2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题46（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to（ ）him in his work.问题1选项A.hamperB.supportC.assistD.encourage【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hamper“妨碍；束缚；使困累”；B选项support“支持；扶持，帮助；供养”；C选项assist“帮助；促进”；D选项encourage“鼓励；支持”。句意：他们俩人都看不起他，且都试图在他的工作上妨碍他。根据句中“Neither of

2、 them thought highly of him他们俩人都看不起他”可知“妨碍”符合语境，因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Probability is the mathematical study of the（ ）of an events occurrence.问题1选项A.desireB.likelihoodC.resultD.effect【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项desire“欲望；要求，心愿”；B选项likelihood“可能性，可能”；C选项result“结果；成绩”；D选项effect“影响；效率；作用”。句意：几率是对一件事发生的可能性所进行的数学研究。根据句中“p

3、robability几率”可知“可能性”符合语境，因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.问题1选项A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。delicate“精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；A选项soft“柔软的；温柔的；软弱的”；B选项sheer“绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项r

4、efined“精炼的；精确的；微妙的；有教养的”。句意：丝绸虽然被认为是一种易碎的织物，但事实上它非常结实，但它受到阳光的不利影响。根据句中although“尽管”和“is in fact very strong实际上是非常结实的”可知delicate在这里的意思为“易碎的”，因此C选项正确。4. 不定项选择题How is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known convention, or at least on the beginnings

5、 of these. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing their precise meaning. In literature, in music,

6、in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful

7、 than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be r

8、eceived.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is not society o

9、n the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the ac

10、tual communication system: the language itself, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institutions through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him

11、; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, and present their arguments. If

12、 one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influentia

13、l men feel isolated and even rejected. The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.1. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by （ ）.2. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that （ ）.3. A common characteristic of artists

14、and scientists involved in creative work is that （ ）.4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?5. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individuals feel isolated because they （ ）.问题1选项A.depending on shared conventionsB.fashioning their own con

15、ventionsC.adjusting their personal feelingsD.elaborating a common language问题2选项A.philosophical thinking contributes to the formulation of conventionsB.human creativity is sometimes underestimatedC.development in literature follows similar ways to that of sciencesD.the role of conventions in communic

16、ation is not well recognized问题3选项A.they care about the possible reaction to their workB.public response is one of the primary conceitsC.they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD.they are indifferent toward response to their work问题4选项A.Individual contributions combined possess great sig

17、nificance to the public.B.Good contributors dont neglect the use of internal communication system.C.Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of society.D.Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.问题5选项A.fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communi

18、cationB.actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC.have little in common with the society of the timeD.refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the society【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the pro

19、blem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing their precise meaning. 但通常，特别是对原创艺术家和思想家来说，问题在某种程度上是创造一种语言，或创造一种惯例，或至少是发展语言和惯例，使它们能够承载它们的精确意义。”可知B项“形成他们自己的习俗”与原文相符。A项“根据共享的

20、约定”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“调整他们的个人情感”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“阐述共同的语言”，原文并没有相关表达。因此B选项正确。第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第六句“But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. 但是我们永远不要认为它是不可能的；创造力比我们有时想象的要强大得多。”可知B项“人类的创造力有时被低估了”与原文相符。A项“哲学思维有助于惯例的形成”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“文学的发展遵

21、循与科学的发展相似的方式”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“习俗在沟通中的作用没有得到很好的认可”，原文并没有相关表达。因此B选项正确。第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段最后一句“Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. 许多艺术家和科学家都有这种根本的不关心他们的作品会以何种方式被接受的想法。”可知D项“他们对别人对他们工作的反应漠不关心”与原文相符。A项“他们关心对他们工作的可能反应”，原文并没有相关表达

22、；B项“公众的反应是主要的自负之一”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“他们强烈地意识到公众对他们工作的兴趣”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。第4题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第五句“In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. 在日常生活中，在他

23、的工作中，捐助者参与了他的社会生活。社会生活常常以微小的方式影响着他，有时影响是如此深远，以至他自己都没有意识到。”可知C项“除有独创性的人之外，所有人都受社会的影响”与原文相符。A项“结合在一起的个人贡献对公众有重要意义”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“好的贡献者不会忽视内部沟通系统的使用”，原文并没有相关表达；D选项“知道如何沟通是人类的共性”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize the

24、m, difficult to be sure. 社会和交流是存在的，但很难识别它们，很难确定。”与第一段中“Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. 许多艺术家和科学家都有这种根本的不关心他们的作品会以何种方式被接受的想法。”可知A项“未能承认和使用一种可接受的交流方式”与原文相符。B项“实际上不同于同一时期的其他个体”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“与当时的社会几乎没有共同点”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“拒绝承

25、认自己与社会的相似之处”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Compared to the angry, blaming American stance, the Chinese were paragons of compromise, finding fault on both sides and looking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle.问题1选项A.facilitatorsB.inheritorsC.predecessorsD.models【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词paragons意为“

26、模范；完美之物”；A选项“facilitators”意为“服务商；促进者”；B选项“inheritors”意为“继承人；后继者”；C选项“predecessors”意为“前任，前辈”；D选项“models”意为“模型；典型；模范；样式”。句意：与美国人愤怒、指责的立场相比，中国人是和解的典范，他们会发现双方的问题，寻找能让双方走到中间的方案。由题干可知，looking for solutions that moved both sides to the middle（寻找能让双方和解的方案）说明中国一贯的做法都是妥协，寻找让双方和解的方法。可推测出中国是和解的典范。由此可知，paragons在

27、此处最可能是“模范”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。6. 单选题Providing first-class service is one of the tactics the airline adopts to attract passengers.问题1选项A.methodsB.attitudesC.thoughtsD.solutions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。tactic“策略，手段”；A选项method“方法；手段”；B选项attitude“态度；意见”；C选项thought“思想；想法；关心”；D选项solution“解决方案；溶液；溶解”。句意：提供一流的服务是航空公司吸引乘客的

28、策略之一。根据句中“to attract passengers为吸引乘客”可知tactic在这里的意思为“手段”，因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top-flight staff travel and television commercials.问题1选项A.dubiouslyB.potentlyC.profuselyD.candidly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。横线单词lavishly意为“丰富地；浪费地；大方地”；A选项“du

29、biously”意为“怀疑地；可疑地”；B选项“potently”意为“有说服力地；强有力地；有效力地”；C选项“profusely”意为“丰富地；不吝惜地；大量地”；D选项“candidly”意为“坦白地；率直地；直率而诚恳地”。句意：此外，竞选活动本身得到了慷慨的资助，有足够的钱用于一流的工作人员旅行和电视广告。由题干可知，with plenty of money（有足够的钱）说明financed（资助）肯定是充足的，或者数量巨大的。由此可知，lavishly在此处最可能是“大方地”的意思。因此C选项符合题意。8. 单选题The editor considered the authors

30、analysis in this article to be penetrating.问题1选项A.extensiveB.profoundC.conclusiveD.valuable【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。penetrating“敏锐的；深刻的；透彻的”；A选项extensive“广泛的；大量的；广阔的”；B选项profound“彻底的；意义深远的；深刻的”；C选项conclusive“决定性的；最后的；确定性的”；D选项valuable“有价值的；贵重的；可估价的”。句意：编辑认为作者在这篇文章中的分析很有穿透力。根据句中“the authors analysis in this a

31、rticle作者在这篇文章中的分析”可知 penetrating在这里的意思应为“深刻的”，因此B选项正确。9. 单选题（ ）Ill marry him all the same.问题1选项A.Was he rich or poorB.Whether rich or poorC.Were he rich or poorD.Be he rich or poor【答案】D【解析】语法题考查虚拟语气。D选项这是省略whether后的让步状语从句 ，从句用了省略should虚拟语气，省略whether后，句子要倒装，原句等于 whether he (should）be rich or poor.，谓语

32、动词提前时要用从句谓语原形动词即be，排除A、C项；而B选项省略错误，逻辑主语发生了变化。句意：不管他是穷是富，我都要嫁给他。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题Artificial diamond is indistinguishable from genuine one, but much cheaper.问题1选项A.differential inB.indifferent toC.differentiable fromD.identical to【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。横线单词indistinguishable from意为“难以分辨，别无二致”；A选项“differential i

33、n”意为“在有差别的”；B选项“indifferent to”意为“不在乎；对漠不关心”；C选项“differentiable from”意为“区别于”；D选项“identical to”意为“同一的，同样的；和相同”。句意：人造钻石与真钻石难以区别，但便宜得多。由题干可知，but是表转折的并列连词。but后是便宜得多，如果人造钻石和真钻石有区别的话，构不成转折的关系，所以此处表达的是人造钻石和真钻石难以区分，但是还便宜得多。由此可知，indistinguishable from在此处最可能是“难以分辨”的意思。因此D选项符合题意。11. 单选题Man often wonders how th

34、e earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that _in pictures from space.问题1选项A.stands forB.stands byC.stands upD.stands out【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“stands for”意为“代表；意味着”；B选项“stands by”意为“支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边”；C选项“stands up”意为“站起来；坚持；竖立；站得住脚；拥护”；D选项“stands out”意为“突出；杰出；坚持到底；坚决反对”

35、。句意：人们常常想知道地球是如何从一个炙热、狂暴的诞生演变成这个著名的含水星球，并从太空照片中脱颖而出的。由题干可知，in pictures from space（在太空照片中），说明从太空层面来看，地球与其他星球截然不同，是个含水的星球，由此脱颖而出。因此D选项符合题意。12. 单选题The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of （ ）quality, hed tell them so.问题1选项A.minorB.humbleC.inferiorD.awkward【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨

36、析。A选项minor“次要的；较小的”；B选项humble“谦逊的；简陋的；低下的”；C选项inferior“差的；自卑的；下级的”；D选项awkward“尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的；不合适的”。句意：这位商店售货员对顾客很坦率。如果一件商品质量差，那么他就会如实地告诉他们。根据句中“quality质量”可知“差的”符合语境，因此C选项正确。13. 单选题There are a few small things that I dont like about my job, but（ ）its very enjoyable.问题1选项A.all at onceB.once and for allC.

37、so much asD.by and large【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项all at once“突然”；B选项once and for all“一劳永逸地；彻底地；最后一次”；C选项so much as“甚至于；连都不”；D选项by and large“大体上，总的来说”。句意：虽然工作上的一些小事情让我讨厌，但是总的来说它是非常令人愉快的。由题干中的“a few small things一些小事情”和表示转折的“but”可知“by and large总的来说”符合语境，因此D选项正确。14. 单选题There were no tickets（ ）for Fridays perf

38、ormance.问题1选项A.preferableB.possibleC.considerableD.available【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项preferable“更好的，更可取的；更合意的”；B选项possible“可能的；合理的；合适的”；C选项considerable“相当大的；重要的，值得考虑的”；D选项available“可获得的；可购买的；可找到的；有空的”。句意：周五的演出已没有票可购买。根据句中“There were no tickets没有票”可知“可购买的”符合语境，因此D选项正确。15. 单选题Because of adverse weather con

39、ditions, the travelers stopped to camp.问题1选项A.localB.unfamiliarC.goodD.unfavorable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。adverse“不利的；相反的；敌对的”；A选项“local 当地的；局部的；地方性的”；B选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的；不常见的”；C选项good“好的；优良的；愉快的”；D选项unfavorable“不利的；令人不快的；不顺利的”。句意：由于天气条件恶劣，旅行者们停下来露营。根据句中“the travelers stopped to camp这些旅客停下了去扎营”可知adverse在这里的

40、意思为“不利的”，因此D选项正确。16. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.在哥本哈根会议遇到困难，许多国家领导人准备打道回府的时候，我坚持同各方斡旋，与各国共同努力，最终达成哥本哈根协议。这个成果是来之不易的，也是在涉及各国重大利益问题上可能取得的最好成果。哥本哈根会议结束以后，1月份我就致函联合国秘书长和丹麦首相，坚定地表示，中国高度评价和支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场。就在最近，我们又致函联合国，表示我们全面

41、支持哥本哈根会议决议的立场，并且申明中国列入支持哥本哈根协议的名单国。为什么总拿中国做文章？我至今不明白。气候变化问题关系到人类的生存，也关系到各国的利益，关系到世界的公平和正义。我们坚持“共同但有个别的责任”原则是完全正确的，我们将继续同世界各国一同推进应对气候变化的进程。【答案】When the Copenhagen Conference ran into difficulties and many world leaders were ready to go home, I insisted on working with all parties and other countries

42、to reach an agreement in Copenhagen. This result is hard-won, and it is the best that can be achieved on issues that affect the interests of all countries.After the Copenhagen Conference, I wrote letters to the UN Secretary-General and the Danish Prime Minister in January, firmly stating that China

43、highly values and supports the Copenhagen Conference resolution. Just recently, we wrote to the United Nations, expressing our full support for the Copenhagen Conference resolution and affirming Chinas inclusion in the list of countries supporting the Copenhagen Accord.Why do you always make an issu

44、e of China? I still dont understand. Climate change concerns not only the survival of mankind, but also the interests of all countries and the fairness and justice of the world. It is entirely correct for us to adhere to the principle of “common but separate responsibilities”. We will continue to wo

45、rk with other countries to tackle climate change.17. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English on your ANSWER SHEET.你可能有很高的学术才智，但缺乏社会能力，即虚心听取意见、热忱待人、批评与接受批评的能力。社会能力强的人能够承认自己的错误，勇于承担责任并继续努力。他们知道如何取得集体的支持。而人际关系差的人不太善于接受批评。遇到错误，首先想到的是自己，拒绝承认自己有错，喜怒无常或暴跳如雷。【答案】You may have great academ

46、ic talent, but you lack social skills, which refers to the ability to listen to ideas with an open mind, cordially treat people and accept criticism. People with strong social skills are able to admit their mistakes, accept responsibility bravely, and continue to work hard. They know how to get coll

47、ective support. And people with poor relationships are less receptive to criticism. When they make mistakes, they always think of themselves first and refuse to admit that they are wrong, being moody or furious.18. 单选题Although she scrubbed the old pot thoroughly, she could not make it look completel

48、y clean.问题1选项A.disinfectedB.scratchedC.rinsedD.scoured【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词scrubbed意为“用力擦洗；使净化”；A选项“disinfected”意为“将消毒”；B选项“scratched”意为“抓；刮；挖出；乱涂”；C选项“rinsed”意为“（用清水）冲洗，漂净”；D选项“scoured”意为“（用粗糙的物体）擦净，洗涤；冲洗，清除”。句意：虽然她已经彻底地擦洗那只旧壶，但她无法使它看上去完全干净。由题干可知，she could not make it look completely clean（但她无法使它看上去

49、完全干净）说明她正设法把那只旧壶弄干净，可以推测出这里的动作应该是擦净。由此可知，scrubbed在此处最可能是“用力擦洗”的意思，四个选项中scoured具有“擦净”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。19. 不定项选择题The first reaction one has to the question of viable approaches to the control of chemical and biological weapons is that there are no such approaches. And it is most difficult to dispens

50、e with this first reaction. The reasons are that the nations, including some of the smaller ones, are already downstream too far. The larger stores of weapons for CB warfare may be restricted to the major powers, but there is little doubt that an increasing capability is proliferating to some of the

51、 smaller and developing countries. What used to be largely a picture of research has turned to development, and development has turned to manufacturing and stockpiling. The subject is shrouded in secrecy and it is the secrecy which seems to provide a nonstop momentum to realize the full potential of

52、 these types of weapons. No one really knows what someone else may have ready for employment in a military situation. The large and expensive programs in the United States and Russia are attributed to each others “large and expensive programs”. Knowledge and capability required for detection and def

53、ense are tied to knowledge and capability for retaliation. The “no first use” policy of the United States and other major nations implies that this retaliation be in kind, and this requires that weapons of the CB class be available.A philosophy of mutual deterrence (制约) is developing in CB warfare c

54、omparable to that in nuclear warfare. In fact, much of the literature on the subject repeats that the stalemate in the latter opens up the need for capability in the former. As an arms race, CBW does not present the spiraling costs of the ICBM-ABM systems, hence a movement to CB weapons (especially

55、chemical) among some smaller nations. So far as the major powers are concerned, the elements in CBW which are in common with the nuclear arms race include the now-accepted approach to that race. Thus in discussing control of CB warfare, an editorial in the British journal, Nature, concluded: “The ba

56、lance of terror between the great power blocs may not be to everybodys taste, but it is probably still the best way of avoiding War.”1. It can be inferred that the control of chemical and biological warfare（ ）.2. Which of the following is NOT given as a cause for the continued development of CB weap

57、ons?3. The writer in the British journal might feel that the research and development of CB systems should be（ ）.4. The justification for the United States participation in CB warfare programs is mainly due to the（ ）.5. The main purpose of this article is to（ ）.问题1选项A.is less costly than controlling

58、 other systems of warfareB.may not be possible or necessarily desirableC.is in the hands of the United States and RussiaD.should become a matter of prime importance问题2选项A.The hostilities between the nations involved.B.The need to be able to detect a CB attack.C.Other weapons programs are more costly

59、 than the development of a CB system.D.The countries involved are unaware of what the others are doing.问题3选项A.encouraged and expandedB.conducted only by the major powersC.immediately haltedD.maintained as it is now问题4选项A.need for undetectable weaponryB.costliness of the nuclear programsC.Russias hav

60、ing such a programD.ability of modern research to develop them问题5选项A.show the indifference in stopping CB warfare programsB.explain the cost of CB warfareC.discuss alternatives to CB warfareD.make the reader aware of the dangers of CB warfare【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由the control of

61、 chemical and biological warfare定位到文章第一段“The first reaction one has to the question of viable approaches to the control of chemical and biological weapons is that there are no such approaches”，即人们对控制化学和生物武器的可行办法问题的第一反应是觉得根本没有这种办法，并且研究生化武器的能力正扩散到一些较小和发展中的国家。这说明控制生化武器也许是不可能的，或者说不能令人满意。A选项“is less cost

62、ly than controlling other systems of warfare”意为“比控制其他战争系统成本更低”，原文虽将生化武器和洲际导弹的成本进行对比，但这不是控制生化武器的原因，反而是一些小国开始使用生化武器的原因；B选项“may not be possible or necessarily desirable”意为“也许不可能或不一定是令人满意的”，与原文相符；C选项“is in the hands of the United States and Russia”意为“都掌握在美国和俄罗斯手中”，与原文不符，研究生化武器的能力也逐渐被一些小国掌握；D选项“should become a matter of prime importance”意为“应该成为头等大事”原文没有相关表达。因此B选项符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析四个选项。A选项“The hostilities between the nations involved”，意为“国家之间的敌对状态”，原文“The large and expensive programs in the United States and Russia are attributed to each others large and expensive program