2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考试名师点拨押题密卷36（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Frostbitten fingers and toes should be treated with lukewarm water.问题1选项A.frigidB.tepidC.boilingD.steamy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。lukewarm意为“微温的，温和的，不热情的” ；frigid意为“寒冷的，严寒的”；tepid意为“不冷不热的，微温的，不热情的”；boiling意为“炽热的，沸腾的，激昂的”；steamy意为“蒸汽的，充满水汽的”。句意：冻伤的手指和脚趾应该用温水处理。2. 单选题Winsto

2、n became quite avaricious in his late life.问题1选项A.feebleB.greedyC.blatantD.forgetful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。avaricious意为“贪财的，贪婪的”；feeble意为“虚弱的，衰弱的”；greedy意为“贪婪的，贪心的”；blatant意为“明目张胆的，公然的”；forgetful意为“健忘的，好忘事的，疏忽的”。句意：温斯顿晚年变得相当贪婪。3. 单选题Those who are _ of all common sense would be easily taken in by tricks th

3、at are frequently exposed by the wise.问题1选项A.deprivedB.devoidC.strippedD.snatched【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项deprived“贫困的，穷苦的，严重匮乏的；（人）丧失的，被剥夺的”；B选项devoid“缺乏的；全无的”；C选项stripped“剥去的”；D选项snatched“一把抓起；夺去；抓紧时间做；反败为胜”。根据固定搭配be devoid of“缺乏；没有的；毫无的；没有”可知句意为：那些缺乏常识的人很容易上当，而这些花招往往是由智者揭露的。所以B选项正确。4. 单选题One of his ecc

4、entricities is sleeping under the bed instead of in the bed.问题1选项A.pedestriansB.peculiaritiesC.pedagoguesD.punctures【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。eccentricity意为“古怪行为，怪癖”；pedestrian意为“行人，步行者”；peculiarity意为“怪异的性质(或习惯)，怪癖”；pedagogue意为“教师，好为人师的人”；puncture意为“小孔，扎孔”。句意：他的怪癖之一是睡在床下而不是床上。5. 单选题President Coolidges stateme

5、nt, The business of America is business, still points to an important truth todaythat business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view

6、 business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is also the mea

7、ns by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all powerful government, many businesses compete against eac

8、h other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast

9、 is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even thought government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Amer

10、ican believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, than democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regar

11、dless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1.The

12、 statement The business of America is business probably means（ ）.2.Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only（ ）.3.Who can benefit from business competition?4.Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by（ ）.5.It can be infer

13、red from the passage that the author believer（ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce.B.Business problems are of great importance to the American government.C.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given e

14、quality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition问题3选项A.Honest businessmen.B.Both businessmen and their customers.C.People with ideals of equality.D.Business institutions and government.问题4选项A.its absolute control of powerB.its function pre

15、serving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leader问题5选项A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.In many countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than these in othe

16、r countriesD.Businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government（在美国社会中，商业机构比任何其他类型的组织都有更高的声誉，包括政府）可知C选

17、项“商业是美国人最关心的问题”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Competition is not only good in itself, it is also the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.（竞争本身不仅是好的，它也是美国其他基本价值观如个人自由、机会平等和努力工作的保护手段）可知D选项“通过竞争”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Theoretic

18、ally, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.（理论上，如果一个企业试图利用其客户的不公平优势，它将输给对其客户更公平的竞争性

19、企业。当许多企业为了顾客的钱而竞争时，他们不能像对待下级或奴隶那样对待他们）可知是从从企业与客户两个角度说明商业竞争的，因此选B。4.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly.（人们常常将商业和政府进行对比，一个具有竞争性，另一个具有垄断性）可知A选项“其对权力的绝对控制”符合题意。5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Competitive success is commonly seen as the A

20、merican alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.（竞争成功通常被视为是美国人对基于家庭背景的社会等级的替代方式。因此，商业被视为是机会平等观念的一种表达，而不是继承特权的贵族观念）可知B选项“在许多国家，成功往往取决于一个人的社会地位”符

21、合题意。6. 单选题The guests were in a jubilant mood as the wedding began.问题1选项A.exultantB.conciliatoryC.reverentD.receptive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。a jubilant意为“喜庆洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的”；exultant意为“狂喜的；兴高采烈的”；conciliatory意为“调解的，安抚的”；reverent意为“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意为“乐于接受的”。句意：婚礼开始时，客人们都喜气洋洋。7. 单选题Successful politicians are good

22、at giving _ answers to questions on difficult issues.问题1选项A.definitiveB.ubiquitousC.ambiguousD.ineffable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项definitive“最后的；最佳的；最权威的”；B选项ubiquitous“普遍存在的；无所不在的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；D选项ineffable“不可言喻的；不应说出的；难以形容的”。句意：成功的政治家善于对棘手问题给出_答案。政治家的重要职能便是处理争端和分配利益，所以他们的回答不

23、能太过绝对化，此处填“模棱两可的”更符合句意，所以C选项正确。8. 翻译题5. A fascinating city between sea and sky, like Venus rising from the waves, Venice welcomes tourists from the five continents drawn to her by the charm of her water and pellucid light, free from all dust and cooled by the sea breeze. She also offers the intellec

24、tual pleasures to be derived from her masterpieces which mark the meeting of East and West.【答案】【参考译文】5.威尼斯水城海天相连，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌现的维纳斯，吸引着五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎，波光粼粼，清风拂面而来，扫去你心中的不快与烦恼。而城市中那些集东西方艺术之大成的杰作，更给人以精神上的享受。9. 单选题The cats happy expression bore testimony that it had eaten the cream.问题1选项A.doubtB.proofC.expe

25、rienceD.revelation【答案】B【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项doubt“怀疑，质疑”；B选项proof“证明，验证”；C选项experience“经验，经历，体验”；D选项revelation“启示，揭示”。句意：那只猫快乐的表情证明它吃了奶油。Testimony“证据，证词”，由此可知B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。10. 翻译题Once the first laughter had been laughed by primitive man, with such apparently pleasurable effects all around, laughter

26、 began to take on an intrinsic value within the society of man. The person possessing the ability to communicate pleasure in a loud laugh began to enjoy social advantages over his more serious colleagues, he became a “good mixer” socially selected and liked by society. Thus the process of natural se

27、lection (the survival of the fittest) would tend to operate in favor of those able to express their pleasurable states in laugher, as compared with those not so able. Throughout the course of evolution, laughter would become established throughout the human species as a function of sociological and

28、psychological value.Thus laughter gradually became established as a capacity among virtually all human beings. In addition, laughters infections quality helped distribute it as a characteristic common to all mankind. Laughter was advantageous; therefore it survived.【答案】【参考译文】原始人一旦第一次开口大笑了，笑声就因其对周围所产

29、生的那些明显的愉快的效果，开始具有了人类社会所特有的价值。具有用爽朗的笑声来传播愉快能力的人，开始比他的较为严肃的同事更能享受到社会的优势。他成了个“善于交际的人”，在社交方面成了大家所推举的人，受到社会的喜爱。因此，自然选择（适者生存）的过程往往有利于那些能够在笑中表达快乐状态的人，而不是那些不这么做的人。在整个进化的过程中，根据其具有的社会学和心理学价值，笑声一直保持下来。这样，笑就逐渐成为全人类的一种能力。此外，笑的感染力有助于将其作为全人类共有的一种特性进行传播。笑是有益的，所以笑就流传了下来。11. 单选题He was asked to be the（ ）of the badmint

30、on game because he was an impartial person.问题1选项A.judgeB.umpireC.fanD.controller【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。judge意为“法官，审判员”，泛指各种场合中的评判人员；umpire意为“裁判员”多用于仲裁者本身不需随比赛移动位置，如羽毛球、游泳、板球、棒球等；fan意为“迷，狂热爱好者，风扇”；controller意为“(尤指大型机构或部门的)管理者，控制者”。由the badminton game（羽毛球比赛）可知选B。句意：他被要求担任羽毛球比赛的裁判，因为他是一个公正的人。12. 翻译题3.正是因为不停地追

31、求进取，我们才感到生活幸福。一件事完成后，另一件随之而来，如此连绵不绝，永无止境。对于往前看的人来说，眼前总有一番新天地。虽然我们蜗居于这颗小行星上，整日忙于琐事且生命短暂，但我们生来就有不尽的希望。只要生命犹在，希望便会不止。【答案】【参考译文】3.We live in an ascending scale when we live happily, one thing leading to another in an endless series. There is always a new horizon for onward-looking men, and although we d

32、well on a small planet, immersed in petty business and not enduring beyond a brief period of years, we are so constituted that our hopes are inaccessible, like stars, and the term of hoping is prolonged until the term of life.13. 单选题In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defin

33、ed, as legislation has not yet been created to cope with this advance in surgery. The existing framework relating to physical assault and care of the dead has no provision for organ transplantation. It is customary to ask the permission of the relatives, but because organ removal must take place imm

34、ediately after death, it may be impossible to reach the relatives in time. It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation. An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unl

35、ess removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. Such laws have been passed in Denmark, France, Sweden, Italy, and Israel. Compulsory postmortem examination, a far more extensive procedure than organ removal for grafting, is required in most countries after unexpected death, and thi

36、s compulsion is not a matter of public concern and debate.There would seem to be no reason why organ removal for transplantation purposes should not also be acceptable to public opinion, provided there is a mechanism by which individuals in their lifetime can refuse this permission. This, of course,

37、 requires an efficient register of those who indicate their refusal; the register would be consulted before any organs would be removed. It is important that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not impair normal resuscitative efforts of the potential donor.Transpl

38、antation has obviously raised important ethical considerations concerning the diagnosis of death, and particularly, how far resuscitation should be continued. Every effort must be made to restore the heartbeat to someone who has had a sudden cardiac arrest or breathing to someone who cannot breathe.

39、 Artificial respiration and massage of the heart, the standard methods of resuscitation, are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond this point efforts at resuscitation are useless.1.According to the author, which of the following is NOT true?2.Which

40、of the following is NOT a suggestion made in the passage?3.The word “impair” at the end of Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（ ）.4.It is believed that efforts at resuscitation are useless when（ ）.5.Which of the following sentences can best sum up the passage?问题1选项A.Most countries do not have an eff

41、ective law on organ transplantationB.The traditional ways of asking for permission of relatives for organ removal dos not proved to be always feasibleC.It is hard to understand why people should remain silent on compulsory postmortem exam after unexpected death.D.In some countries these are laws pro

42、viding that the permission of organ removal is taken for granted unless it has been refused by the person in his lifetime.问题2选项A.People should be encouraged to donate their organs after deathB.Organ removal should be permitted in the course of compulsory postmortem exam.C.Organ removal for transplan

43、tation should be advocated because it benefits the human societyD.Organ removal for transplantation could be considered legal unless the dead person stated otherwise in his life time.问题3选项A.neglectB.weakenC.come together withD.be superior to问题4选项A.artificial respiration and massage of the heart have

44、 yielded no obvious resultB.a persons heartbeat and breath has totally stoppedC.standard methods of resuscitation have failedD.the brain is certainly dead问题5选项A.Legal and ethical problems of organ transplantationB.Some underlying principles on organ transplantationC.The diagnosis of death before org

45、an transplantationD.The difference between compulsory postmortem exam and organ transplantation【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段首句In most countries, the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined, as legislation has not yet been created to cope with this advance in surgery.（在大多数国家，

46、器官移植的法律定义很不明确，因为尚未制定出针对外科手术进步的立法）可知A选项“大多数国家没有关于器官移植的有效法律”正确；由第一段中的It is customary to ask the permission of the relatives, but because organ removal must take place immediately after death, it may be impossible to reach the relatives in time.（习惯上要征得亲属的允许，但由于器官的摘除必须在死亡后立即进行，可能无法及时联系到亲属）可知B选项“传统的器官摘除请

47、求亲属许可的方法并不总是可行的”正确；由第一段中的An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. Such laws have been passed in Denmark, France, Sweden, Italy, and Israel.（另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可。丹麦、法国、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通过了这样的法律）可知D选项“在一

48、些国家，这些法律规定，除非个人在一生中拒绝摘除，否则摘除器官的许可是理所当然的”正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation.（有人建议，应开展广泛的宣传，鼓励人们在其遗嘱中规定将其器官用于移植）可知A选项“应该鼓励人们在死后捐献器官”和C选项“器官移植应

49、该提倡，因为它有利于人类社会”正确；由第一段中的An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime. （另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可）可知D选项“移植器官的摘除可被视为合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有说明”符合题意。通过排除法排除A、C、D，因此选B。3.词义题。neglect意为“忽视，疏忽”；weaken意为“减弱，削弱”；come togeth

50、er with意为“和一起”；be superior to意为“优越于，不受诱惑”。“impair”出现文章第二段“It is important that there be public reassurance that consideration of transplantation would not impair normal resuscitative efforts of the potential donor.（重要的是，政府要保证，考虑移植不会潜在供者的正常复苏努力）”中，由此可知B选项最符合逻辑关系。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Artificial respiratio

51、n and massage of the heart, the standard methods of resuscitation, are continued until it is clear that the brain is dead. Most physicians consider that beyond this point efforts at resuscitation are useless.（人工呼吸和心脏按摩以及复苏的标准方法一直持续到脑死亡。大多数医生认为除此之外，努力复苏是无用的）可知选D。5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了器官移植法律和伦理方面的问题，因此选A。14.

52、 翻译题For many Chinese people, the beginning of 2011 holds the promise of a fresh round of education reforms, which are expected to boost the countrys education quality through increasing government investment, narrowing gaps between urban and rural schools, achieving internationally acknowledged high

53、er education and reducing academic corruption and bureaucracy.According to the landmark reform plan, government investment will increase steadily to support the education sector, with education expenditure amounting to 4% of GDP by 2012.China first pledged to increase its education spending to 4 per

54、cent of the GDP in 1993, but has, so far, failed to achieve the target. The plan, which took one year and nine months to draw up and invited public submission on two separate occasions, was seen as setting the tone for the development of education sector, which has long suffered from funding shortag

55、e and unbalanced development between rural and urban areas.The development of education, ranging from preschool education to vocational education in rural areas, will be a priority of the countrys overall development programs.The 22-chapter plan says preschool education should basically be universal

56、 by 2020, and nine-year compulsory education policy should be consolidated. The enrolment rate for senior middle school should be 90 percent of school age children, while the enrolment rate for higher education should be 40 percent of high school graduates.The key for China to build world-level univ

57、ersities lies in authorizing the educators, students and society to assess the quality of education, allowing professors to conduct academic research with full freedom and empowering students to participate in university administration.【答案】【参考译文】对许多中国人而言，2011年初有望进行新一轮教育改革，通过增加政府投资、缩小城乡差距、取得国际承认的高等教育

58、、减少学术腐败和官僚主义，来实现中国的教育质量的提高。根据这个具有里程碑意义的改革计划，政府支持教育部门的投资将会稳步增加，到2012年，教育经费将总计达到国内生产总值的百分之四。中国在1993年首次承诺将教育经费增加至国内成产总值的百分之四，但到目前为止还没有达到该目标。这个耗费了一年又九个月时间来起草并在两个单独场合邀请公众提供意见的计划，被视为为长期遭受资金短缺的城乡发展不平衡的教育部门的发展奠定了基础。农村地区从学前教育到职业教育的教育发展将是我国整体发展规划中的一个重点。这个有二十二个章节的计划称，学前教育到2020年时应该基本普及且九年义务教育政策应该被巩固。高中的升学率应该是儿童

59、的90%，而高等教育的升学率应该是高中毕业生的40%。中国建设世界级大学的关键在于授权教育工作者、学生和社会去评估教学质量，允许教授自由进行学术研究，允许学生参加大学的管理。15. 翻译题当今世界正处在大发展大变革大调整时期。世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展，国际金融危机影响继续显现，气候变化、能源资源、公共卫生安全等全球性问题突出，国际和地区热点问题此起彼伏。继续推进人类和平与发展的崇高事业，需要世界各国人民加强合作、同舟共济。中国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的显著成就，人民生活继续改善，社会保持和谐稳定。中国积极参加应对国际金融危机、气候变化等问题的国际合作，扩大同世界各国交流合作，为

60、世界和平与发展做出了新的贡献。【答案】【参考译文】Todays world is undergoing a period of big developments, great changes and extensive adjustments. The world multi-polarization and economic globalization is developing further and the influences produced by international financial crisis are continuing to appear. Global issu

61、es such as climate change, energy, resources and public sanitary security are prominent; and international and regional hot spots are popping up. People all over the world are required to strengthen cooperation and help each other for the sake of continuing to advance the lofty cause of human peace

62、and development.Chinas reform and opening up and socialist modern construction have achieved new remarkable achievements. Peoples standard of living continues to improve and our society remains harmonious and stable. Through taking an active part in international cooperation for tackling issues such

63、 as the international financial crisis, climate change, etc. and expanding exchanges and cooperation with all other countries around the world, China has made new contributions to world peace and development.16. 单选题The local government leaders are making every effort to（ ）the problem of poverty.问题1选项A.abolishB.tackleC.removeD.encounter【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。abolish意“废除，废止(法律、制度、习俗等)”；tackle意为“处理，解决(难题或局面)”；remove意为“移开，拿走”；encounter意为“遭遇，偶遇”。“领导人努力解决