2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前模拟强化练习题21（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they_ to violence in order to escape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. proceed开始；继续进行 B. appeal呼吁；恳求C. resort诉诸；采取 D. incline倾向于【考察点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意为只有动物在被困住的时候，它们才会采取暴力措施来逃走。C选项resort接to表采取

2、的意思，符合句意。【干扰项排除】A选项proceed to继续下去；B选项appeal to呼吁；上诉；要求；对有吸引力；D选项incline to倾向于。incline to更多指具有什么倾向。但是该题目应该选采取暴力措施，因为题意为动物们已经被困住了。以上选项均不符合句意。【句意】一般来说，只有当动物被困住时，它们才会采取暴力措施以逃脱。2. 单选题This book is divided into five sections. Each section（ ）a different aspect of the problem.问题1选项A.deals withB.copes withC.s

3、olvesD.handles【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。deal with“处理，涉及”；cope with“处理，应付”；solve“解决，解答”；handle“处理”。句意：这本书分为五个部分，每个部分都涉及问题的不同方面。A项符合题意。3. 单选题By 1914, ten of the Western states had granted women the right to vote, but（ ）.问题1选项A.only one in the EastB.only one eastern stateC.in the East only one state didD.only on

4、e in the East had【答案】A【解析】考查语法。前后句子的谓语相同，故后半句的谓语部分可省略。句意：到1914年，西部的十个州已经赋予妇女投票权，但是东部只有一个州的妇女有投票权。故A项正确。4. 单选题The sun is not growing weaker, yet its light appears to be dimming. Between 1960 and 1990, some scientists believe, the amount of solar radiation reaching Earths surface may have declined as

5、much as 10%and in some places, Hong Kong, for example, more than 35%.What was going on? Well, it appears that increased air pollution during those 30 yearsover Asia, in particularwith the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness, may have exerted a cooling influence on the surface of the planet e

6、ven as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases were encouraging the atmosphere to warm. The impacts of that tug-of-war on the climate system could be devilishly difficult to untangle. At the same time, no task could be more urgent. For if global pollution has helped keep global warming in check, s

7、ays Veerabhadran Ramanthan, an atmospheric scientist at the University of California at San Diego, then the full impact of the buildup of greenhouse gases has yet to be felt. This week, at the American Geophysical Union meeting in Montreal, Ramanathan and others will be presenting the latest data on

8、 the solar-dimming problem and pondering its implications for the climate system as a whole.Many scenarios for global warming, for example, invoke a speedup in the hydrological cycle by which water evaporates and then comes down as rain. The cooling produced by solar dimming, however, may slow the r

9、ate of evaporation, while higher up in the atmosphere the pollutants responsible for absorbing and reflecting sunlight are likely to interfere with the process that produces rain.Why? These pollutants, which take the form of tiny, airborne particles called aerosols, act as nuclei around which cloud

10、droplets form. The problem is, there are too many aerosols in the atmosphere competing for water molecules, so the cloud droplets that form are too small and never become weighty enough to fall to the ground. As a result, says Beate Liepert, an atmospheric physicist at Columbia Universitys Lamont-Do

11、herty Earth Observatory, the atmosphere could be filled with moisture while Earths surface thirsts for rain.Many questions remain, including the true extent of the dimming. One analysis pegs the average worldwide darkening to be about 4% over three decades, while another computes it to be more than

12、twice that much. There are also questions about the reliability of the devices that measure the sunlight reaching Earths surface. Known as radiometers, these instruments are nothing more than flat, black solar collectors capped with glass. They are sometimes finicky: a smudge of dirt or a speck of d

13、ust can cause bogus readings and change the calculated results.Solar dimming, in other words, is a problem still in the process of being defined, and as its dimensions become clearer, so will the nature of the challenge the world faces. Although scientists have done a lot of thinking about global wa

14、rming, they are just beginning to grapple with the problem of how global warming and solar dimming interact. As Ramanthan puts it, “Its like we have a new gorilla sitting down at the table”and it could turn out to be a very big gorilla indeed.1.By tug-of-war, (line 4, Paragraph 2), the author means（

15、 ）.2.How do the scientists feel about the current climate situation?3.When mentioning “its like we have a new gorilla sitting down at the table” (Line 4, Paragraph 6), the author implies that（ ）.4.Which of the following cannot serve as factor of causing the cooling surface of the planet?5.Which of t

16、he following is TURE according to the text?问题1选项A.the different effect of solar dimming and global warmingB.the impact of the solar dimming on the climate systemC.the influence of the solar dimming on the global warmingD.the interaction between the solar dimming and global warming问题2选项A.SeriousB.Opt

17、imisticC.CarefreeD.Panicked问题3选项A.scientist should have a close look at the solar dimming problemB.we are facing a new problem which is very complicated and difficult to manageC.we are just beginning to have research on this new fieldD.the new solar dimming problem is beyond scientists ability to ta

18、ckle问题4选项A.The lack of the rain in the planet.B.The increasing of the pollutants.C.The forming of the cloud droplets.D.The less weight of the cloud droplets.问题5选项A.The instruments used in the study are too simple to function well.B.Living things in the earth will be greatly influenced by solar dimmi

19、ng.C.There is still a long way to go in the study of solar dimming.D.The findings that the solar dimming has influence on the surface of the planet are doubtful.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.词义题。由第二段“What was going on? Well, it appears that increased air pollution during those 30 yearsover Asia

20、, in particularwith the help, perhaps, of some increased cloudiness, may have exerted a cooling influence on the surface of the planet even as carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases were encouraging the atmosphere to warm. The impacts of that tug-of-war on the climate system could be devilishly d

21、ifficult to untangle. 发生了什么事?在这30年里，空气污染的加剧尤其是在亚洲在云层增加的帮助下，可能对地球表面产生了降温的影响，而二氧化碳和其他温室气体却在促使大气变暖。这种拉锯战对气候系统的影响可能极其难以理清。”可知tug-of-war指全球变暖以及云层增加导致地面降温，太阳变暗的相互作用。故D项正确。2.观点态度题。由第二段“At the same time, no task could be more urgent. For if global pollution has helped keep global warming in check与此同时，没有比这更紧

22、迫的任务了。因为如果全球污染助长了全球变暖的话。”可知科学家认为当前的气候形势是十分严峻的。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。通读最后一段“Solar dimming, in other words, is a problem still in the process of being defined, and as its dimensions become clearer, so will the nature of the challenge the world faces. Although scientists have done a lot of thinking about globa

23、l warming, they are just beginning to grapple with the problem of how global warming and solar dimming interact. 换句话说，太阳变暗仍然是一个仍在界定过程中的问题，随着它的范围变得更清楚，世界所面临的挑战的性质也将更清楚。尽管科学家们已经对全球变暖做了很多思考，但他们刚刚开始解决全球变暖和太阳变暗如何相互作用的问题。”可知太阳变暗这个问题，科学家们还才刚刚开始研究，还有很多东西需要了解。最后以Ramanthan的话结尾，那么结尾语应该与上文呼应，即太阳变暗这个问题，还才开始，比较难以

24、处理。故B项正确。4.推理判断题。通读第四段“Why? These pollutants, which take the form of tiny, airborne particles called aerosols, act as nuclei around which cloud droplets form. The problem is, there are too many aerosols in the atmosphere competing for water molecules, so the cloud droplets that form are too small an

25、d never become weighty enough to fall to the ground. As a result, says Beate Liepert, an atmospheric physicist at Columbia Universitys Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, the atmosphere could be filled with moisture while Earths surface thirsts for rain. 为什么?这些污染物以被称为气溶胶的微小空气微粒的形式存在，它们充当云滴形成的核心。问题是，大气

26、中有太多的悬浮颗粒在争夺水分子，所以形成的云滴太小，永远不会重到足以落到地面。哥伦比亚大学拉蒙特-多尔蒂地球观测站的大气物理学家贝亚特利佩特说，这样一来，大气层就会充满水分，而地球表面却渴望雨水。”可知A项“地球缺少雨水”是结果，而非原因。B项“污染物的增加”，C项“云滴的形成”，D项“云滴的重量较轻”都是导致地球大气层温度低的原因。5.推理判断题。本文最后一段提到对于太阳变暗这个问题。科学家的研究还才刚开始，还有很多东西不了解，故C项“在太阳变暗这个问题的研究上还有很长的路要走”正确。5. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the st

27、udents often visited local schools for the _ of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. observation 观察；监视 B. investigation 调查；调查研究C. inspection 视察；检查 D. examination 考试；检查【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，教师实习的学生经常去学校参加培训，培训的内容是for the _ of lessons，由此可以推断出进行教师实习的学生是去本地的

28、学校观察上课。observation指一段时间内仔细观察某人/某事物的行为，尤指为了学习某事物。因此A. observation“观察”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项investigation指对某一情况、犯罪等事实的官方审查，或者是对某一主题或问题的事实进行的科学或学术检查，而本句重点在于去观察当地学校的课程，不属于犯罪等事实，也不属于科学或学术检查；C选项inspection指对学校、工厂等的正式访问，以检查规章是否被遵守，标准是否可接受，教师实习的学生并不是正式访问，排除；D选项examination指仔细检查（某事物/某人），尤指检查是否有问题或找出问题的原因，不符合句子语境。【句意】

29、在他们的第一个教师培训年，学生们经常去当地学校观察课程。6. 单选题One more try,（ ）you will succeed.问题1选项A.orB.butC.soD.and【答案】D【解析】考查逻辑连词。or表示选择关系，but表转折关系，so常用来连接表示因果关系的句子，and表示并列关系。此句中前后句为并列顺延的关系。句意：再试一次，你就会成功。故D项正确。7. 单选题The psychologist William James believed that facial expressions not only provide a visiblesign of an （ ） .问题

30、1选项A.emotion but also actually contributing to the feeling itselfB.emotion; they also actually contribute to the feeling ofC.emotion but also actually contribute to the feeling itselfD.emotion, actually contributing to the feeling itself【答案】C【解析】not onlybut also表示并列关系，前后分句的结构应该保持一致，宾语从句的主语为facial ex

31、pressions，not only后面接的是provide，故but also后面也应该用动词复数contribute to故答案C。句意：心理学家威廉詹姆斯认为,面部表情不仅提供情感的可见迹象，而且也有助于感觉本身。8. 单选题His family tried to_ into the white and Hispanic communities.问题1选项A.meltB.assimilateC.involveD.weaver【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. melt融化 B. assimilate 吸收；使同化C. involve包含；牵涉 D. weaver织布工；编织工【考查点】固

32、定搭配。【解题思路】assimilate into表示（使）逐渐混合于（某一更大的群体）。句中white and Hispanic communities指的是白人和西班牙裔社区，是一个大群体。B选项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】他的家人试图融入白人和西班牙裔社区。9. 翻译题The express way is not only a bridge leading a country into modernization, but also an essential condition for the development of modern

33、 transportation. In recent years, Chinas express ways have experienced a flourishing development, with a total mileage of 96,000 kilometers by 2012, ranking the second in the world. The total mileage will reach 108,000 kilometers after the construction of the national express way network is complete

34、d. By then, over 90% of the cities with an urban population of more than 200,000 will have been covered. Express ways create new development opportunities and space for road transportation, adding vitality to the economic take-off along the way. Nowadays, it has become one of the most important fact

35、ors in driving the domestic demand and fuelling the rapid development of economy.【答案】高速公路是一个国家走向现代化的桥梁，也是发展现代交通业的必要条件。近几年，中国高速公路蓬勃发展，截止到2012年，中国高速公路的总里程已经达到9.6万公里，位居世界第二。国家高速公路网建成后，通车里程将达10.8万公里，届时将覆盖超过90%的拥有20万以上城镇人口的城市。高速公路为道路运输创造了新的发展机遇和空间，也为沿线的经济腾飞增添了活力。现在，它已成为拉动内需、促进经济快速发展的重要因素之一。10. 单选题The loc

36、al government is planning to make（ ）for the elderly people in a housing program.问题1选项A.provisionB.admittanceC.assistanceD.condition【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。provision“准备，规定，条款”；admittance“进入，入场权，通道”；assistance“帮助，援助”；condition“条件，情况，环境”。make provision for “为将来需要、困难做准备”。句意：当地政府计划在住房项目上给老年人提供帮助。A项符合题意。11. 单选题Co

37、nventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy and stagnation, too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.Recent research b

38、y Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-

39、for-profit organizations.Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promote

40、d higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict.Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these result

41、s in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators.In the not-fo

42、r-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.1.In the e

43、yes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is（ ）.2.Professor Charles R. Schwenks research shows（ ）.3.We can learn from Schwenks research that（ ）.4.The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations（ ）.5.People working in a not-for-profit organization（ ）.问题1选项A.wrongB.oversimplifiedC.misl

44、eadingD.unclear问题2选项A.the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB.the real value of conflictC.the difficult in determining the optimal level of conflictD.the complexity of defining the roles of conflict问题3选项A.a persons view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his organizationB.conflict is

45、necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsC.different people resolve conflicts in different waysD.it is impossible for people to avoid conflict问题4选项A.there is no end of conflictB.expression of different opinions is encouragedC.decisions must be justifiableD.success lies in general agreement问

46、题5选项A.seem to be difficult to satisfyB.are free to express diverse opinionsC.are less effective in making decisionsD.find it easier to reach agreement【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.观点态度题。由第二段“Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict ma

47、y be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. 然而，Charles R. Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知作者认为公众对于冲突的理解过于简单。故B项正确。2.细节事实题。由“Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than t

48、hese simple generalizations. 然而，Charles R. Schwenk教授最近的研究表明，确定冲突的最佳水平可能比这些简单的概括要复杂得多。”可知确定冲突的最佳水平存在困难。故C项正确。3.推理判断题。由第三段“Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. 有些令人惊讶的是，Schwenk发现，对于冲突的看法随着组织类型的不同而系统地变化。”接下来分别

49、列举了盈利机构和非盈利机构对待冲突的不同看法。故A项正确。4.推理判断题。由第四段“In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators. 在以盈利为目的的组织中，决策效能最常以财务术语来评估。高管们认为，共识而不是冲突可以增强财务指标。”可知盈利机构

50、认为共识能增强财务指标。故D项“成功在于统一的意见（共识）”正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“In the not-for-profit organizations, decision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflic

51、t led to more considered and acceptable decisions. 在非营利性组织中，决策有效性是从令人满意的群体的角度来定义的。考虑到满足许多不同成员的复杂性和模糊性，高管们认为冲突导致了更深思熟虑和可接受的决定。”可知在非盈利性机构里人们可以表达不同的观点，故B项正确。12. 单选题Why do we still sunbathe when we know the dangers of _ our skin to the sun?问题1选项A.removingB.exposingC.revealingD.rescuing【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.

52、removing 去除；移动 B. exposing 暴露C. revealing 揭示 D. rescuing拯救【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】由空格后内容our skin to the sun，结合逻辑关系，皮肤应该是被暴露在阳光下。B符合逻辑。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】既然我们知道把皮肤暴露在阳光下是危险的，为什么还要日光浴呢?13. 单选题They（ ）into the deep pond from the overhanging cliff in a beautiful dive.问题1选项A.submergedB.plungeC.duc

53、kedD.immersed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。submerge“淹没，把浸入，沉浸”；plunge“跳进，使突然地下落”；duck“躲避”；immerse“沉浸，使陷入”。句意：他们从悬崖潜入深水池，完成了一个完美的跳水动作。只有B项符合题意，从悬崖跳入深水池，速度很快，快速下落。14. 单选题It is through learning that the individual _ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】

54、A. retains 保持 B. gains 获得C. achieves 达到；实现 D. acquires 获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。of reacting to situations（对情况的反应）做habitual ways（习惯方式）的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况做出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways（习惯方式）相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项得到

55、，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况做出反应的许多习惯方式。15. 单选题There is a boy student downstairs（ ）.问题1选项A.wants to see youB.whom wants to see youC.which wants to see youD.he wants to see you【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为boy student，表示人，一般用that 或who，故排除B、C两项。当there be开头的句子，其主语的定语从句常可省略关系代词。

56、句意：楼下有一个男学生想见你。故A项正确。16. 单选题（ ）that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.问题1选项A.So clever are the construction robotsB.So clever the construction robots areC.Such construction robots are cleverD.Such clever construction robots are【答案】A【解析】考查倒装。sot

57、hat和suchthat句型中，so和such放于句首时，句子部分倒装。故A项正确。句意：建筑机器人是如此聪明以至于它们最终减少了建筑工地上需要的90%的劳动力。17. 单选题（ ）that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.问题1选项A.ForB.NowC.SinceD.Despite【答案】B【解析】考查逻辑连词。for、since通常表示原因，不和that连用，now that“既然，因为，由于”；despite“尽管”。句意：由于我的头脑清醒了，我的大脑也开始运转得更好了。前后句因果

58、关系，故B项正确。18. 单选题Did you notice her pale face? I think she was not quite（ ）at the party yesterday.问题1选项A.herB.sheC.herselfD.itself【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be not oneself“表示身体不舒服”。句意：你注意到她苍白的脸没？我觉得在昨天的聚会上，她不太舒服。C项符合题意。19. 单选题The judge criticized the lawyer because he didnt keep his remarks to the topic（ ）discu

59、ssion.问题1选项A.onB.underC.withD.for【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。under discussion“在讨论中”。句意：法官批评了律师，因为他没有在讨论中就这个话题发表言论。B项正确。20. 单选题The Wallenstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce（ ）.问题1选项A.that occurred when a childB.that occurred when they were childrenC.that has occurred as each was a childD.occurring when children【答案】B【解析】考查语法。分析句子成分可知空格处所填成分为定语，when引导时间状语从句。句意：瓦伦斯坦的研究表明，即使过了十年，年轻男女仍然会受到父母离婚的影响，这些离婚是在他们还是孩子时发生的。B项符合题意。