2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题74（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Everything in the shop is too expensive; I wont pay $200 for the fur coat because it is not worth（ ）.问题1选项A.all that muchB.that much allC.that all muchD.much all that【答案】A【解析】考查限定词词序。限定词的排序：前位限定词（指量限定词all，both，half等；倍数词、分数词等）+中位限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格）+后位限定词（

2、序数词、基数词，数量词及短语many，much，little，few，plenty of，a lot of）。句意：商店里的东西都太贵了；我不会付200美元买这件毛皮大衣，因为它根本不值这么多钱。2. 单选题I have given you my advice. Whether you will act on it is（ ）you.问题1选项A.up toB.up forC.on toD.for to【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be up to sb.意为“取决于某人”。句意：我已经给了你我的建议。是否采纳就看你了。3. 单选题When a psychologist does a gen

3、eral experiment about the human mind, he selects people（ ）and asks them questions.问题1选项A.at lengthB.at randomC.in essenceD.in bulk【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。at length意为“充分地”；at random意为“任意地，随便地”；in essence意为“本质上，大体上”；in bulk意为“大量，整批”。句意：当心理学家要做一个关于人类思维的常规实验时，他会随机地选择人并问他们问题。4. 单选题Your advice would be （ ）valuabl

4、e to him, who is at present at his wits end.问题1选项A.extensivelyB.exclusivelyC.excessivelyD.exceedingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。extensively意为“广大地，广泛地”；exclusively意为“唯一地”；excessively意为“过度地”；exceedingly意为“非常，极其”。句意：你的建议对他来说非常的有价值，他现在是无计可施了。5. 单选题When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be （ ）

5、in deeper.问题1选项A.absorbedB.pushedC.heavedD.sucked【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。absorb意为“吸收（液体、气体等）”；push意为“推，推动”；heave意为“举起”；suck意为“ 吸取，吸入，卷进入”，be sucked in意为“被吸进，被卷入”。句意：当被困在流沙中时，不要挣扎，否则你回被吸进去更深。6. 问答题The reason why James Bond movies are (A) so popular is (B) because (C) they combine the appeal of traditional sp

6、y (D) stories with the appeal of technological devices.【答案】试题答案：C; that【解析】考查名词性从句。The reason why.is that表语从句（的原因是）是固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because。7. 单选题（ ）, police would not prosecute you.问题1选项A.Provided that you cooperated with usB.Provided that you will cooperate with usC.Provided that you have cooper

7、ated with usD.Provided that you would cooperate with us【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在事实进行虚拟，从句：If 主语+过去时（be动词用were），主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do。provided that意为“假如，设若”。句意：假如你和我们合作，警察就不会起诉你的。8. 单选题The small Jackson is not （ ）now, but he will be famous someday.问题1选项A.magnificentB.prominentC.dominantD.signif

8、icant【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。magnificent意为“壮丽的，宏伟的”；prominent意为“突出的，杰出的”；dominant意为“占优势的”；significant意为“重要的”。句意：小杰克逊现在还不出名，但总有一天他会出名的。9. 单选题Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Courts ruling Monday upholding the goal o

9、f a diverse student body. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by most selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of more lawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Educations Office of

10、Civil Rights to investigate questionable policies. “Were talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any program.only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different.” says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a c

11、onservative non-profit group.Others say theyll take their case to voters. “We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box” says University of California regent Ward Connerly, who helped win voter approval of Californias Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public e

12、ducation, hiring and contracting. Because of that law, Mondays ruling had no practical impact in the state. “It may be time for us to.let the (Michigan) voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions,” Connerly said Monday.Meanwhile, US Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent wit

13、h President Bushs stance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will “continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions”. Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O-Connor, in one of the op

14、inions, recommended that states look for lessons in race-neutral programs being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admissions officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so. “Ultimately in the debate, diversity is a ch

15、oice, not a legal mandate,” says Arthur Coleman, a former Department of Education official who now helps colleges and universities Ensure constitutional policies.The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the non-profit research organization Publi

16、c Agenda, 79% of Americans said it is important for colleges to have a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and

17、Hispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites. And some educators doubt that with Mondays ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.For now, admissions officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies. Wh

18、ile most tend to be closed mouthed about admissions policies, many they dont expect significant changes.1.Which of the following in the opinion of the opponents of affirmative action?2.Connery insisted that the Courts ruling should （ ）.3.What is the attitude of the Department of Education towards af

19、firmative action?4.Which of the following is true about affirmative action according to the text?问题1选项A.The battle over the use of race in college admissions is not over.B.The Supreme Courts ruling should be adapted to college situations.C.It is necessary to formulate the right policies for college

20、admissions.D.Race-neutral programs should not be set up in college and universities.问题2选项A.win approval from California voters before it is put in effectB.be contested by the Michigan voters with an opinion pollC.be applied in some states before it is extended to other statesD.produce the intended p

21、ractical affect before it is widely accepted问题3选项A.Neutrality.B.Objection.C.Approval.D.Indifference.问题4选项A.A vast majority of people support it.B.The minorities claim it to be a discriminatory policy.C.The minority students are more likely to welcome it.D.The Courts decision will certainly change pe

22、oples attitude to it.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over（反对反歧视的人说，在大学招生中使用种族的斗争几乎没有结束）可知A选项“在大学招生中使用种族的斗争还没有结束”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box

23、（我们必须在投票箱里认真地竞争这一切）可知Connerly认为法院的裁决应由民意调查投票决定，因此选B。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的US Education Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with President Bushs stance opposing affirmative action（美国教育部长Rod Paige与布什总统的立场一致，反对反歧视运动）可知美国教育部对反歧视行动持反对态度，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49%

24、of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and Hispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites.（在判决前几天进行的民意调查中，49%的成年人表示他们支持反歧视行动，43%的人表示反对，而黑人和西班牙裔比白人赞成的人数要多得多）可推测少数民族更支持这项行动，因此选C。10. 问答题Every paper and magazine were (A) lying wait (B) with (C) exhaustive

25、stories about the royal split (D) between the prince and princess of Wales.【答案】试题答案：B; in wait【解析】考查谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词were，因此用in wait（伺机）。11. 单选题Greater effort to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage（ ）avoided.问题1选项A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been【答案】A【解析】考查将来时。be to do sth

26、.意为“计划、安排或命令要做的事”，此处含有强制要求做某事，因此选A。will表示一般的将来，或者临时决定做某事；can be能够（避免）不符合句意；has been表示已经避免更不符合句意句意：如果要避免食物短缺，就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。12. 单选题Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. T

27、his means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting peop

28、le to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of hum

29、an history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. U

30、niversal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then t

31、he factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail, then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the pla

32、ces in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage as men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community in pre-industrial times, while now it becomes customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home a

33、nd family to his wife.Also as employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch s

34、ome effort and resources away from the Utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.Research carried out in recent opinion polls shows that （ ）.2.The passage suggests that we should now reexamine our thinking about the

35、future of work and（ ）.3.The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that（ ）.4.The effects of almost universal employment became overwhelming in that（ ）.5.The passage concludes that（ ）.问题1选项A.available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the populationB.ne

36、w jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figuresC.available employment must be most widely distributed among the unemployedD.the present high unemployment figures are a fact of life问题2选项A.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of workB.create more factories

37、 in order to increase our productivityC.set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn can employ othersD.be prepared to fill in time at home by taking up hobbies and leisure activities问题3选项A.universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperityB.economic freedom came within everyones graspC.p

38、atterns of work were fundamentally changedD.peoples attitudes to work had to be reserved问题4选项A.the household and village community disappeared completelyB.men now traveled enormous distances to their places of workC.young and old people became superfluous components of societyD.the work status of th

39、ose not in paid employment suffered问题5选项A.the creation of jobs for all is an impossibilityB.we should help those whose jobs are only part-timeC.people should start to support themselves by learning a practical skillD.our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficient【答案】第1题

40、:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that. high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.（民意测验现在开始显示出一种不情愿的共识即高失业率很可能会持续下去。这意味着我们必须设法更广泛地分享现有的就业机会）从民

41、意调查结果可知现在失业率很高 ，现有的就业只能满足一小部分人口，因此选A。2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的四个问句（我们是否应该继续把就业视为标准？难道我们不应该鼓励许多其他方式来尊重别人的工作吗？我们是否应该创造条件，让很多人可以为自己工作，而不是为雇主工作？难道我们的目标不应该是重振家庭和社区，以及工厂和办公室，作为生产和工作的中心吗？）可知我们应该改变以前的工作观念，被雇佣并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改变观念的具体例子，并不能概括其中心观点，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的it could offer the prospect of a better future for

42、 work（它可以为将来的工作提供更好的前景）可知与A选项“普遍就业实际上保证了繁荣”说法不符，工业时代只是提供一个好的工作机会，并不能保证繁荣；由Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom（如历史所示，普遍就业并不意味着经济自由）可知B选项“经济自由在每个人的掌握之中”说法不正确；由some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed（一些工作模式上的变化可能会被保留）可知与D选项“人们

43、对工作的态度必须保留”不符，通过排除法，因此选C。4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的as transport improved.eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived（随着交通的改善最终，许多人的工作失去了与他们的家庭生活和他们居住的地方的所有联系）可知人们可以到离家很远的地方工作，因此选B。5.推理判断题。文章最后一段的内容为：这一切现在可能必须改变。现在是时候把为所有人创造就业的乌托邦式目标的努力和资源，转变为帮助很多没

44、有全职工作的人进行管理的紧迫的实际任务上来。乌托邦表示某些好的，但是无法实现的（或几乎无法实现的）建议、愿望、计划等，由此可知A选项“为所有人创造就业机会是不可能的”符合题意。13. 单选题Come what（ ）, were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.问题1选项A.mustB.shouldC.canD.may【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。come what may意为“无论如何，不管怎样，无论发生什么事”。句意：无论如何，我们不会对他的不合理要求作出任何让步。14. 单选题How much R

45、obert Smith（ ）, the goal stayed unattained, but he still wouldnt give up.问题1选项A.inspiredB.endeavoredC.distressedD.confused【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”；endeavor意为“努力，尽力，试图”；distress意为“使悲伤，使苦恼”；confuse意为“使糊涂，使迷惑”。句意：不管罗伯特史密斯如何努力，他还是没有达到目标，但他还是不肯放弃。15. 单选题There are two main things that make aircraf

46、t engineering difficult: the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible. The fact that an airplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong, makes it perhaps a matter of life and death that its performance is absolutely d

47、ependable.Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of an aircraft that can be made to fly. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel, radio navigational instruments, passenger seats, or freight room,

48、and of course, the passengers and aircraft themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow. The designers of it must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the stress man. He takes account of any unu

49、sual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture, accident damage, etc.The stress mans calculations go to the designer of the part, and he must make it as strong as the stress man say is necessary. One or two samples are always tested to prove that they are as st

50、rong as the designer intended. Each separate part is tested, and then the whole assembly for example, a complete wing, and finally the whole airplane. When a new type of airplane is made, normally only one of the first three will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The

51、 third one will be tested in the air.When a plane has passed all the tests it can get a government certificate of airworthiness, without which it is illegal to fly, except for test flying.Making the working parts reliable is as difficult as making the structure strong enough. The flying controls, th

52、e electrical equipment, the fire precautions, etc. must not only be light in weight, but must work both at high altitudes where the temperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.To solve all these problems the aircraft industry has a large number of researc

53、h workers, with elaborate laboratories and test houses and new materials to give the best strength in relation to weight are constantly being tested.1.The two main requirements of aircraft design are （ ）.2.The maximum possible weight of an aircraft is determined by（ ）.3.The stress mans job is to（ ）.

54、4.The first three airplanes of a new type（ ）.5.All equipment in an aircraft must（ ）.问题1选项A.speed and costB.reliability and passenger comfortC.lightness and dependabilityD.ability to stay up in the air and reliability问题2选项A.the engineer powerB.the amount of freight roomC.the number of passengersD.int

55、ernational regulations问题3选项A.test how safe the plane isB.calculate how strong each part must beC.work out how height the plane may fly atD.control the amount of luggage each passenger may carry问题4选项A.are only for showB.are all destroyedC.are later broken up for spare partsD.are used for testing purp

56、oses问题5选项A.be tested to destructionB.not be too light in weightC.work especially well at high temperaturesD.work perfectly within a wide range of temperatures【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult: the need to make every co

57、mponent as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible.（有两件主要的事情使飞机工程变得困难：需要使每一个部件尽可能可靠，以及需要建造一切尽可能轻的东西）可知C选项“轻便与可靠性”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of an

58、aircraft that can be made to fly.（考虑到一定的发动机功率，并由此产生一定的燃料消耗，可以飞行的飞机的总重量有一个实际的限制）可知飞机的最大可能重量由发动机功率决定的，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The designers of it must calculate the normal load that each part will bear.（设计人员必须计算每个零件将承受的正常载荷）可知B选项“计算每个部分能承受的正常重量”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的When a new type of airplane is made, no

59、rmally only one of the first three will be flown. Two will be destroyed on the ground in structural tests. The third one will be tested in the air.（当一种新型飞机被制造出来时，正常情况下，头三架飞机中只有一架可以飞行。在结构试验中，两架将在地面上销毁，第三架将在空中进行测试）可知这三架飞机都是用来测试的，两架用于地面测试，一架用于空中测试，因此选D。5.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的but must work both at high altit

60、udes where the temperature may be below freezing point and in the hot air of an airfield in the tropics.（但必须在海拔较高、温度可能低于冰点的情况下工作，也必须在热带地区的热空气中工作）可知飞机上的所有设备都必须能在温差范围极大的条件下工作，因此选D。16. 单选题Peters body temperature has been（ ）for a week, the highest point reaching 39.5 degree centigrade.问题1选项A.abnormalB.d

61、isorderedC.uncommonD.extraordinary【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。abnormal意为“反常的，异常的”；disordered意为“混乱的”；uncommon意为“不常有的，罕见的”；extraordinary意为“非凡的”。句意：彼得的体温不正常已经持续一周了，最高温度达到39.5度。17. 单选题1. Love has toppled kings, inspired poets, sparked wars, soothed beasts, and changed the course of history. It is credited for life

62、s greatest joys, blamed for the most crushing sorrows. And of course, it makes the world go around.2. All of which is no surprise to biologists. They know that love is central to human existence. We are not just programmed for reproduction. The capacity for loving emotions is also written into our biochemistry, essential if children are to grow and to thrive. And loves absence can be devastating. The loss of a spouse often hastens death in older people.3. Love began with motherhood. For mammalian youn