude toward “Most economists” in the United St

38、ates (para 1) can best be described as _.51. It can be inferred from the authors argument that a price fixed by the seller “seems pernicious” (para 1) because _.52. The suggestion in the text that price fixing in industrialized societies is normal arises from the authors statement that price-fixing

39、is _.53. According to the author, price fixing in non-socialist countries is often _.问题1选项A.spiteful and enviousB.scornful and denunciatoryC.critical and condescendingD.ambivalent but deferential问题2选项A.people do not have confidence in large firmsB.people do not expect the government to regulate pric

40、esC.most economists believe that consumers as a group should determine pricesD.most economists associate fixed prices with communist and socialist economies问题3选项A.a profitable result of economic developmentB.an inevitable result of the industrial systemC.the result of a number of carefully organized

41、 decisionsD.a phenomenon common to industrialized and non-industrialized societies问题4选项A.accidental but productiveB.illegal but usefulC.legal and innovativeD.intentional and widespread【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】50. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。定位到文章第一段最后一句Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occur

42、s because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms; it is not（大多数经济学家并不知道价格操纵会在何时发生，因为他们期望价格操纵由大公司之间的一系列明确协议带来；事实并非如此）和第二段第一句Moreover those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method o

43、f establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist- countries other than the United States（此外，那些认为允许自由市场不受干扰地运行是建立价格的最有效方法的经济学家没有考虑美国以外的非社会主义国家的经济），可以看出作者对大部分经济学家的态度是批判的，所以C项“批判”符合。A项“怨恨和嫉妒”，B项“蔑视和谴责”和 D项“矛盾但恭敬”，均未在文中体现。51. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干：从作者的论点可以推断，卖方定价“似乎有害”，因为 。定位到文章第

44、一段第二句A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter, established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious（就此而言，由卖方决定的价格，或由消费者群体以外的任何人确定的价格，似乎是有害的），所以C项“大多数经济学家认为，消费者作为一个群体应该决定价格”符合这句话所表达的意思。而A项“人们对大公司没有信心”，B项“人们不指望政府调控物价”，D项“大多数经济学家把固定价格与共产主义和社会主义经济联系起来”均属于无中生有。

45、52. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干：本文认为，工业社会的价格管制是正常的，这是因为作者认为价格管制是？定位到文章第一段第四句In fact, price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides, as an effortless consequence of its own development, the price-fixing that it requires.（事实上，在所有工业化社会中，定价都是正常的，因为工业体系本身提

46、供了它所需要的定价，这是它自身发展的一个不费吹灰之力的结果），可知B项“工业系统的必然结果”符合文意，当选。A项“经济发展的有益结果”，C项“一系列精心组织的决定的结果”，D项“工业化和非工业化社会的共同现象”，均在文中未提及。53. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。从第二段第二句和第三句These economies employ intentional price fixing, usually in an overt fashion. Formal price-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements cove

47、ring the members of an industry are commonplace（这些经济体通常以公开的方式有意操纵价格。卡特尔的正式定价和涵盖行业成员的协议的非正式定价是司空见惯的），特别是里面的关键词intentional和commonplace，可知D项“有意和普遍的”符合题意。A项“偶然但富有成效”，B项“非法但有用”，C项“合法且创新”，都不符合文意，排除。8. 单选题Owing to an acute lack of lower-income housing, the municipal government is embarrassed by the impress

48、ing housing issue.问题1选项A.urgentB.graveC.stressfulD.increasing【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项urgent“紧急的，急迫的”，B项grave“重大的，严肃的”，C项stressful“紧张的，有压力的”，D项increasing“越来越多的，渐增的”。句意：由于低收入者住房的严重匮乏，市政府对于严重的住房问题感到为难。acute在句中表示“严重的”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此，该题选择B项。9. 单选题Most people would be (31) by the high quality of medicine (

49、32) to most Americans. There is a lot of specialization, a great deal of (33) to the individual, a (34) amount of advanced technical equipment, and (35) effort not to make mistakes because of the financial risk which doctors and hospitals must (36) in the courts if they handle things badly.But the A

50、mericans are in a mess. The problem is the way in (37) health care is organized and financed. (38) to public belief it is not just a free competition system. To the private system has been joined a large public system, because private care was simply not (39) the less fortunate and the elderly.But e

51、ven with this huge public part of the system, which this year will eat up 84.5 billion dollarsmore than 10 percent of the U. S. Budgetlarge number of Americans are left (40). These include about half the 11 million unemployed and those who fail to meet the strict limits on income fixed by a governme

52、nt trying to make savings where it can.The basic problem, however, is that there is no central control (41) the health system. There is no limit to what doctors and hospitals charge for their services, other than what the public is able to pay. The number of doctors has shot up and prices have climb

53、ed. When faced with toothache, a sick child, or a heart attack, all the unfortunate person concerned can do is (42) up.Two-thirds of the population (43) covered by medical insurance. Doctors charge as much as they want (44) that the insurance company will pay the bill.The rising cost of medicine in

54、the U. S. A. is among the most worrying problems facing the country. In 1981 the countrys health bill climbed 15. 9 percentabout twice as fast as prices (45) general.问题1选项A.compressedB.impressedC.obsessedD.repressed问题2选项A.availableB.attainableC.achievableD.amenable问题3选项A.extensionB.retentionC.attent

55、ionD.exertion问题4选项A.countlessB.titanicC.broadD.vast问题5选项A.intensiveB.absorbedC.intenseD.concentrated问题6选项A.run intoB.encounterC.faceD.defy问题7选项A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when问题8选项A.ContraryB.Opposed toC.AverseD.Objected问题9选项A.looking forB.looking intoC.looking afterD.looking over问题10选项A.behindB.outC.offD.

56、away问题11选项A.overB.onC.underD.beyond问题12选项A.to payingB.payingC.payD.to have paid问题13选项A.is beingB.areC.have beenD.is问题14选项A.knowingB.to knowC.they knowD.know问题15选项A.inB.withC.onD.for【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:C第7题:A第8题:A第9题:C第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:A【解析】31.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项compr

57、ess“压缩，压紧”，指把某物挤在一起或挤进一个更小的空间；B项impress“给留下深刻印象，使意识到”，be impressed by表示“被所感动；被给予深刻印象”；C项obsess“使痴迷，使迷恋”，be obsessed by表示“使烦扰，被（恐惧等）缠住”；D项repress“抑制，镇压（叛乱等）”。根据空格后的the high quality of medicine（高质量的药品），结合主语为most people（大多数人）可知，A、D项可排除；结合常识，大多数人不可能是被高质量药品所烦扰，所以C项排除，只有B项符合。因此，该题选择B项。32.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查形容

58、词辨析。A项available“可获得的，可购得的，可找到的”，B项attainable“可达到的”，C项achievable“可完成的，可有成就的”，D项amenable“有责任的，顺从的，服从的”。根据空格后面的to可知，空格处需要填入一个和to搭配的词语，B、C项不能和to搭配，因此排除；D项amendable to表示“听从”，而“药物不可能是听从大多数美国人”，所以D项排除；只有A项符合，available to表示“可用的，可获得的”。句意：众所周知，美国大多数民众都服用的高品质的医药。因此，该题选择A项。33.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项extension“拓展，

59、延伸”，B项retention“保留，扣留，滞留”，C项attention“注意力，关心”，D项exertion“发挥，运用，努力”。根据空格后面的the individual（个人），结合选项的内容可知，填入attention符合，attention to表示“对的注意”。因此，该题选择C项。34.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项countless“无数的，数不尽的”，B项titanic“巨大的，极重要的”，C项broad“宽的，辽阔的”一般用于表示距离的量度或者表示涉及各种各样的人（或事物）；D项vast“广阔的，巨大的，大量的”，指面积、大小、数量等都非常大。根据后面的am

60、ount of可知，该处表示“大量的”，而能与表述数量的amount搭配的只有D项，a vast amount of表示“大量的”。因此，该题选择D项。35.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项intensive“加强的，集中的”，B项absorbed“被吸收的，一心一意的”，C项intense“很大的，十分强烈的”，D项concentrated“集中的，浓缩的”。根据所修饰的名词effort（努力），结合选项内容可知，只有C项符合，表示“很大的努力”。因此，该题选择C项。36.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A项run into“偶然遇见，陷入，撞上”，B项encounte

61、r“遭遇（尤指令人不快或困难的事），邂逅，偶然碰到”，C项face“面对，面向”，D项defy“藐视，公然反抗，挑衅”。根据空格后面的in the courts（在法院）可知，A、B项可排除；而D项代入进去不符合语境，只有C项正确。句意：有很多的专业化，对个人大量的关注，大量的先进技术设备和很大的努力去不犯错误，即由于财务风险的事情处理不好，医生和医院必须对峙法庭的错误。因此，该题选择C项。37.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个关系代词引导定语从句。先行词是the way，因此关系代词可以用that或者in which，C、D项排除；而空格前面有介词in，所以只用能which。句意：问题在于卫生保健的组织和筹资方式。因此，该题选择A项。38.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A项contrary“相反的，对立的”，contrary to表示“与相反”；B项opposed to“反对”；C项averse“反对的，不愿意的”，averse to表示“反对，不乐意”；D项objected“反对，拒绝”。根据后面的to可知，空格处需要填入一个和to搭配的词语，B选项已经有to可排除，C、D选项都不可用于句首，故排除。只有A项符合。句意：与公众的看法相反，它不仅仅是一个自由竞争的体系。因此，该题选择A项。